1、学生用书P109(单独成册) 阅读理解A“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the health and education of Africas younger generation to help fight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday. The report measured progress towards achieving UN povertyreducing goals in 2030. The
2、 report tracks 18 data points on UN development goals, including child deaths, HIV, extreme poverty, and so on.“While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress. Therefore, it could even rise，” the report warns. “If those investments were
3、made properly, young Africans will help develop the economy and the population growth will fall, as has been the case in other countries，” said the report.The report showed that by 2050, over 40% of extremely poor people in the world will live in just two countries: Congo and Nigeria. “The challenge
4、 of population growth in Africa leads to a simple idea that the world should help Africa invest in the health and the education of this young generation in Africa，” Gates told journalists. Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control wa
5、s the key.In its family planning section, the report called on policymakers to enable women to have the right to choose the number of children they have, and when they have them. According to UN data, Africa will account for over half of the worlds population growth by 2050. Yet if every woman in Af
6、rica could decide the number of their children, the population increase could be 30% smaller. This would also enable more girls and women to stay in school longer, get married and have children later. Smaller families tend to be healthier and more productive.The report also mentioned great progress
7、from Brazil on nutrition, Indonesia for family planning and Vietnam for the quality of education.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盖茨基金会发布的一份关于帮助投资非洲年轻一代的健康和教育，以消除非洲贫困的报告。1The purpose of releasing the report is to _Atell us about UN povertyreducing goalsBcall on the world to help Africa fight povertyCintroduce
8、ways to develop the economy worldwideDstate the progress made in health and education last yearB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the.fight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday.可知，盖茨基金会发布这份报告主要是为了号召全球一起帮助非洲摆脱贫困。2What does the unde
9、rlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe poverty rate.BThe population of Africa.CThe income of Africans.DThe progress of education.A解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress.could even rise可知，虽然世界范围内的贫困率正在逐渐降低，但是
10、非洲人口的快速增长可能会推迟这一进展。因此，贫困率可能会再次上升。3What does Bill Gates think is an effective way to fight poverty in Africa?AControlling the population birth rate.BAllowing girls to be educated in school longer.CGiving young people more chances to study abroad.DEncouraging young people to make more investments.A解析：
11、细节理解题。根据第三段的Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key. 可知，比尔盖茨认为消除贫困最关键的是要控制人口出生率。BYou already know a number of things that can reduce your chances of getting various types of cancer. Avoiding tobacco(烟草) products is an i
12、mportant thing, but have you ever considered your choice of dinner time as a reason for your risk of cancer? Probably not, but new research suggests that you might want to consider it.A new study published in the International Journal of Cancer discovers some very interesting connection between peop
13、les time for dinner and their overall risks of developing certain types of cancers, including breast and prostate cancer, which are among the largest killers of women and men.“Modern life involves mistimed sleeping and eating patterns that are connected with poor health effects in experimental studi
14、es，” the researchers explain. “We assessed(评估) whether the time for meals is connected with breast and prostate cancer risks, in consideration of the lifestyle and chronotype(生物钟)”The research mainly focuses on how long a person eats their last meal of the day before bedtime. People who eat before 9
15、 pm or eat at least a couple of hours before hitting the sack have lower risks of developing cancers. The scientists assess that these people enjoy a 20% drop in cancer risks when compared to those who eat dinner after 10 pm or eat right before climbing into bed.The researchers followed the habits o
16、f thousands of people and tracked their nighttime eating habits and whether they developed cancer over the long term or not. The numbers seem to reflect that it is beneficial to have dinner earlier if you hope to avoid some of the more common types of cancer, but the researchers still dont know exac
17、tly why thats true. At the moment, they believe circadian rhythm, which is the patterns of daily activity and sleep that humans have established over hundreds of thousands of years, is playing a role, though they cant say exactly how at present.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了早点吃晚饭可以降低得癌症的几率。4Why are tobacco p
18、roducts mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo introduce the topic.BTo make comparisons.CTo advertise some products.DTo show the harm of smoking.A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的.but have you ever considered your choice of dinner time as a reason for your risk of cancer? Probably not, but new research suggests that you migh
19、t want to consider it. 可知，第一段中提到烟草是为了引入本文的主题。5What does the underlined part “hitting the sack” in Paragraph 4 mean?AGetting up.BGoing to bed.CDrinking some soup.DTaking some medicine.B解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的The research mainly focuses on how long a person eats their last meal of the day before bedtime. 及.
20、eat right before climbing into bed可知，画线部分意为“去睡觉”。6We can infer that the researchers_Aneed further work to improve the studyBhave confirmed the effects of circadian rhythmClack longterm and reliable research evidencesDhave found the real causes of some types of cancerA解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的The numbers se
21、em to reflect that it is beneficial.humans have established over hundreds of thousands of years, is playing a role, though they cant say exactly how at present.可推断，研究者们需要继续工作，进一步完善这个研究。7What can be the best title for the passage?AEarly to Bed, Early to RiseBNothing Is More Important than HealthCHeal
22、thy Diet Makes You Suffer Less from CancerDEating Dinner Earlier Can Lower Your Risk of CancerD解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了一个研究的结果：早点吃晚饭可以降低得癌症的几率。故可知答案。CIf anyone who has ridden a horse for any length of time told you they have never felt any fear, they would be dishonest. You may prefer to call it “res
23、pect” instead of fear, but its always a fact that the 1，000pound or so animal you are sitting on is, physically, more powerful than you are.A bad experience, usually something that cannot be avoided no matter what the rider does, can turn healthy respect to fear. Once a rider has been physically hur
24、t, it will take him/her a while to rebuild confidence. The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine. However, suppressing(抑制) fear seldom works. Besides, suppressing fear doesnt help to tell the rider to “just get over it”Fear is usually related to the rid
25、ers skill level. The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills. Having good riding skills gives the rider the confidence that he or she has the ability to ride a horse and to deal with anything the horse might do. Riders also need to develop habits that allow them
26、 to stay mentally and emotionally calm in a relaxed way when their horse becomes excited or frightened. Their partners also have to keep calm in order to bring the other back to that state.It is hard to get past your fear when you work by yourself. Finding an experienced instructor who knows your co
27、nfidence crisis(危机) is important. You need someone who understands how to back up and find the point where you are comfortably riding. Having the right horse can also be important when you are learning to ride horse and trying to rebuild confidence. We are fortunate here at Meredith Manor to have 13
28、0 to 150 horses to choose from when our instructors sit down to make weekly horse assignment(分配) for each learner.【解题导语】学骑马的时候心里害怕很正常，作者在本文提供了几点建议来帮助骑马者克服这种情绪。8What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?AHorses are really powerful.BSome horse riders can be dishonest.CIts common for horse rider
29、s to fear.DHorse riders should respect their horses.C解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是在阐释：每个骑过马的人都曾感到过害怕，这是很普遍的事情。9According to the old idea, after a bad horse riding experience, we should _Atry horse riding again at onceBtell ourselves to just get over itCturn our fears into healthy respectDavoid riding a
30、horse for some timeA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine.可知，老观点认为，一次失败的经历之后，我们可以通过立即再次尝试来克服恐惧。10What does the author think is the best way to overcome riding fears?AImproving our horse riding skills.BLearning to stay calm in an accid
31、ent.CFinding the point of comfortably riding.DSeeking help from an experienced partner.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills.可知，作者认为克服骑马恐惧最好的方法是提升骑马的技巧。 七选五How to build good relationships with people from other cultures? Actually, it is imp
32、ortant to learn some skills to communicate with them. Armed with the knowledge of how to communicate effectively, you can make things easier.1._Learn about the culture beforehand. 2._ So if you have time before going abroad or meeting with someone from another culture, try to take time to learn the
33、basic “dos and donts ” of that culture. You can find information on this from the Internet sources such as those provided by the National Center for Cultural Competence.Be respectful and tolerant(宽容的). 3._ Signs of these may appear when you communicate with people from other cultures. However, it is
34、 not the time to judge people based on these differences during basic communication. Instead, respect them for what they are, and tolerate them. You may even learn something new.Speak clearly and slowly if necessary. But do not shout at others even if they dont understand you. 4._ Instead, it can be
35、 seen as rude. Likewise, even if there are difficulties in communicating with people from other cultures, do not treat other people as though they were unintelligent.5_ In some cultures, looking another person in the eye when you speak is seen as a sign of honesty and interest. However, in other cul
36、tures, it may be seen as disrespectful.AA little knowledge can go a long way.BIt takes time to know about other cultures.CKeep eye contact when talking with others.DKnow whether to make eye contact or avoid it.EEach culture has its own set of values and beliefs.FThe following are some tips that may
37、help you greatly.GRaising your voice cannot make yourself easier to be understood.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了和来自不同文化的人们有效交流的几点建议。1F解析：此空设于段尾，引出下文。前一句表明拥有一些如何有效交流的知识后可以使事情变得容易，此句指出下文的一些建议或许可以很大程度地帮到你。2A解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句讲要提前了解一些相关的文化，此句指出一点点相关的知识都会对你有所帮助，下一句进一步提出，在出国前或者和来自不同文化的人们见面前，如果有时间，要学一些相应文化中的守则。3E解析：此空设于段中，与下文存在逻辑上的指代关系。下文中的these指代的是本句中的values and beliefs。4G解析：此空设于段中，对前一句进行解释。此句和后一句都是解释说明本段第二句，即当别人不明白你讲的内容时，不要朝他们大声喊叫。5D解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。由本段后面的内容可知，在有些文化中，谈话时的眼神交流会被认为是一种诚实和(对谈话)感兴趣的标志，而在另外一些文化中，谈话时看对方会被认为是不尊敬人的，这都是对该主题句进行的解释。
