1、Unit 3Under the seaThe earths oceans can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres. That is deep enough to cover Mt. Qomolangma! The oceans are incredibly (不能相信地) large and contain several different habitats. To make it easier to describe the various parts of the oceans, marine (海洋的) scientists usually di
2、vide the oceans into five zones. Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much sunlight reaches it.Most of the life in the ocean can be found in the first zone, which begins at the surface and goes down about 200 metres. Because there is sunlight at this level, plants are able to grow. Marin
3、e animals such as dolphins, sharks, sea turtles and sea lions, and of course a variety of fish, live in the sunlit (阳光照射的) part of the ocean. It is difficult to hide from other animals in this area.The second zone starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 1,000 metres. Some sunlight can reach this
4、 level, but it is not enough for plants to grow. Because this zone is relatively dark, many of the creatures that live here are able to make light with their body. The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky with moving stars in it.The third zone of the ocean is dark. This place, ab
5、out 3,000 metres deep, may not seem a likely habitat, but there are more creatures here than one might think. Most of the animals that live here are black or red because of the lack of light.Below 4,000 metres, the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all. In fact, the zone is so da
6、rk and empty that scientists named this zone after the Greek word for “no bottom”. There is not much life to be found in this cold and unpleasant part of the ocean, but some small creatures still manage to survive here despite the high water pressure.The very deepest part of the ocean is found 2,000
7、 metres further down. At this depth, the water pressure is extremely high and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live here. Compared to the other zones, this one has very little life. Since there is no light here, some of the animals do not have eyes.Next time you look at the ocean fr
8、om the beach or on a map, remember that what you are seeing is only the surfaceonly the beginning of the large and varied adventure.开启快乐学习之旅海洋科学家通常把海洋分为五个区域，你知道海豚、鲨鱼、海龟等都在哪个区域吗？现在就让我们一起走进奇妙的海底世界吧！Unit 3Under the sea Section Warming Up Reading.重点单词1annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的；n. 年刊；年鉴annually adv. 每年；一年一次
9、地2witness vt. 当场见到；目击；n. 目击者；证人；证据3accommodation n. 住所；住宿accommodate v. 容纳；向提供住处4opposite prep. 在对面；adj. 相对的；相反的5pause vi. & n. 暂停；中止6flee vi. 逃避；逃跑；vt. 逃离7drag vt. 拖；拉；扯8depth n. 深(度)；深处deep adj. 深的；adv. 深地deeply adv. 深深地9urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策urgent adj. 紧急的10abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；废
10、弃的11relationship n. 关系；血缘关系；交往relation n. 关系；亲戚12conservation n. 保存；保护conserve v. 保存；保护.重点短语1sort_out整理；分类2in_time 及时3aim_at 瞄准；针对4in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时5hold_up 举起；支撑；耽搁6help (.) out 帮助()摆脱困境或危难.重点句式1when引导定语从句It_was_a_time_when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped th
11、e whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时候，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。2be about to do sth. 将要做某事This was the call that announced there was about to_be (be) a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。3see宾语宾补As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked (attack) by a p
12、ack of about six other killers.当我们靠近些时，我能看到一条鲸鱼正在被其他大约六条虎鲸袭击。4stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.；现在分词短语作伴随状语“.And those others are stopping it diving (dive) or fleeing (flee) out to sea，” George told me, pointing (point) towards the hunt.“而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃跑，”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。5现在分词短语作原因状语Being_badly_wound
13、ed,_the whale soon died.因为严重受伤，这条鲸鱼很快就死了。课文预读虎鲸老汤姆第14段译文1902年6月，我开始在捕鲸站里工作，那时我16岁。在此之前我曾经听说过虎鲸每年都帮助捕鲸人捕捉大鲸。当时我以为这只是个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过多次。有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一声巨响。我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。它黑白相间，样子像鱼，但我知道它并不是鱼。“那是老汤姆，是虎鲸。”一位叫乔治的捕鲸人高声对我说，“它是在告诉我们那边有一头鲸，叫我们去捕猎。”另外一位捕鲸人大声喊叫道：“快走啊走啊。”这是宣
14、告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。第56段译文“克兰西，快来，上船去。”乔治在我前面边跑边说。我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人。所以尽管我还没有穿上合适的衣服，就跟在他后面跑起来。一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。我朝水里望去，可以看到老汤姆就在渔船旁边游着，为我们指路。几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。第710段译文通过望远镜，我们可以看到远处有情况发生了。走近一看，原来是一头鲸受到一群约六头其他虎鲸的攻击。我问乔治：“它们在干什么呢？”“啊，它们在协同作战呢那些虎鲸正在往那头鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸，而其他那
15、些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃到海里去。”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。就在那时候，最精彩的场面出现了。虎鲸们在我们的渔船和那头鲸之间开始追逐了，就像一群发狂的猎狗一样。然后，猎鲸叉准备好了。站在船头的那个人把叉瞄准了那头鲸，扔了出去，恰好击中了要害。因为鲸受了重伤，没过多久就死了。过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。捕鲸人于是调转船头往回去。第1114段译文“怎么啦？” 我问道，“我们失去鲸了吗？”杰克回答说：“不，我们明天再回来运鲸的尸体。它在24小时左右是不会浮出水面的。”雷德笑着补充说：“在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食。”虽然老汤姆和其
16、他虎鲸都是凶恶的猎手，但是它们从来不伤害人，也不袭击人。事实上，它们还保护人。有一天，我们出海捕鲸的时候，詹姆斯被冲下水去了。乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”第1519段译文那天海上波涛汹涌，很难调转船头。海浪把詹姆斯冲得离我们越来越远。从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。随后我突然看到了一条鲨鱼。我尖叫起来：“瞧，那边有一条鲨鱼。”雷德回答说：“别着急，老汤姆不会让它靠近的。”我们花了半个多小时才把船调转过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。我几乎不相信自己的眼睛。当我们把詹姆斯拉上渔船的时候，大家都欢呼着
17、“老汤姆，好样的”，“感谢上帝”。之后老汤姆离开了，回到捕猎的地方，跟其他虎鲸一起捕鲸去了。课文理解.根据课文内容给下面的句子排序(5)Using a telescope we could see that something was happening.(6)The killers started racing between our boat and the whale.(1)Clancy arrived at the station.(8)The men started turning the boat around to go home.(2)Clancy heard a huge n
18、oise coming from the bay.(3)The whaler yelled out.(4)We jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.(7)The man in the bow of the boat aimed the harpoon at the whale.课文阅读理解1According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?AThey ran down to the shore and found an enorm
19、ous fish throwing itself out of the water.BTom couldnt tell whalers when he found a whale.CGeorge was a patient person.DGeorge could beat the water with his oar to call Old Tom.答案：D2According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?AThe killers like Old Tom are fierce yet always ready to hel
20、p the whalers.BThe writer didnt believe the killers could help the whalers catch whales before working at the whaling station.CThe whalers left the body of the whale eaten up by the killers.DIt was hard to handle the boat in the rough sea.答案：C3Why did the men start turning the boat around to go home
21、 after the whale died?ABecause they didnt need a dead whale.BBecause they couldnt find the whales body.CBecause they knew that the dead whale wouldnt float up to the surface for around 24 hours.DThey had to do this because it was too late.答案：C4What does the word “it” in the sentence “He let it go an
22、d the harpoon hit the spot.” refer to?AThe whale.BThe boat.CThe harpoon. DThe killer.答案：C5According to the text, the killer whales can protect men from being attacked by _.Awhales BtigersCenemies Dsharks答案：D.课文难句分析It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I
23、 saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.句式分析本句中and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句属于“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。在后一个并列分句中，when引导时间状语从句；saw James being firmly held up为“感官动词宾语宾补”结构。自主翻译我们花了半个多小时才让船回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。1 (教材P20)I thought, at the time, t
24、hat this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我亲眼见证过多次。(1)witness to.(to为介词) 证实，证明witness for 为作证be witnessed by 由证明(2)be a witness to 是的证据/证人bear/give witness to 做的证人，为作证即学即用(1)One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.这次事故的一个目击
25、者说司机看上去喝醉了。(2)Chinas rapid development in the last years has witnessed a powerful country.中国近几年的快速发展见证了中国是一个强大的国家。(3)Several people said they had_witnessed_the_attack/were_witnesses_to_the_attack.几个人说他们目击了这个袭击事件。(4)His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他身体好就是这种疗法成功的证明。(5)He wi
26、tnessed that the man was killed.他看见那个人被杀了。2 (教材P20)On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.有一天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理住处的时候，我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。(1)make/offer accommodations for为提供食宿arrange sbs accommodation 给某人安排住处(2)accommodate vt.
27、 向提供住处(或食宿)；容纳，招待住宿；供应，供给；使适应，使适合，调节适应accommodate sb.with 向提供即学即用(1)The travel agency has arranged our accommodations.旅行社已为我们安排了住宿。(2)I quickly needed to accommodate to the new schedule.我需要迅速适应新的时间表。(3)Thank you very much for making_accommodations_for me.非常感谢您为我提供膳宿。(4)We must accommodate_ourselves_
28、to new conditions.我们必须使自己适应新的情况。3 (教材P20)We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。(1)opposite prep.在的对面adj. 相对的，相反的adv. 在对面(be) opposite to 在对面；与相反on the opposite side of
29、在的对面(2)oppose vt. 反对(3)opposed adj. 反对的be opposed to. 反对(4)opposing adj. 对抗的即学即用(1)I thought the medicine would make him sleep, but it had the opposite effect.我认为这药会使他入睡，但效果完全相反。(2)The grocery store was on the opposite side of the street.杂货店在街对面。(3)Most of us are_opposed_to the new policy.我们中的很多人反对这
30、项新政策。(4)The opposing armies were already preparing for war.反对派的军队已经在备战了。4 (教材P20)Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。(1)pause to do sth.停下来去做某事pause for 停下来为(2)give sb.pause (for thought) 让某人停下来(仔细思考)without pause 不停即
31、学即用(1)After a brief pause, they continued climbing.他们略停了一下就继续爬山。(2)She paused her video to answer the phone.她停下录像机去接电话。(3)英汉互译His reply was delivered with scarcely a pause for breath.他的回答一气呵成，几乎没有停顿。她在门口驻足片刻，然后离开了。She paused at the door and then left.5 (教材P20)And those others are stopping it diving
32、or fleeing out to sea.而其他那些(虎鲸)则阻止它潜水或逃到海里去flee (from)从逃跑flee to/into 逃到flee in all directions/every direction 四处逃窜flee the responsibility 逃避责任即学即用(1)Tom was lucky to flee the burning hotel.汤姆很幸运地逃出了失火的旅馆。(2)He fled to London after an argument with his family.他与家人争吵后离家去了伦敦。(3)The guests watched as s
33、he fled_from the room.客人们看着她逃离了房间。(4)It is obvious that the young wanted to flee_the_responsibility.很明显，这个年轻人想逃避责任。6 (教材P20)Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。drag down使健康情况变坏；使道德水平或社会地位下降drag away 拖走drag up 提起(
34、不愿回忆或谈论的事)drag out 拖出来；(使)拖延drag on 使拖延；延长(声调、字眼等)易混辨析(1)pull“拉”，普通用词，指“用力拉”，当不强调力的大小时，与push相对。(2)draw与pull意思相近，不表力度、强度如何，通常指“拖、拉”的动作，比pull更均匀、平稳、从容。(3)drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”笨重的东西，含“费力和用劲”之意。语境助记即学即用(1)He grabbed her and dragged her away.他抓住她，把她拖走了。(2)If he fails, hell drag us all down with him.要是他失败了，他会使
35、我们大家连同他一起毁掉的。(3)He dragged himself out_of bed.他挣扎着起了床。(4)The party was so good that I couldnt drag myself away.聚会太开心了，我舍不得离开。(5)用drag，draw和pull的适当形式填空My brother dragged a heavy box out of a cupboard.They pulled hard，but the big rock remained immovable.Please draw the curtain across the window.7 (教材P
36、20)“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly.乔治大声催促道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”(1)urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb.urge on/upon sb.sth. 向某人极力陈述某事urge sb.into doing sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事urge that.(should)动词原形(用虚拟语气) 催促；极力主张(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的冲动(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的
37、(4)urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地温馨提示urge后跟从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，其中should可省略。与之用法相同的单词可用以下口诀表示：一坚持insist；二命令order, command；三建议suggest, advise, propose；四要求desire, demand, require, request。即学即用(1)They urged us to go at once.他们催促我们马上去。(2)I have a sudden urge to go to the countryside.我突然想到乡下去一趟。(3)The centr
38、al government urges_the_importance_of_safety_in production on local mines.中央政府向当地煤矿强调安全生产的重要性。(4)The government urged_the_citizens_to_help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.政府呼吁市民们帮助减少市区内的噪声和空气污染。(5)The public urge that smoking (should)_be_banned in public places for the sake of others
39、health.公众强烈要求为了他人的健康，在公共场所应禁止吸烟。(教材P21)From Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他害怕被我们遗弃。(1)abandon sth.放弃某物abandon oneself to 沉湎于(2)in/with abandon 放肆地；恣意地(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放荡的即学即用(1)Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of
40、pleasure.由于没有什么可担忧的，她沉溺于娱乐生活之中。(2)My dad abandoned smoking because of his poor health.因为身体不好，我的父亲戒烟了。(3)He abandoned_himself_to deep despair when the news came that his wife had been killed in a car accident.当他妻子因车祸丧生的消息传来时，他陷入了深深的绝望。(4)Ten days later, the boy abandoned_by_his_parents was adopted by
41、 an old man.十天后，这个被父母抛弃的男孩被一位老人收养了。1 stop.(from) doing. 阻止做(教材P20)“.And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea，” George told me.“而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃跑。”乔治告诉我。(1)prevent.(from) doing.阻止做keep.from doing. 阻止做(2)protect.from/against. 保护免受即学即用We should stop people (from) cutting down trees.
42、People should be stopped from cutting down trees by us.我们应该阻止人们砍树。Nothing can prevent us from reaching (reach) our aim.什么也挡不住我们实现自己的目标。Urgent business kept me from attending (attend) the meeting.我因为有急事，所以没有参加会议。You had better wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from/against the sun.你最好戴上太阳镜来保护眼睛免受太
43、阳伤害。名师点津“stop/prevent.(from) doing.”表示“阻止做”时。在主动语态句中from可省略，但在被动语态句中from不可省略。2 (教材P20)Well return tomorrow to bring in the body.我们明天再回来运鲸鱼的尸体。bring out取出；出版bring up 养育；培养；呕吐bring down 降低；打倒bring about 引起；导致bring forward 提出；提前即学即用The government plans to bring in new laws to force parents to take more
44、 responsibility for the education of their children.政府计划制定新法律来迫使父母对孩子的教育承担更多的责任。Science and technology has brought about many changes in our lives.科学技术给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。Though brought up in a big city, Bill always prefers to sing the songs of country life.尽管比尔在大城市抚养大，可是他却总是偏好唱一些与乡村生活相关的歌曲。3 (教材P21)What
45、evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?老汤姆帮助捕鲸人摆脱了危难，有什么证据吗？(1)help.with.帮助做help.(to) do. 帮助做cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help but do sth. 不得不做某事(2)with the help of 在的帮助下即学即用Every time I meet with difficulties, he helps me out.每次我遇到困难，他总是帮我脱困。The
46、y came to see him and helped him with his lessons after school.他们来看他并在放学后帮助他学习功课。The man was warmhearted. Every time he met with someone who was in trouble, he couldnt help doing (do) them a favour.这个男子很热心。每次他遇到有麻烦的人，他都禁不住帮他们。Sorry, I am too busy now, so I cant help (to)_clean (clean) the room.对不起，我
47、现在太忙，因此，我没法帮你清洁房间。It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸当时被称为“杀手”，帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。(1)在句型“It/That/There was a time when.”中，when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time(一段时间)。There was a time when
48、this kind of music was very popular.曾经有段时期，这种音乐很流行。(2)含有time的其他句型：句型谓语动词含义Its (high/about) time(that).did或should do是该做某事的时候了(属于虚拟语气的句型)Its时间段since从句一般过去式(到目前为止)做某事有多长时间了It was时间段since从句过去完成时(到过去某时间为止)做某事多长时间了续表句型谓语动词含义It is the first timethat从句现在完成时某人第一次It was the first time that从句过去完成时某人第一次It was (
49、not)时间段before从句一般过去式(没)过多久就It will (not) be时间段before从句一般现在式(没)过多久就It is five years since he smoked.他戒烟已有五年了。It is the first time that the President has_visited (visit) the country.这是这位总统第一次访问这个国家。 This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。(1)be about to后接动
50、词原形，意为“正要做某事；即将做某事”，习惯上不与具体的时间状语连用。Dont go out now; we are about to have lunch.现在不要出去了，马上我们就要吃午饭了。Be quiet. The film is about to start.安静，电影马上开始了。(2)be about to do sth.when.意为“正要做某事这时”。She was about to watch TV when the electricity was cut off.她刚要看电视，这时停电了。.单词拼写1The following months witnessed (见证了)
51、my efforts, and I finally made great progress in another important exam.2I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a weeks accommodation (住宿)3Despite some difficulties, were not going to abandon (放弃) our plan.4If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth (深度) an
52、d variety.5Alice had a desire to live better, so she found a parttime job. Meanwhile(与此同时), she tried to look beautiful and elegant.6As he got into the room, he paused (停顿) for a moment because he heard a strange noise.7Her son dragged (拉) me to his study and showed me his piles of books proudly.8Ou
53、r annual (每年的) English Festival, which wilI be held on June 1517, is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate.9I am not sure of the exact relationship (关系) between Kate and Mary. I think they are sisters.10In the meantime, those vol
54、unteers hold the opposite (相反的) view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on Mars.选词填空in the meantime, help (.) out, sort out, in depth, hear of, be about to, ahead of, aim at, bring in, abandon oneself to1First of all, newspapers can cover events in_depth.2The newcomers bri
55、ng_in new customs and new habits.3She spent an afternoon sorting_out her coins and stamps.4We finished the work several days ahead_of the deadline.5I was_about_to call up Mr Li when he came into the office.6Maybe I have heard_of the story before, but I can hardly remember it.7As an excellent shooter
56、 Peter practised aiming_at moving targets.8In_the_meantime I will spend a proper amount of time in reviewing the lessons.9He abandoned_himself_to playing computer games, which made his mother worried.10We think this is the opportunity for us youth to do a contribution to helping the victims out.补全句子
57、1He is my best friend, so when I am in trouble he will certainly help_me_out.他是我最好的朋友，因此，当我有麻烦时，他一定会帮我摆脱麻烦。2The past thirty years have_witnessed/seen_the_great_changes in China.过去的三十年目睹了中国的巨大变化。3Our teacher urges us to study hard/that we (should) study hard，as the exam is drawing near.我们的老师敦促我们努力学习，
58、因为考试就要来临了。4There stands an old school on the opposite side of/opposite the water supply company.自来水公司的对面是一所老学校。5Abandoning himself/Abandoned to sorrow，Steven just couldnt stop crying.沉湎于悲伤，史蒂芬只是无法停止哭泣。6The doctor should be here soon.In the meantime/Meanwhile，try to relax.医生应该很快来了，在此期间，尽量放松。7The fall
59、en trees are being dragged away and the traffic is dead on road.倒下来的树木正在被拖走，路上的交通现在瘫痪了。8In the depth of my memory, many things I did with my father still live.在我记忆的深处，我和父亲一起做过的事情依然鲜活。.翻译句子1那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。(when引导的定语从句)It was a time when many young people went to the countryside to get some traini
60、ng.2我们正要跳进河里去游泳，那时一个农民拦住了我们。(be about to do)We were about to dive into the river to swim when a farmer stopped us.3我无法忍受住在多雨的城市，即使它对我的皮肤有好处。(even though)I could not bear to live in a city with so much rain, even though/if it is good for my skin.4有人极力主张，图书馆应该在假期保持开放。(主语从句)It is urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation.5掌握好英文写作需要耐心和努力。(it作形式主语)It takes patience and hard work to master English writing.
