1、Global warmingBook 6 Unit 4晨背佳作 积累素材 话题词汇 1.environmentally friendly环保的 2.pollutant n.污染物 3.recycle v.回收 4.non-renewable adj.不可再生的 5.disastrous adj.灾难性的 6.alternative energy替代能源 7.endangered species濒危物种 8.limited natural resources有限的自然资源 9.global warming全球变暖 10.arouse peoples awareness of environmen
2、tal protection提高公众的环保意识 话题佳作 假设你所在的学校英语角要举行一次以“低碳环保生活”为主题的活动，用英语写一篇演讲稿，建议那些坐私家车上学的同学采取更加环保的交通方式上学。要点如下：1.私家车排放废气是空气污染的一个主要原因；2.建议大家骑自行车、乘坐公交车等公共交通工具上学；3.如果每个人都这样做，将是对环保极大的贡献。佳作欣赏 Boys and girls，the topic of my lecture is to go to school in an envir-onmentally friendly way.As we all know，automobile e
3、xhaust gases areconsidered one of the major sources which are poisoning the air badly.Sowe can choose an environmentally friendly way to go to school.That is tosay we should avoid taking a private car.Instead we should choose publictransport.If possible，we can ride a bike or take a bus to school.If
4、everyone of us follows the suggestions above，we are going to contribute a lotto the environment protection.名师点睛 本文是一篇演讲稿，以第一人称和一般现在时态为主。本文结构分为三部分：1.问候并交待演讲主题用环保的交通方式上学。2.围绕主题进行阐述：汽车尾气污染环境；可以使用绿色环保的方式上学来减少这种污染；可以乘坐公共交通工具或骑自行车上学。3.总结：号召大家绿色出行。本文中使用了定语从句、状语从句、省略句等。作者还注重运用了一些恰当的关联词语，如that is to say，inst
5、ead等，使文章过渡自然，衔接紧密。基础排查点拨要点语篇训练提升能力内容索引 教材升华 综合运用基础排查 点拨要点A.写作必记单词1.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(1)beto反对(to为介词)(2)Could it be the pattern that two things make，(相对于)three?(3)In Creation or Evolution，Michael Ebifegha examines these two(oppose)world views within the structure of empirical(实证的)science.(4)The
6、 present opposed(give)military aid to this country.重点单词 1 opposedas opposed toopposedgiving2.consequence n.后果；结果；影响 consequence(a consequence)结果 in consequence of(as a consequence of)由于的原因 beconsequence重要的 3.vt.陈述；说明 n.陈述，声明 4.adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的 inasofstatestatementsteady5.tendency n.倾向；趋势(1)v.趋向；易于；照顾
7、(2)tend.倾向于做 tendsb.照顾某人(3)Some think that a womans body cells(有 的倾向)age more slowly than a mans.(2016四川)tendto dotohave a tendency to6.average adj.平均的(1)/(the)average在平均水平以上/以下(2)The common cold is a good example：women，(平均)，get fewer colds than men.(2016四川)(3)Last year was the warmest year on recor
8、d，with global temperature0.68 above the average.去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均气温高0.68。(2015重庆)abovebelowon average7.n.污染；弄脏 vt.污染 8.circumstance n.环境；情况(1)no circumstances决不 any circumstances在任何情况下(2)Under no circumstances must you leave the house.你决不能离开房子。pollutionpollutein/underin/undercircumstance表示“情况，情
9、形，环境”等，通常用复数。用法点拨 9.n.教育家；教育工作者 vt.教育 n.教育 10.contribution n.贡献；稿件；捐赠物(1)v.贡献；投稿；有助于(2)contribute有助于；促使(3)Who(对做出巨大贡献)the civilrights movement in the U.S.？(2016全国)(4)Everyone on the team contributed to(win)the game.educatoreducateeducationcontributetomade a great contribution towinningB.阅读识记单词 11.co
10、nsume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 n.消费者；用户；消耗者 n.消耗(量)12.random adj.random 随机地；胡乱地 13.phenomenon n.n.现象(复数)consumerconsumptionatphenomena现象胡乱的；任意的14.subscribe vi.vt.(1)subscription n.(2)subscribe同意，赞成；订购；捐助 15.quantity n.数量；量(1)in(in large)大量(2)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water(p
11、ollute).同意；捐赠；订阅签署(文件)；捐助订阅费，订购toquantityquantitieshave been polluted“a quantity of名词”作主语，谓语动词的数原则上与其中的名词的数保持一致，但“quantities of名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。用法点拨 16.data n.资料；数据data作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。用法点拨 17.mild adj.18.range n.(1)一系列(2)Its(超出的范围)my ability.温和的；温柔的；淡的种类；范围a range ofbeyond/out of the range of19.g
12、lance vi.n.He must have sensed that I was looking at him.He suddenly glancedme and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”(填介词)(2015湖南)20.adj.分布广的；普遍的 21.existence n.existence现存；存在 comeexistence开始形成 看一下；扫视一瞥atwidespread生存；存在ininto22.advocate vt.n.The author writes the passage mainly to a
13、dvocate(teach)literature to touch the heart.拥护；提倡；主张拥护者，支持者，提倡者teachingadvocate后跟动词时用动名词形式。用法点拨 mitment mit vt.24.growth n.grow vt.&vi.25.electrical adj.electric adj.electronic adj.electricity n.26.casual adj.承诺；交托；信奉犯(罪/错)；承诺，保证；交托增长；生长种植，生长电的；与电有关的电的，用电操作的电子的电随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的27.refresh vt.(1)To have
14、your company exhibit such good service is unbelievably(refresh).(2)A hot bath is a great(refresh)after a days work.(3)I awoke feeling rested and(refresh).28.disagreement n.使恢复；使振作；使想起refreshingrefreshmentrefreshed分歧；不一致1.发生；造成 How doescome about that you were caught by the police？(填代词)高频短语 2come abo
15、utitcome about相当于happen或occur，均无被动形式。用法点拨 2.上升；增长；升起 3.导致 Hard work results in success.(同义句转换)Success resultshard work.4.即使 5.继续 go upresult infromeven ifkeep on6.大体上；基本上(1)a whole整体上；一般说来(2)On the whole，Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired.总体而言，Brooks的故事是可接受的，即使是缺乏创见的。(2015湖北)7.代表一方；作为的代言人 On
16、behalf of my school，I would like to express my feelings.代表我的学校，我想表达一下我的感想。(2016天津)8.忍受；容忍 9.等等；诸如此类 on the wholeason behalf ofput up withand so on1.that the earth is becoming warmer and that it ishuman activity that has caused this global warming rather than a ra-ndom but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正
17、变得更加暖和，并且全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。经典句式 3 There is no doubt2.the amount of carbon dioxide and othergreenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decadesor centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on，turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，
18、如果不用就把它关掉！Even if we start reducingso long as you are using itif notso long as(as long as)只要，引导条件状语从句。as long as还可译为“长达，和一样长，和一样长久”。(1)They believe I can succeed next time as long as I work harder.他们相信只要我更加努力学习下次我就能成功。(2)The desk is as long as five metres.这张桌子长达5米。用法点拨 4.from new materials，so，ifyou
19、can，buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料来制作物品要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。It takes a lot of energy to make things教材升华 综合运用.教材与语法填空 There is no doubt 1.the earth is becoming warmer but there is afierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this globalwarming 2.it is ju
20、st a natural phenomenon.Many scientists like Dr.Janice Foster believe that people have caused3.increase in the earths temperature by burning fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy whose byproducts 4.(call)“greenhouse”gases，the most important one 5.(be)carbon dioxide.thatorthear
21、e calledbeingThese gases trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth，without 6.the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsiuscooler 7.it is.But 8.(increase)amount of extra carbondioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmospherecausing the global temperature to go up.whi
22、chthanincreased9.the other hand，scientists like George Hambley believe thatany warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences andmore carbon dioxide is 10.(actual)a positive thing.Onactuallysuggestions.教材与短文改错 I am doing a project on behalf of my school about globalwarming.Sometimes I
23、felt that individuals can not have any effect at suchhuge environmental problems.Anyway，Im not sure where to start itwith my project.So I would love to get any suggestion.It is suggested thatwe took many measures.For example，we can buy things making fromrecycled materials.Planting trees is also good
24、 way.feelontakemadeaImportant，we can ask your family and friends to work together withus.We can get our parents to buy products that are made to save energy.Rememberingour contribution counts.ImportantlyourRemember.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于环保)1.不同的科学家对全球变暖有不同的看法。2.有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难。3.全球气温不断增长可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。4.其他科学
25、家反对这种观点，认为这种变暖会很温和。5.它不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用that引导的同位语从句，现在分词短语作状语。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Differentscientistshavedifferentopinionsonglobalwarming.Some scientists subscribe to the view that global warming willbe a catastrophe.The global temperature goes up steadily，whichresults in flo
26、ods，drought and famines.Others are opposed to this，saying the warming will be mild with no severe environmentalconsequences.语篇训练 提升能力.阅读理解.七选五.完形填空.阅读理解(2016湖南益阳箴言中学月考)Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker.Aftergraduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology，sh
27、ewent to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana.As part of her job，she conducted field research on toxic(poisonous)substances in the environment，often in minority communities locatednear large industrial polluters.She found many families were beingexposed to high，sometimes deadly levels
28、of chemicals and other toxicsubstances.But she was not allowed to make her information public.Frustrated by these restrictions，Subra left her job in 1981，created her own company and has devoted the past two decades tohelping people fight back against giant industrial polluters.She workswith families
29、 and community groups to conduct environmental tests，interpret test results，and organize for change.Because of her efforts，dozens of toxic sites across the country havebeen cleaned up.And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her“atop gun”for the environmental movement.How has Subra achieved all
30、this？Partly through her scientifictraining.Partly through her commitment to environmental justice.Butjust as important is her ability to communicate with people throughpublic speaking.“Public speaking，”she says，“is the primaryvehicle I use for reaching people.”If you had asked Subra before 1981“Do y
31、ou see yourself as a majorpublic speaker？”，she would have laughed at the idea.Yet today shegives more than one hundred presentations a year.Along the way，sheslectured at Harvard，testified before Congress，and addressed audie-nces in 40 states，as well as in Mexico，Canada，and Japan.细节理解题。根据第二段提到的“As pa
32、rt of her job，she conductedfield research on toxic(poisonous)substances in the environment，often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters.”故选C项。1.What did Wilma Subra study for her job before 1981?A.Chemistry and microbiology.B.Families affected by toxic chemicals.C.Toxic subs
33、tances in the environment.D.Minority communities near industrial polluters.答案 解析 12342.Why did Wilma Subra quit her job in 1981?A.She wanted to create her own company.B.She preferred freedom to restrictions.C.She hoped to work with families and communities.D.She was forbidden to inform the public of
34、 toxic pollution.答案 解析 123细节理解题。根据第二段的“But she was not allowed to make herinformation public.”及第三段第一句“Frustrated by these restrictions，Subra left her job in 1981.”可知选D项。43.Wilma Subra is called“a top gun”in the 4th paragraph for.A.her scientific training B.her efforts to fight against pollution C.he
35、r help in closing down dozens of toxic sites D.her strong belief in environmental justice 答案 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Because of her efforts，dozens of toxicsites across the country have been cleaned up.”因为她的努力，许多有毒地点得到清理，所以化工业的发言人称她为“a top gun”。故选B项。12344.What does Wilma Subra think of“public speaking”？A.S
36、he values it.B.She laughs at it.C.She is against it.D.She has no idea of it.答案 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段提到“Public speaking，she says，is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.”可知她非常重视演讲。故选A项。1234.七选五(2016甘肃庄浪四中模拟)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1By helpingthem develop classic skills t
37、hat will serve them well no matter what thefuture holds.答案 解析 D So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?根据空后的“By helping them develop classic skills that will serve themwell”可知，空白处应填询问方式的问句，因此选D。1.Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.2Ask kids，“Whatingredients(配
38、料)can we add to make these pancakes even better nexttime？”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make thepancakes better？What could we try next time?答案 解析 A Encourage kids to cook with you.根据该空后面提供的语境“What ingredients(配料)can we add to makethese pancakes even better next time？(下次我们可以添加什么配料来让这些薄煎
39、饼更好吃呢？)”可知，与cook有关，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。2.Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and createsomething new from it.3There are a dozen different things you can dowith them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go along way in helping them develop their creat
40、ivity.答案 解析 C We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.本段标题是“Creativity”。第一句说，真正的创造性就是用现存的材料创造出新东西的能力。所以下文应该是给孩子提供机会使他们尝试创新。故选C。3.Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We knowwhats going on inside our own head，but what about others？Beinga
41、ble to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping tofalse conclusions.4“Why do you think shes crying？”“Can youtell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were todo that to you，how would you feel？”答案 解析 F We can do this in real life or ask questions about char
42、acters in stories.由空后的几个问题可以判断出本空与F项中的ask questions 关系密切，且F项与上下文衔接自然，故选F。4.Self Expression 5There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your childis attracted by one more than another.答案 解析 G Being able to communicate ideas in a meanin
43、gful way is a valuable skill.本段标题是“Self Expression”。根据下句“有很多表达想法的方式”可知，本空选G，意为“能够用有意义的方式表达想法是一种珍贵的技巧”。A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet
44、exist?E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.完形填空(2016四川巴中市月考)Once upon a time，Margaret camehome from school with a
45、drawing in herhand and very big tears in her eyes.Shehad1a picture of Tippitys gardenwith flowers and a boy 2 it.draw画；buy买；borrow借；steal偷。她画了一幅有鲜花的Tippity花园的画。故选A。1.A.drawnB.bought C.borrowedD.stole 答案 解析(2016四川巴中市月考)Once upon a time，Margaret camehome from school with a drawing in herhand and very
46、big tears in her eyes.Shehad1a picture of Tippitys gardenwith flowers and a boy 2 it.benefit from受益于；speakhighly of称赞；make fun of取笑；be interested in对感兴趣。上文提到very big tearsin her eyes可知是由于男孩嘲笑她，所以她才感到委屈流泪。故选C。2.A.benefited fromB.spoken highly of C.made fun ofD.been interested in 答案 解析 “But it is good
47、，”said Marga-rets mother.“Lets3 it to Tippityand see what she thinks.”produce生产；sell 卖；prov-ide提供；show展示。句意为：让我们拿给Tippity看，看她怎样 想。此 处 指 把 画 展 示 给Tippity，故选D。3.A.produceB.sell C.provideD.show 答案 解析 Tippity looked at the picture and 4，“What a lovely drawing！add增加；cry哭喊；smile微笑；deny否认。Tippity在称赞这幅画时应该是
48、笑着说，故选C。4.A.addedB.cried C.smiledD.denied 答案 解析 You are a fine 5.”Margaret felt a littlebetter.“Itsapictureofyourgarden，”she said.actress女演员；student 学生；girl 女孩；artist画家，大师，艺术家。Tippity在称赞这幅画，所以说画的作者是画家，故选D。5.A.actressB.student C.girlD.artist 答案 解析 perfect完美的；attractive 吸引人的；terrible 糟糕的；unique独特的。因为男
49、孩在嘲笑这幅画，故选C。6.A.perfectB.attractive C.terribleD.unique 答案 解析“But a boy at school said it was 6.”hear听到；change改变；see看到；do做。由后面“to show peoplewhat we see”可知，此处是“我们都用不同的方式看事物”，选C。7.A.hearB.change C.seeD.do 答案 解析 “Nonsense！”said Tippitiy.“We all7things in different waysand we all find our own8to showpeo
50、ple what we see.direction方向；way方式，方法；pattern模式；answer答案。我们都用自己的方式向别人展示我们所 看 到 的。与 上 句 的 differentways呼应，故选B。8.A.directionsB.ways C.patternsD.answers 答案 解析 “Nonsense！”said Tippitiy.“We all7things in different waysand we all find our own8to showpeople what we see.different不同的；intelligent聪明的；good 好的；hu
51、morous幽默的。每个人都是不同的，艺术是为每个人的。根据句意选A。9.A.differentB.intelligent C.goodD.humorous 答案 解析 Everybody is9and art is foreverybody.”“Lets go to see UncleDot and Ill show you what I mean.”paint 绘 画；appreciate 欣 赏；take取得；watch看。Uncle Dot正在画一幅画，画中有两个渔夫正在船上工作。故选A。10.A.paintingB.appreciating C.takingD.watching 答案
52、 解析 Uncle Dot was10a picture oftwo fishermen who were working ontheir boat.stupid 愚蠢的；quiet 安静的；expensive昂贵的；nice好的。此处是Uncle Dot称赞Margaret的画，故选D。11.A.stupidB.quiet C.expensiveD.nice 答案 解析 “Well，this is11！”UncleDot studied the drawing and said，“Ilike the way you showed all the 12 inTrippitys garden，a
53、nd thats avery cheerful sun in the sky.Art is suchgreat 13，isnt it？”上文中提到a picture of Tippit-ys garden with flowers可知此处指花园里的花。选B。12.A.birdsB.flowers C.insectsD.grasses 答案 解析 “Well，this is11！”UncleDot studied the drawing and said，“Ilike the way you showed all the 12 inTrippitys garden，and thats avery
54、 cheerful sun in the sky.Art is suchgreat 13，isnt it？”power 力 量；influence 影 响；creation创造；fun乐趣。由下文中的“Everyone agreed that itwas great fun.”可知该空填fun。13.A.powerB.influence C.creationD.fun 答案 解析 “Well，this is11！”UncleDot studied the drawing and said，“Ilike the way you showed all the 12 inTrippitys gard
55、en，and thats avery cheerful sun in the sky.Art is suchgreat 13，isnt it？”work工作；chat聊天；draw 画；play玩。句意为：为什么大家不坐下来和我一起画一会呢？此处指一起画画。故选C。14.A.workB.chat C.drawD.play 答案 解析 Everyone agreed that it was greatfun.“Why dont all of us sit downand14 with me for a while？I havelots of art supplies.Use 15 you lik
56、e.”whatever无论什么；however无论怎样；whoever无论谁；wherever无论哪里。句意为：喜欢什么就用什么。根据句意选A。15.A.whateverB.however C.whoeverD.wherever 答案 解析 Everyone agreed that it was greatfun.“Why dont all of us sit downand14 with me for a while？I havelots of art supplies.Use 15 you like.”prepared准备好的；pleased高兴的；contented满足的；finishe
57、d结束了的。句意为：当画完后，他们都把画挂起来并后退几步看画。根据句意选D。16.A.preparedB.pleased C.contentedD.finished 答案 解析 When they were 16，they hungtheir picture up and stepped back tolook at them.Each piece was different.funny 有 趣 的；same 相 同 的；natural自然的；real真实的。句意为：每个人都看到了画中相同的事物：一艘船、两个渔民、大海、天空和太阳。此处指画中景物相同，故选B。17.A.funnyB.same
58、C.naturalD.real 答案 解析 Everyone had seen the17 things：aboat，two freshmen，the sea，the skyand the sun，18person drew thosethings in his or her own way.but 但是；and和，与；thus因此；so所以。前面讲每个人画的景物都是一样的，后面说每个人用自己的方式画这些景物，前后为转折关系，故选A。18.A.butB.and C.thusD.so 答案 解析 Everyone had seen the17 things：aboat，two freshmen，
59、the sea，the skyand the sun，18person drew thosethings in his or her own way.consider考虑；imagine想象；stop停止；enjoy欣赏。句意为：从那天起，Margaret和她母亲喜欢上了画画和各种艺术。故选D。19.A.consideredB.imagined C.stoppedD.enjoyed 答案 解析 “See？You are all artists！”saidUncle Dot.From that day on，Margaret and her mother 19 drawing and all k
60、inds of art.They didnt20whether othersthought their work was“good”ornot，because they knew that didntmatter at all.know 知道；care 在乎，关心；disappoint失望；dream梦想。句意为：她们不在乎别人认为她们的画是好还是坏，因为她们知道这没关系。根据句意选B。答案 解析 20.A.knowB.care C.disappointD.dream 以上语篇训练之 素材提炼再拓展.词汇拓展 1.conduct v.实施；执行；传导；引导；带领(1)conduct onese
61、lf举止；行为(2)To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look ata study(conduct)in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江)conducted2.curiosity n.好奇心 curiosity出于好奇 be curious对好奇 3.cheerful adj.令人愉快的；欢乐的，高兴的 cheer up振作起来；使高兴起来 cheer on鼓励；激励 out ofabout4.make.public把公开(1)I dont see how musical instrumen
62、ts can help improve manners(公开地；当众).(2015重庆)(2)The public(be)the best judge.in publicis/arethe public作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。用法点拨 5.along the way一路上，沿途 6.try out试验；试用 try试穿 try设法得到 onfor.句式升级 1.Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker.(同义句改写).Wilma Subra didnt intend to become a public sp
63、eaker.2.Because of her efforts，dozens of toxic sites across the country havebeen cleaned up.(改为such.that.句型).She made such great efforts that dozens of toxic sites across the countryhave been cleaned up3.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuableskill.(用it作形式主语改写)It is a valuable skill to be able to communicate ideas in a meaningfulway.
