1、实用中学英语背景习俗知识大全第二章 衣食住行第七节 天 气普天之下,人人都受天气的影响,与天气有着这样或那样的联系,所以人们在日常生活中常常不谋而合地谈起天气、议论起天气,把谈论天气作为一个经常的话题。但是由于各国文化和习俗的不同,人们对于谈论天气这个话题也往往显示出较大的差异。在英美国家,人们对于谈论天气有着特别的兴趣,在他们看来,初次见面或在彼此不是很了解的情况下,谈论天气是最稳妥的办法,所以他们常说“以谈论天气作为谈话开场白既管用,又不得罪人 (mentioning weather can be a useful and in offensive way of starting a co
2、nversation)。但是英美人谈论天气,除个别情况是实实在在地了解天气情况外,其他绝大部分情况都不是为了天气而谈天气,而是为了引入新的话题。比如旅行的人们坐在车上,彼此互不认识,假若大家都默默地坐着,那未免太尴尬,让人难受。为了打破这种冷局 (breaking the ice),人们就得无话找话说,说什么呢? 在英美人看来,最方便也是最安全的办法,就是谈论天气。因为天气这一话题人人都可以发表见解,且不涉及他人私事(英美人视打听私事为大忌),也不至于失礼或引起误解。另外,据说英国人尤其喜欢谈论天气,还与他们国家的多变天气(changable weather)有关,英国是世界上少有的几个天气异
3、常多变的国家之一,那里往往是上午还是阳光普照,下午就会大雨淋漓,一小时前还是晴空万里,一小时后就会雾都茫茫。因此,谈论或预测天气很自然就成了英国人最经常的话题。谈论天气一般以询问天气开头,且这种询问通常夹带有说话者的主观评断。同时值得一提的是,这种询问和评断往往带有“明知故问”的性质,如:Lovely day weather,isnt it? 天气真好,是吗?Nice and warm today, isnt it? 今天挺暖和的,是吗?Very hot today, isnt it? 今天很热,是吗?Rather cold today, isnt it? 今天很冷,是吗?Terrible w
4、eather, isnt it? 天气真糟,是吗?Pretty warm, isnt it? 挺暖和的,是吗?Isnt it lovely weather? 天气真好。Isnt it a lovely day? 天气真好。Its raining heavily. 雨下得真大。Its much colder than (it was) yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。Its rather windy today. 今天风很大。Its quite cool here in August. 这里八月份很凉快。What a lovely day! 天气真好。What fine weather
5、were having! 天气真好。It looks like rain raining. 看来要下雨了。It looks as if its going to rain. 象要下雨了。Its clearing up. 天放晴了。Its going to be fine tomorrow. 明天将是个晴天。It seems to be clearing up. 天似乎要转晴了。Its getting warmer (and warmer). 天气越来越暖和了。I think therell be a storm soon. 我看很快就会有场暴风雨。I dont think the rain w
6、ould last long. 我看这雨不会下很久的。I think the rain is going to last all day. 我看这雨会下个整天了。Were going to have a snowfalll today. 今天会下雪了。Im so glad it has turned out fine. 我真高兴结果是个睛天。Im so sorry it has turned out wet. 真遗憾结果是个下雨天。I hope it will keep fine. 我希望天会一直晴下去。I hope the weather stays this way. 我希望天气总是这么好
7、。在评论天气时,人们有时用 nice (good) andadj. 这一结构来加强语气,注意不要将这类结构直译为“又好又. ”,其实这里的 nice and 意为“很,挺”(=very)。如:nice andwarm(挺暖和);nice and cold(很冷)等。在谈论天气时,有时人们也会对天气的具体情况作些较深入的了解和探讨,此时在有些情况下可能是真正想了解天气情况,但更多的情况仍然是想以此作为谈话的突破口:Hows the weather today? 今天天气怎样?What was the weather like yesterday? 昨天天气怎样?Hows the weather
8、in Beijing in summer? 夏天北京天气怎样?Is the weather always like this? 天气老是这样吗?Is it always as hot (cold) as this? 天气总是这样热(冷)吗?What do you think of the weather here? 你认为这儿天气怎样?How do you like our weather? 你认为我们这儿天气怎样?Whats the temperature today, do you know? 今天的气温是多少,你知道吗?What does the weather forecast(man
9、) say? 天气预报是怎么说的?Whats the weather forecast for tomorrow? 明天的天气预报怎么说?谈论天气不仅仅是陌生人之间为了答腔或引入话题的惯用手段,就是熟悉人甚至朋友之间也常用之。比如你若要邀请你的朋友外出野餐,你可以这样“启发性”地进行: A: Isnt it a lovely day? 天气真好呀!B: Yes, isnt it? 是呀。A: It would be a pity if we stayed home in suchfine weather. 这样好的天气,要是我们呆在家里,那真是太可惜了。B: Where do you thin
10、k we should go? 那你认为我们应该到什么地方去呢?. 简洁是英语口语的一大特点,因此在谈论天气时,为了简洁起见,人们常使用一些省略句。如:Its a lovely day, isnt it? Lovely day, isnt it?Its rather cold today, isnt it? Rather cold, isnt it?在谈论天气时,我们不可避免地遇到“下雨”、“下雪”、“刮风”这样的说法,此时有两点要注意:第一、在此类情况下不能直接用 weather 作主语,而要用 it。如不说: The weather is raining. 或 The weather is
11、 going to snow. 而要说 Its raining. 或 Its going to snow. 但是我们若不是表示下雨或下雪这样的意思,而是要表示天气的“冷暖”情况,则可用 weather 作主语(当然也可以用 it作主语)。如我们既可以说 The weather here is cold. 也可以说 Its cold here. 第二、要表示“下大雨 / 雪”这类意思时,英语一般用heavily 或 hard。如:Its raining hard heavily. (雨下得正大)。另外汉语的“正下着倾盆大雨”这样的意思,英语的表达方法很多。如:Its pouring. Its p
12、ouring with rain. The rain is pouring down. The rain is pelting down. Its raining cats and dogs. 最后一例中的 cats and dogs 是习语,其意为:下倾盆大雨。另外在谈论天气时,有两组句式意思一样,但表达形式略有不同,很容易弄错,需引起特别注意: 第一组易错句式为:How is the weather today? / Whats the weather like today? 这两句话的含义基本相同(意为: 今天天气怎样?),但是要注意它们的搭配不同: 即用 how 时不用like, 而用
13、 what 时要用 like。第二组易错句式为:It looks like rain (snow). / It looks like raining (snowing). 这两句话的含义也基本相同(意为: 看来好像要下雨 / 雪),注意在 look like 之后用名词形式 rain / snow 或动名词形式 raining / snowing 都可以。但不少人认为: 这里只能用名词形式而不能用动名词形式。这显然是一种误解。英国著名诗人雪莱(P. B. Shelly)在其名篇西风颂(Ode to the Wind) 的末尾有这样一句名句: If winter comes, can sprin
14、g be far behind? (如果冬天来了,春天还会遥远吗?),一些文化素养较好的人在谈论天气时,有时会引用此句。请看实例:A: Its freezing cold today. My hands are numb. 今天冷极了,我的手都冻僵了. B: It always gets cold after a snowfall. 下雪后总是很冷的。A: I missed the weather forecast this morning. What did it say? 今天早上我没听到天气预报,说了些什么?B: Cloudy, with a strong wind from the n
15、orthwest. The highest temperature during the day will be 5below zero. 今天多云,强西北风,白天最高气温是零下5度。A: What about tonight? 晚上呢?B: Itll drop to ten below. 会降到零下10度。A: It looks as if were in for a cold spell. I hate cold weather。看来好像会有一段寒潮,我讨厌寒冷天气。B: Dont get depressed. Dont forget If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 别沮丧,你别忘了“如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?”A: Yes, but winter stays too long and spring take sits time coming. 是呀,可是冬天对我来说太长了,而春天却珊珊来迟。