1、北京市四中2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期中试题（含解析）（试卷满分140分，考试时间为120分钟）第一部分：知识运用（共三节，满分60分）第一节 听力理解（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，共30分）一共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分。听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What are they talking about?A. Animals. B. Sports. C. Habits.2. What will the
2、 man do this weekend?A. Work in his garden. B. Go to the barbeque. C. Go to the company.3. How does the man feel?A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Worried.4. When will the book be available to the writer?A. September. B. Next year. C. November.5. What is the woman doing?A. Giving an order. B. Asking for info
3、rmation. C. Making a request.二共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分。听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. Who used the car this morning?A. The son. B. The aunt. C. The mother.7. Where are the keys found?A. In the purse.
4、 B. In the pocket. C. In the drawer.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8. Which of the following is true about the man?A. He borrowed some money.B. He is caught in the traffic.C He will meet his teacher.9. How is the man going home?A. By train. B. By bus. C. By taxi.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What does the man want to buy?A.
5、 A camera. B. A mobile phone. C. A music player.11. Which of the following does the man choose?A. The PE310. B. The RT230. C. The FG160.12. How much does the man pay?A $300. B. $270. C. $100.听第9段材料,回答第13至15题。13. What is the woman?A. A dress designer. B. A basketball player. C. A headmaster.14. What
6、do we know about the mans travel plan?A. Hes going by air.B. Hes leaving for Paris.C. Hes arriving this afternoon.15. Who is going to pick up the man?A. The womans son. B. The womans brother. C. The woman herself.三共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分。听下面一段对话，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作
7、答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。Essay Competition InstructionsTopic: My Ideal CityQuestionsExamples or requirementsLocationNear the sea, by the (16) , or on an islandSizeDepending on Your own （17）FeaturesMountains to make it (18) , or the fastest train in the world(19)No less than three pointsPrize: a free trip to Eu
8、rope for a stay of two (20)第二节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront cafe on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in_1_air. Crowded. Tempers of both the tourists and waiters ha
9、d_2_to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment.At the table next to mine sat an attractive, well-dressed couple, waiting for _3_. They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed._4_they stood, picked up their metal table and stepped together off the edge of where they were sit
10、ting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped back for the two chairs. He politely _5_his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered.A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to set the table and take their_6_，
11、and then walked back to the loud cheers of the rest of his customers. Minutes later, he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without_7_, he went once more into the water to serve the wine. The couple toasted each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd _8_by cheering and throwi
12、ng flowers to them. Three other tables joined in to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter.One doesnt step into water in ones best summer clothes. Why not? Customers are not served in the sea. Why not? Sometimes one should consider _9_the line of convention and enjoy _10_ to
13、 the fullest.1. A. freshB. coolC. stillD. thin2. A. managedB. expectedC. attemptedD. risen3. A. cheersB. serviceC. attentionD. flowers4. A. SuddenlyB. ImpatientlyC. ReluctantlyD. Purposely5. A. ledB. seatedC. watchedD. received6. A. menuB. billC. foodD. order7. A. pausingB. restingC. askingD. hoping
14、8. A. insistedB. repliedC. agreedD. understood9. A. followingB. keepingC. limitingD. crossing10. A. mealB. wineC. lifeD. toast【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了在一个8月下旬的一个炎热夏日，作者在希腊一座岛上的一家海滨咖啡馆里寻找阴凉和一杯冷饮，天气炎热顾客和侍者都脾气不好，一对夫妇却选择将桌子放到了海水里，坐在海水里就餐，作者从中感悟到有时一个人应该考虑跨越
15、传统的界限，尽情享受生活。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：静止空气中温度超过100度。A. fresh新鲜的；B. cool凉爽的；C. still静止的；D. thin瘦的。根据上文“On a hot summer day in late August”可知天气炎热，因此此处为了强调炎热程度，形容静止空气中温度超过100度。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了应付这种局面，游客和侍者都发了脾气，使这里成了争吵的场所。A. managed设法；B. expected期待；C. attempted企图；D. risen升高。根据上文“Tempers of both the to
16、urists and waiters had”可知，天气炎热让游客和侍者的脾气都升高了。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我旁边的桌子上坐着一对漂亮、穿着考究的夫妇，正在等待服务。A. cheers欢呼；B. service服务；C. attention注意力；D. flowers花朵。根据上文可知作者他们是在一家餐厅里，因此这对夫妇是在等待着侍者的服务。故选B。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他们站了起来，拿起他们的金属桌子，一起从他们坐着的地方的边缘走下来，把桌子放在海水里。A. Suddenly突然；B. Impatiently不耐烦地；C. Reluctantly
17、不情愿地；D. Purposely故意地。根据后文“they stood, picked up their metal table and stepped together off the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water.”可知这对夫妇本来在等待服务，结果突然站了起来。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他礼貌地让他的夫人坐在齐膝深的水里，然后自己也坐了下来。 A. led领导；B. seated就座；C. watched观看；D. received收到。根据后文“his lady
18、in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself”指丈夫让夫人在齐膝深的水里就座。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他停了一会儿，走到水里摆好桌子，点了菜，然后回到其他顾客的欢呼声中。 A. menu菜单；B. bill账单；C. food食物；D. order订单。根据上文“A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to set the table and take their”可知服务员是来给夫妇点餐的。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义
19、辨析。句意：他不假思索地又一次下水去倒酒。A. pausing暂停；B. resting休息；C. asking询问；D. hoping希望。上文“Minutes later, he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses.”提到服务员拿了一瓶酒和两个杯子过来，后文“he went once more into the water to serve the wine”提到他倒酒，可见他没有停下来，直接下去倒酒了。故选A。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们欢呼着向他们投掷鲜花作为回应。A. insisted坚持；B. repli
20、ed回答；C. agreed同意；D. understood理解。根据上文“The couple toasted each other, the waiter and the crowd.”可知夫妇给所有人祝酒，因此人们欢呼着回应他们。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时一个人应该考虑跨越传统的界限，尽情享受生活。A. following跟随；B. keeping保持；C. limiting限制；D. crossing跨越，穿过。根据后文“the line of convention”指跨越传统界限，cross符合语境。故选D。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时一个人应该考
21、虑跨越传统的界限，尽情享受生活。A. meal一餐；B. wine酒；C. life生活；D. toast干杯。根据后文“to the fullest”以及上文讲述的这对夫妇故事，可知这里作者是指要尽情享受生活。故选C。第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）A阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。From picture-perfect beaches to mountains, wildlife and iconic structures, New South Wales, Australi
22、a, offers plenty to enjoy. This beautiful state, _11_ (locate) on Australias breathtaking eastern coast, boasts more than 5 million people. No trip to Sydney would be complete without a visit to Australias most famous landmark, the Sydney Opera House._12_ (it)unique appearance was designed to resemb
23、le a ships sails, _13_ is recognized by people all over the world. In 2007, the structure _14_ (declare)a World Heritage Site.【答案】11. located 12. Its 13. which 14. was declared【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州的人文地理等景观。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个美丽的州位于澳大利亚令人叹为观止的东海岸，拥有500多万人口。短语be located on表示“位于”，此处省略be动词，
24、用过去分词作状语。故填located。【12题详解】考查代词。句意：它独特的外观被设计成类似船帆的样子，这被全世界的人们所认可。修饰后文名词appearance应用形容词性物主代词its，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Its。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它独特的外观被设计成类似船帆的样子，这被全世界的人们所认可。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【14题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：2007年，该建筑被宣布为世界遗产。根据上文“In 2007”可知应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，
25、为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the structure，谓语用单数。故填was declared。B阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Paper cutting _15_ (date) back to the sixth century. Chinese women would cut shapes from gold and silver foil to paste to their hair. Families later adopted the tradition of putting paper c
26、uttings on gates and windows_16_ special days. Eventually, red paper cuttings became a way to express happy feelings and well wishes. No matter how simple and _17_(complicate) the design is, paper cutting remains a beloved Chinese craft. The next time you see a paper cutting, take a moment to apprec
27、iate it.【答案】15. dates 16. on 17. complicated【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剪纸的历史、寓意以及受中国人的喜爱程度。【15题详解】考查时态。句意：剪纸可以追溯到6世纪。此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Paper cutting，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。16题详解】考查介词。句意：后来，家家户户都采用了在特殊日子把剪纸贴在门窗上的传统。根据后文“special days”表示在具体某天应用介词on。故填on。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：无论设计多么简单或复杂，剪纸仍然是深受中国人喜爱的工艺。表示“复杂的”，作表
28、语应用形容词complicated作表语。故填complicated。C阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chinas economy will witness major improvement in the next five years, as _18_(reform) for sustainable development are underway based on the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the long-range objectives
29、 through 2035, Tsinghua University economist Li Daokui said at a recent forum, Economic Information Daily reported. Innovation development, industrial transformation, _19_ (region) distribution optimization, coordinating development and security, green and low-carbon development and peoples well-bei
30、ng are the six major highlights of the plan, Li said, _20_ (add) six major changes are expected to occur during the period.【答案】18. reforms 19. regional 20. adding【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要是关于清华大学经济学家李稻奎就中国经济未来五年的变革进行了说明。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：据经济参考报报道，清华大学经济学家李稻奎在最近的一次论坛上表示，中国经济在未来5年将有重大改善，因为可持续发展的改革正在按照第十四个五年规划
31、纲要和到2035年的长期目标进行。此处作从句主语，表示“改革”应用名词reform，结合后文are可知用复数。故填reforms。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：李说，创新发展、产业转型、区域分布优化、协调发展与安全、绿色低碳发展和人民福祉是该计划的六大亮点，并补充说在此期间预计将发生六大变化。修饰后文名词短语distribution optimization，应用形容词regional，作定语。故填regional。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：李说，创新发展、产业转型、区域分布优化、协调发展与安全、绿色低碳发展和人民福祉是该计划的六大亮点，并补充说在此期间预计将发生六大变化。分析句子
32、结构可知add在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Li构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填adding。第二部分；阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节 阅读理解(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Tropical Paradise HolidayWelcome to St. Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury four-st
33、ar hotel. The cost of your flight is included in the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All flights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning.The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfron
34、t, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.The Rain Forest Adventure HolidayEvery year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a t
35、ropical rain forest. You may have a choice of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.You will fly to our special base camps at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wil
36、dlife.Then you take a bus into the forest. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.Remember that these adventure holidays take
37、you deep into the wilderness, and they are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early!21. Choosing the Tropical Paradise Holi
38、day, travellers can enjoy _.A. a welcome partyB. beautiful ocean viewsC. different indoor activitiesD. free membership of the golf club22. What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday?A. People loving water sports.B. People travelling with children.C. People preferring comfortabl
39、e hotels.D. People concerned with environment and wildlife.23. Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays?A. Price.B. Transportation.C. Reservation.D. Departure time.【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。你想去海边享受美景吗？你想去热带雨林探险吗？那就来瞧瞧这两则关于旅行的广告吧热带天堂假日游和热带雨林冒险。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Welcome to St.
40、 Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America.可知，其坐落在Latin America的海边上，再由第二段第一句The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views可知，热带天堂假日可以观赏到美丽的海景。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据题干关键词the rain forest holiday找到文章对应部分The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的
41、第三段的You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife可知，应该是关注环境和野生动物的人们去野营。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章The Tropical Paradise Holiday部分和The Rain
42、Forest Adventure Holiday都提到的是flight，这两段都提到交通方式。故选B。BI left home to support my sister in her efforts to present a music festival. She lives on the other side of the world, and I went to visit her, not wanting to leave and feeling like I was leaving home against my will. However, I wanted to show her
43、my support because she is my only sister.So I boarded the plane in mid-August, and hated the long flight. I arrived, tired and hungry. I had left my husband of 2 years, alone, in our old New Orleans house.I was all set and ready to perform for my sister for the music festival on Sunday morning when
44、I received a call from Chicago. The hurricane was predicted to hit our city, and many people had already evacuated, but my husband chose to stay behind. He could not get a call to me on the other side of the world, but he could call his cousin in Chicago. He gave his cousin a message for me, that he
45、 would be just fine, and not to worry.As the day wore on, I finally took the stage in front of hundreds of Europeans, and I realized, thanks to CNN, that New Orleans was under water.I performed, hoping that my husband would survive. And I performed perfectly. The audience stood and applauded. I left
46、 the stage and went straight to the TV. I saw the street sign near my home, of Humanity Street, but nothing below it except water.In the days that followed, I found out that my house, my car, my clothes, my furniture, everything that Id left behind was gone but not my husband. He survived by riding
47、on the rear bumper of a VW bus, holding on to the overhead luggage rack, in the pouring rain, down the highway from New Orleans, half-way to Baton Rouge. The rest of the journey was a long walk, but he survived.By the first week of September, I flew back to the Baton Rouge airport, and hugged my hus
48、band. Since then, our relationship has grown deeper; we have completely rebuilt our house, bought a new car, bought new furniture and new clothes and joined an inspirational, spirit-filled community.24. How did the author feel when she left home?A. Disappointed.B. Worried.C. Tired.D. Unwilling.25. W
49、hat does the underlined word evacuated mean?A. Gathered.B. Struggled.C. Escaped.D. Hid.26. What might be the title for the passage?A. Lost It All, Gained Even MoreB. Once Gone, Never ReturnedC. Caught in the HurricaneD. Trapped in a Dilemma【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者离开家帮助妹妹的音乐节，在此期间
50、作者所在的城市遭遇到飓风的袭击，她家里的东西都损失了，幸好丈夫幸存下来，他们重建了家园，而且感情更好了。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“She lives on the other side of the world, and I went to visit her, not wanting to leave and feeling like I was leaving home against my will.(她住在世界的另一边，我去看望她，不想离开，感觉像是违背了自己的意愿离开了家)”可知，作者在离开家的时候是不愿意的。故选D。25题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The hu
51、rricane was predicted to hit our city, and many people had already”以及后文“but my husband chose to stay behind”可知，据预测，飓风将袭击作者他们所在的城市，许多人evacuated，但作者的丈夫选择留下。结合but表示转折意义可知，其他人和作者丈夫的做法相反，由此可知他们逃离了，故画线词的意思是“逃离”。A. Gathered.聚集；B. Struggled.奋斗；C. Escaped.逃走；D. Hid.隐藏。故选C。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“By the first wee
52、k of September, I flew back to the Baton Rouge airport, and hugged my husband. Since then, our relationship has grown deeper; we have completely rebuilt our house, bought a new car, bought new furniture and new clothes and joined an inspirational, spirit-filled community.( 9月的第一个星期，我飞回巴吞鲁日机场，拥抱了我的丈夫
53、。从那以后，我们的关系加深了；我们已经完全重建了我们的房子，买了一辆新车，买了新家具和新衣服，并加入了一个鼓舞人心、振奋精神的社区)”结合文章叙述了作者离开家帮助妹妹的音乐节，在此期间作者所在的城市遭遇到飓风的袭击，她家里的东西都损失了，幸好丈夫幸存下来，他们重建了家园，而且感情更好了。可知，A选项“失去了一切，得到了更多”最符合文章标题。故选A。CLight is a complex phenomenon classically explained with a simple model based on rays and wavefronts. Many of the aspects of
54、 light have been explored, but few people notice them happening in their real lives. For example, most of us observe some type of optical interference almost daily, but usually dont realize the events in play behind the ever-changing display of colors produced when light waves interfere with each ot
55、her. One of the best examples of interference is shown by the light reflected from a film of oil floating on water. Another example is the thin film of a soap bubble, which reflects a series of light with beautiful colors when shined by natural or man-made light sources. Electromagnetic radiation(电磁
56、辐射）, the larger family of wave-like phenomena to which visible light belongs, is the primary vehicle transporting energy through the vast reaches of the universe. The means by which visible light is sent out or absorbed, and how it predictably reacts under different conditions as it travels through
57、space and the atmosphere, form the basis of the existence of color in our universe. The human eye is sensitive to a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers(纳米），commonly known as the visible light spectrum, which is the only source of color.
58、When combined, all of the wavelengths present in visible light form colorless white light. Red, green, and blue colors are classically considered the primary colors because they are fundamental to human vision. Light is observed as white by humans when our eyes are affected by equal amounts of red,
59、green, and blue light at the same time. The concept of color temperature is of great importance in photography and digital imaging, regardless of whether the image capture device is a camera or a microscope. A lack of proper color temperature balance between the microscope light source and the image
60、 sensor is the most common reason for unexpected color shifts in photomicrography(显微照相术）and digital imaging. If the color temperature of the light source is too low for the film, photomicrographs will have an overall yellowish or reddish cast and will appear warm. On the other hand, when the color t
61、emperature of the light source is too high for the film, photomicrographs will have a blue cast and will appear cool. As problematic as these color shifts may seem, theyre always easily corrected by the proper use of conversion and light balancing filters(滤光器）。27. Which of the following is right acc
62、ording to the 1st paragraph of the passage?A. Most of us arent explicit about how colors are produced.B. Light is classically defined in terms of rays and wavefronts.C. People can understand optical interference by watching films.D. Shined by natural or man-made light sources, films reflect a series
63、 of light.28. What can we learn about electromagnetic radiation?A. It moves in a straight line.B. Color originates from it.C. Green lights are not part of it.D. Its wavelength cant be 500 nanometers.29. The color shifts on photomicrographs_.A are difficult to get right once formedB. are caused by th
64、e high colors more oftenC. prove that how important the color temperature is in imagingD. are caused by the high color temperature of the light source30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Light and imagingB. Light and colorC. Light and temperatureD. Light and radiatio
65、n【答案】27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文从两个方面说明了光和颜色的关系以此说明颜色是如何产生的。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句For example, most of us observe some type of optical interference almost daily, but usually dont realize the events in play behind the ever-changing display of colors produced when light waves interfere wi
66、th each other.(我们大多数人几乎每天都能观察到某种类型的光干涉，但通常并没有意识到当光波相互干扰时所产生的不断变化的颜色显示背后所发生的事件。)可知我们大多数人都不清楚颜色是如何产生的。故选A项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句The human eye is sensitive to a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers, commonly known as the visible light spectr
67、um, which is the only source of color.(人眼对波长在400到700纳米之间的电磁辐射很敏感，通常被称为可见光光谱，这是唯一的颜色来源。)可知，颜色来源于电磁辐射。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句A lack of proper color temperature balance between the microscope light source and the image sensor is the most common reason for unexpected color shifts in photomicrography
68、and digital imaging.(显微镜光源和图像传感器之间缺乏适当的色温平衡是造成显微摄影和数字成像中意外颜色变化的最常见原因。)可知，色移的产生主要是由于光源色温与图像传感器色温之间的失衡造成的，由此可判断，色温在物体成像的过程中扮演着很重要的角色。故选C项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的For example, most of ususually dont realize the events in play behind the ever-changing display of colors produced when light waves interfere wi
69、th each other.可知我们大多数人通常没有意识到当光波相互干扰时，在不断变化的颜色显示背后所起的作用。根据第二段中的The human eye is sensitive to a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers.which is the only source of color.可判断，颜色来源于电磁辐射。根据第三段中的A lack of proper color temperature balance between
70、the microscope light source and the image sensor is the most common reason for unexpected color shifts in photomicrography and digital imaging.可知，颜色的产生主要是由于光源色温与图像传感器色温之间的失衡造成的。文章的三段虽然是独立的三个部分，但全部都围绕着光与色彩的关系展开。因此，B项（光和颜色）作为文章标题最为恰当。故选B项。DThere will be days when you do not have much to do. Perhaps be
71、cause you are waiting for someone else in a different department or a different company to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see you hard at work and, more important. they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.S
72、ome of this may he a self-perpetuating(白生自存）cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is
73、 easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees performance, use time in the office as an alternative.The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you work hard to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking
74、around purposefully with a notebook or clipboard and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-cheat that this pretence is actual work.But presenteeism(出勤）has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this
75、can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. To take one example, research published in the British Medical Journal found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three ti
76、mes more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?None of this is to say that employers havent the right to expect worker
77、s to be in the office for an acceptable proportion of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some(preferably short)meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their n
78、eeds.But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office. Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are au
79、tomated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.31. Why do employees still stay at their desk after work?A. To keep their bosses company.B. To get more overtime allowance.C. To put extra efforts into their work.D. To give their bosses a good impression.32. One of
80、the consequences of presenteeism is that_?A. employers will pay workers higher wagesB. workers will suffer physically and mentallyC. workers will perform their job more efficientlyD. the effort put in by workers will finally pay off33. Working in the office for some time can help_?A. build better so
81、cial bondsB. bring bosses more profitsC. organize a meeting efficientlyD. satisfy workers material needs34. What would the author probably agree with?A. Presenteeism cant help develop creativity.B. Absence from work reduces productivity.C. Presence at work will be more joyful.D. Technology makes lif
82、e puzzling.【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了公司员工下班后被迫加班的原因，以及被迫加班的不良结果。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第1段As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see you hard at work and, more important, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy可知，下班后你不回去，
83、努力让自己忙起来。不止是忙给自己看的，更重要的是忙给他们看。根据下文，“他们”指的就是“老板”。同时根据第2段Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort可知，员工得不到提薪和升职，如果他们没有被老板看到尽最大的努力的话。综合分析可推知，下班后员工继续加班是为给老板留下好印象的。故选D项。【32题详解】细节理解题。文章第3段和第4段提到的结果包括了：wasted effort（浪费精力）；collecti
84、ve self-cheat（集体自我欺骗）；reducing productivity,（减少效率）；increase medical expenses（增加员工医疗成本）；同时根据第4段As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work可知，员工更有可能经历更大的痛苦，并患上抑郁症。综合分析，故选
85、B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第5段Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs可知，在办公司面对面办公有诸多好处，包括会产生一种信任和友谊的感觉，有利于有益的思想交流，也能让员工更好地了解自己的需求，建立更好的社会联系。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Turing an
86、 office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh可知，作者认为：把办公室当作监狱，把员工当作犯人。对创造性毫无帮助。故选A项。第二节 七选
87、五（共5小题；每小题 2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Time for a BrainstormA brainstorm is a session where a small group of people come together to solve a problem. People voice spontaneous ideas, sometimes just shouting, and a note-taker writes them all down._35_By getting different ideas o
88、ut there, ideas are said to bounce off each other and even can help solve the problem at hand. Brainstorming is often a group exercise but individuals can also conduct personal brainstorms._36_He defined it as using the brain to storm a creative problem and do so in commando (突击队）fashion, with each
89、stormer attacking the same objective. According to him, it was easier to tone down a wild idea than think up a new one. He placed importance on the collection of as many ideas as possible and dismissed scientific thinking.Brainstorming has become one of the most popular ways to solve problems and ho
90、ld discussion in schools and businesses. Many students brainstorm for a group assignment or even for a personal essay. Sarah Grace, 24, is an Australian marketing analyst and uses brainstorming during all her creative duties. She thinks brainstorming is the best way to work as a team. The sessions g
91、et everyone on the same page, everyone moving together and with a clear understanding about the foundations of an event or idea._37_.However, a big problem with brainstorming is creating a mess that leads people further away from a solution. _38_If you dont have a strong moderator or leader of the b
92、rainstorm, can go really off track, and people just start discussing something totally different. Brainstorming can sometimes confuse the human brain._39_If you brainstorm too much and your page is filled up with all the messy links, you can paint yourself into a bit of comer and get trapped with id
93、eas.You need to move past brainstorming as soon as you have something workable.A. The ideas can be smart, strange or crazy.B. It is caused by a lack of direction from a leader.C. Brainstorming really helps her organize her thoughts.D. Brainstorming really is the best way to build team spirit.E. It c
94、an open too many doors and not suggest a clear direction.F. Brainstorms were popularized in the 1940s by American advertising boss Alex Osborn.G. They can be words; phrases, paragraphs and anything that can help answer the question.【答案】35. A 36. F 37. D 38. B 39. E【解析】【分析】文章讲述了什么是brainstorm（头脑风暴）、其创
95、始人、具体应用和缺点。【35题详解】A上文“People voice spontaneous ideas, sometimes just shouting, and a note-taker writes them all down.”介绍什么是brainstorm，人们畅所欲言然后有人把这些观点都记录下来。围绕ideas来写，说出ideas，记录ideas， A项：这些想法可能是聪明的、奇怪的或疯狂的。与上文的ideas一致，故选A。【36题详解】F根据下文“He defined it as using the brain to storm a creative problem and do
96、 so in commando (突击队）fashion, with each stormer attacking the same objective. ”中的He及他的做法和it was easier to tone down a wild idea than think up a new one可知本段在介绍使brainstorm普及的人，F项提出此人是美国广告公司老板Alex Osborn，下文中的He指代的就是F项中的Alex Osborn，故选F。【37题详解】D根据上文“Brainstorming has become one of the most popular ways t
97、o solve problems and hold discussion in schools and businesses. ”可知，本段讲brainstorm在学校和生意上的运用，它是the best way to work as a team强调其合作和团队精神，与D项中build team spirit一致，符合本段内容，故选D。【38题详解】B上文“a big problem with brainstorming is creating a mess that leads people further away from a solution. ”在讲brainstorm的一个缺点，
98、会给人们造成混乱，远离解决方案，B项：这是由缺乏方向的领导者造成的，指出了其原因，故选B。【39题详解】E上文“Brainstorming can sometimes confuse the human brain.”在讲brainstorm的另一个缺点，会使大脑困惑。E项：它可能会涉及许多方面而不能给出明确的方向，是这一缺点的具体表现。故选E。第三部分：书面表达（共三节，满分42分）第一节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。accurate apply mystery oppose consciouslocate compar
99、e believe participate official40. He has always been an active _ in the discussion.41. You cant make a _ between American and Japanese schools theyre too different.42. _ is of great importance in translation.43. The hotel is in a lovely _ overlooking the lake.44. The proposed new examination system
100、has been vigorously _ by people.45. Have you filled in the _ form for your passport yet?46. The school wont be _ open until next month.47. He was being very _, and wouldnt tell me what he was up to.48. It is my _ that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.49. She was hit on the head b
101、y a stone, which left her_.【答案】40. participant 41. comparison 42. Accuracy 43. location 44. opposed 45. application 46. officially 47. mysterious 48. belief 49. unconscious【解析】【分析】【40题详解】考查名词。句意：他一直是讨论的积极参与者。根据后文“in the discussion”以及句意“参与者”可知应填名词participant，作表语，上文冠词an提示应用单数。故填participant。【41题详解】考查名词
102、。句意：你不能把美国的学校和日本的学校作比较它们太不一样了。根据后文“between American and Japanese schools theyre too different”以及句意“作比较”可知应填名词，作宾语，冠词a提示应用单数。故填comparison。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：准确性在翻译中至关重要。根据后文“is of great importance in translation”以及句意“准确性”可知应填名词accuracy，作主语，表抽象概念，不可数。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Accuracy。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：这家旅馆位置很好，可以俯瞰湖。根据后
103、文“overlooking the lake”以及句意“位置”，可知应填名词location，作宾语，冠词a提示用单数。故填location。【44题详解】考查动词。句意：提出的新的考试制度受到人们的强烈反对。根据上文“The proposed new examination system has been vigorously”以及句意“反对”可知应填动词oppose，作谓语，结合上文可知为现在完成时的被动语态，应用该词的过去分词形式。故填opposed。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：你填好护照申请表了吗？根据后文“form for your passport yet”以及句意“申请”可知应
104、填名词application，作定语修饰名词form。故填application。【46题详解】考查副词。句意：学校要到下个月才正式开学。根据后文“open until next month”以及句意“正式地”，可知应填副词officially，作状语。故填officially。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：他很神秘，不肯告诉我他在做什么。根据后文“and wouldnt tell me what he was up to”以及句意“神秘的”可知应填形容词mysterious，作表语。故填mysterious。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：我相信我们会在未来十年找到治愈癌症的方法。根据后文“
105、that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years”以及句意“相信，信念”可知应填名词belief，作表语。故填belief。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：她被一块石头击中头部，使她失去了意识。根据上文“She was hit on the head by a stone, which left her”以及句意“意识”，可知应填形容词unconscious，作宾补。故填unconscious。第二节 阅读表达 (共4小题:第1、2题各2分,第3题3分,第4题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。People se
106、lect news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.News of the first k
107、ind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little st
108、ory of children or dogs.News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, an
109、d cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually
110、 withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for
111、its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of accident or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only
112、 the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds
113、of reward.50. What is the difference between immediate reward and delayed reward?51. Please list two examples of news with threat value.52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.While the division of categories holds in general, for each indi
114、vidual, the boundaries of immediate reward and delayed reward are firmly fixed.【答案】50. The former pays its rewards at once while the latter pays its rewards later. 51. The threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt. 52. While the division of categories holds in general, for each indiv
115、idual, the boundaries of immediate reward and delayed reward are firmly fixed.According to the passage, the boundaries are not stable.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新闻的类型“即时奖励”和“延迟奖励”，介绍了它们各自的特点和相同点。【50题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中“News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.(第一类消息会立即得到回报)”以及第三段中“News of the second
116、 kind, however, pays its rewards later.(然而，第二类新闻在以后才会得到回报)”可知，“即时奖励”和“延迟奖励”的区别是前者立即支付得到回报，而后者稍后得到回报。故答案为The former pays its rewards at once while the latter pays its rewards later.【51题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance as, for example, when he r
117、eads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.(它有时要求读者忍受不愉快或烦恼例如，当他读到威胁的外交形势、不断增加的国家债务、增加的税收、下跌的市场、稀缺的住房和癌症。它有一种“威胁价值”。阅读它是为了
118、让读者了解和准备)”可知，两个带有“威胁值”的新闻例子有：危险的外交形势和不断增加的国家债务。故答案为The threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt.【52题详解】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.(当然，对于任何个人来说，这两类的界限都不是稳定的)”可知，“虽然类别的划分是普遍的，但对于每个人来说，即时奖励和延迟奖励的界限是固定的”这句话中，“即时奖励和延迟奖
119、励的界限是固定的”不正确，界限是不稳定的，故划线部分为“delayed reward are firmly fixed”，理由是界限是不稳定的。第三节 应用文（共20分）53. 假如你是高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国传统医学(Traditional Chinese Medicine)感兴趣，请你写信介绍：1中国传统医学基本情况；2你或他人的治疗体验；3对中国传统医学发展的看法。注意：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim, Its great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing yo
120、ur interest in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has been around for thousands of years, and doctors use various practices together with herbal medicine to address health problems. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. In the most recent battle against
121、COVID-19, Traditional Chinese medicine has proved its effectiveness in boosting peoples immune system, relieving disease symptoms and preventing mild symptoms from getting worse. Compared with the western medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine has a more reasonable price that ordinary people can aff
122、ord. I think in the future, Traditional Chinese Medicine will be the mainstream in the health services in China. And our country should invest more money on the development on Traditional Chinese Medicine.Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书
123、面表达属于应用文，你的英国朋友Jim对中国传统医学(Traditional Chinese Medicine)感兴趣，要求考生写信介绍。【详解】词汇积累各种各样的：various a wide range of繁荣：prosperity boom阻止：preventfrom stopfrom有效性：effectiveness significance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句： It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China.拓展句：It has made great contributions to the prosp
124、erity of China, which is of great importance to Chinese culture.【点睛】高分句型1 In the most recent battle against COVID-19, Traditional Chinese medicine has proved its effectiveness in boosting peoples immune system, relieving disease symptoms and preventing mild symptoms from getting worse. (运用了动名词作宾语)高分句型2 Compared with the western medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine has a more reasonable price that ordinary people can afford. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
