1、语法知识突破 第 一 部 分 专题三 定语从句 02 知 识 梳 理 03 高 效 演 练 栏目导航01 真 题 体 验 1(2017北京,31)The little problems_we meet in our daily livesmay be inspirations for great inventions.01 真 题 体 验 that/which解析:本题考查定语从句。句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小麻烦有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。题干中,The little problems是先行词,_we meet in ourdaily lives是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,因此用that/w
2、hich引导定语从句。2(2017天津,9)My eldest son,_work takes him all over the world,isin New York at the moment.whose解析:句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作让他走遍世界各地。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词son,空格处在从句中作定语修饰work,所以要用关系代词whose。3(2017江苏,28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,oneof_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.whose解析
3、:本题考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,这个组织的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。定语从句的先行词是the World FoodProgramme,与定语从句中的purposes是所属关系,即the World Food Programmespurposes,故填whose。4(2016北京卷,22)I live next door to a couple _ children often make alot of noise.whose解析:句意:我隔壁住着一对夫妻,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The_couples
4、 children often make a lot ofnoise.由此可见。先行词在定语从句中作定语,故答案为whose。5(2016天津卷,9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.when解析:句意:我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会更好。先行词为next week,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The weather may be better next_week.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。6(2016浙江卷,11)S
5、cientists have advanced many theories about why humanbeings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.which解析:句意:就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句后为:None of the_theorieshas been proved.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,且介词of已被提前,故答案为which。7(2016江苏卷,23)Many young people,most of _ were wel
6、leducated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.whom解析:句意:很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people,指人,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Mostof the young people were welleducated.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为whom。8(2015北京卷,24)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_you can hear somelovely music.where解析:句意:你们在对面的圣保
7、罗教堂能听到一些动听的音乐。先行词为St.Pauls Church,将先行词代入定语从句后为:You can hear some lovely music inSt.Pauls Church.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where。9(2015江苏卷,21)The number of smokers,_is reported,has droppedby 17 percent in just one year.as解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。先行词为整个主句的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填as。as is re
8、ported正如报道的那样。10(2015天津卷,15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easyatmosphere _his employees enjoy their work.where解析:句意:该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,在这种氛围中,他的员工们可以享受工作的乐趣。先行词为atmosphere,将先行词代入定语从句后为:His employees enjoy their work in the easy atmosphere.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where。11(2015安徽卷,28)S
9、ome experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_school education depends.which解析:句意:有些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为skill,将先行词代入定语从句后为:School education depends upon the fundamentalskill.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词upon的宾语;本句中介词upon已被提前,故答案为which。12 (2015 福 建 卷,34)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_shows
10、that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.which解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词为设空处前的一句话,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。13(2015湖南卷,29)It is a truly delightful place,_looks the same as itmust have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cotta
11、ges.which解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这真是一个令人愉快的地方,它看上去和100年前的样子一样,有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。先行词为place,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The place looks the same as.。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“事物”,故用which。14(2015陕西卷,15)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longingfor the time _he should be able to be independent.when解析:句意:作为家里最小的孩子,Alex总
12、是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为time,将先行词代入定语从句后为:He should be able to be independent at thetime.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。15(2015四川卷,3)The books on the desk,_covers are shiny,areprizes for us.whose解析:本题考查定语从句。句意:桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。先行词为the books,与从句中的covers为所属关系,故答案为whose。02 知 识 梳 理 定语从句先行词:就是定语从句所修饰的词。关系副词状语whe
13、n:Ill never forget the day when we met for the first time.where:This is the factory where his father works.why:The reason why he was late is that he got up late.关系代词主语、宾语、表语、定语who主语/宾语:The teacher who teaches us English is from England.whom宾语:The person whom you talked with just now is our maths tea
14、cher.whose定语:I have a friend whose father works in Britain.which主语/宾语/定语:Tom was late,which made Mr.Smith angry.that/主语/宾语/表语:This is the best film that I have ever seen.定语从句关系代词主语、宾语、表语、定语as1.当先行词前有the same,such,as等修饰时,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等2.引导限制性定语从句,意思是“正如,像”,位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中和句尾They could only read such
15、 stories as had been written insimple English.限制性定语从句:修饰或限制先行词,与先行词关系密切,之间无逗号;若去掉定语从句,意思不明确。非限制性定语从句:只是对先行词进行补充说明,与先行词之间通常有逗号;若去掉从句,意思依然完整。要点:1在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2在非限制性定语从句中,或者当先行词是指人的those,anyone,everyone,people,he,all,few,one(s)等时,不能用that引导。3以下情况下一般用that:(1)当先行词是指物的all,l
16、ittle,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,the one时,或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、最高级形容词及the only,the very等修饰时。(3)先行词包括人和物时。4当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等,且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时,就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外,when,where,why一般可用“介词which”替代,其中reaso
17、n后的why通常用for which替代。特别提醒:当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时,不一定填关系副词when,where,why,只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时,才用关系副词,否则要用关系代词。5当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时,这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于:(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后,而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常译作“这”;而as常译作“正如正像”,且多与see,expect,imagine,know,hope等动词连用。(3)在定语从句中作主语时,若用as,其谓语部分一般有be;若谓语是不含b
18、e的行为动词时,要用which。(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事,而which不受此限制。(5)as常用于固定搭配中:as is often the case(这是常有的事);as we expected(不出所料);as often happens(正如经常发生的那样);as is known to all(众所周知);ashas been said before(如上所述);as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的);等等。6关系代词和关系副词的比较引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外,它们还有一个最重要的作用,那就是它们分别在定语从句中作成分。具体地说,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此,在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分,若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语,那么必须用关系代词;若从句中缺状语,那么必须用关系副词。从句中的谓语动词决定了应该用关系代词和关系副词。谓语动词若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词或系表结构则视为句子成分完整要用关系副词或“介词关系代词”。03 高 效 演 练 谢谢观看