1、必修五 Unit 1 Great scientistsLanguage points1. characteristic n. a quality or feature of sth. or someone that is typical of them and easy to recognize.特征；特性What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians.a. very typical of a particular thing or of someones character 典型性的Such bluntnes
2、s is characteristic of him.Windy days are characteristic of March. 辨析characteristic与charactercharacteristic是可数名词，意为“与众不同的特征“character表示（个人、集体、民族特有的）“性格、品质”，还意为“人物；文字”来源:What you know about him isnt his real character.2. put forward: to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for ot
3、her people to consider提出 He put forward a new theory.The foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been put forward. put on穿上;戴上;增加put out熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)put up with忍受put down写下来;放下；put off 耽误; 延期put up建立; 建造; 举起; 粘贴
4、3. analyze: to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand itvt.分析结果、检讨、细察A computer analyses the photographs sent by the satellite.The earthquake expert tried to analyze the cause of the earthquake occurred on May 12,2008.Lets analyze the problem and see what went wrong.He ana
5、lyzed the food and found that it contained poison.We must try to analyze the causes of the strike. analysisn.分析，解析，分解4. conclude: decide that sth. is true after considering al the information you have得出结论；推论出to end sth. such as a meeting or speech by doing or saying one final thingvt. & vi结束，终止； We
6、concluded the meeting at 8 oclock with a prayer.From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a heavy smoker.What do you conclude from these facts?We conclude to go out / that we would go out.conclusionn.结论arrive at a conclusion; come to a conclusion; draw a conclusion; reach a conclusionWha
7、t conclusion did you come to / reach / draw / arrive at?From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.5. defeat vt. to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game etc.打败，战胜，使受挫Ive tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me!Our team defeated theirs in t
8、he game. n.失败，输failure to win or succeedThis means admitting defeat.They have got six victories and two defeats.辨析win, beat与defeat win “赢得”赛事、战事、某物；后接人时，意为“争取赢得的好感或支持；说服” beat “战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball tea
9、m won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.I can easily beat /defeat him at golf.He is training hard to win the race and realize his dream of becoming a champion at the 2008 Olympic Games.6. expert n. someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject专家，能手
10、an expert in psychologyan agricultural expert a.having special skill or special knowledge of a subject熟练的，有专门技术的an expert rideran expert job需专门知识的工作He is expert in / at cooking.7. attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料 be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a movie / school / class / a meeting I shall be att
11、ending the meeting.Please let me know if you are unable to attend the conference. attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护The queen had a good doctor attending on her.Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 治疗Are you being attended to?接待Mother had to attend to her sick son. attend to处理，注意倾
12、听attend to the matterA nurse attends to his needs.Can you attend to the matter immediately?I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to.Excuse me, but I have an urgent matter to attend to.辨析attend, join, join in与take part inattend指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等join 指加入某组织、团体，成为其中一员join in指加入某种活动；表示与某人一起
13、做某事join sb. in sth.take part in指参加正式的、有组织的活动，切在活动中起积极作用Only 2 people attended the meeting.He joined the Communist Youth League in 2007.Will you join us in the game?We often tale part in the after-class activities.8. expose : to show sth. that is usually covered暴露 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴
14、露于光天化日之下 I threatened to expose him ( to the police). 我威胁要(向警察)揭发他. He exposed his skin to the sun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. The old man was left exposed to wind and rain.When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.9. curevt. & n. to make someone who is ill well agian治疗,痊愈When I left the hospital I was
15、 completely cured.cure sb of a diseaseWhen you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will cure you. The only way to cure backache is to rest.He will cure the pain in your shouldersWhen I left the hospital I was completely cured.The illness cannot be cured easily.Alth
16、ough the boy was beyond cure, his parents tried to cure him of bad habits.a cure for a diseaseAspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain.There is still no cure for the common cold.Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?a cure for sth.: to remove a problem, or improve a bad situation解决问题，改善困
17、境The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.辨析cure与treatcure主要指痊愈，强调的是结果treat强调治疗过程，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病，不强调结果。They cured me of my influenza.They treated me with a new drug.10. controlvt.& n.vt.： to have power over, rule, direct 控制，支配，管理He cannot control his feelings
18、/ anger.You are trying to control me as though I were your slave.The government tries its best to control prices.be under the control of; be in control of; take/gain control of ; get / be out of control; lose control of; beyond control George took /gained control of the business after his father die
19、d.The car went out of control and crashed into the pole.the head in control of the country The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.Mr. Brown is in control of the shop. / The shop is in the control of Mr. Brown.This money is under control of Mr Brown.Whos in control of the proje
20、ct?The fire has been brought under control.11. suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明 suggest+doing / sth. / that-clauseMay suggested a picnic at the weekend. What did you suggest to the headmaster? I suggested leaving early for the airport. She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking. 他建议我们参观长城。He suggeste
21、d to us a visit to the Great Wall.He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. The look on his face suggested that he was happy.His pale face suggested that he was seriousl
22、y ill.His work suggests that he is a careful man.12. absorbto take sth. in especially gradually吸收Plants absorb carbon dioxide.In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.Paper that absorbs ink is called blotting paper（吸墨纸）.The big company has gradually absorbed these small comp
23、anies into its own organization. to understand facts or ideas completely and remember themIts hard to absorb so much information. be absorbed in = concentrate on专心于He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently.The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes f
24、rom his cigar. I was so absorbed in a book that I didnt hear you call. absorb ones attentionChinese history absorbs his attention recently.13. suspect: to think that something is probably true or likely, especially something bad来源:Zxxk.Com vt. 怀疑，猜疑n. 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人adj.可疑的，靠不住的suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀
25、疑某人做She suspected him of taking her money.以为，猜想We suspected that he had finished doing his homework.14. severea. so serious, so bad严厉的，苛刻的，严格的Come on! Dont be so severe with the children.His report contains severe criticism of the companys actions.His severe looks frightened me.very harmful or painf
26、ul, serious or uncomfortable（疼痛）剧烈，的严重的，I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldnt go back home in time.He has such a severe illness that he has been in hospital. I suffered a severe attack of toothache.He had a severe pain in the leg.15. foresee: to know that sth. is going to happen befo
27、re it actually happensvt. 预见，预料The method was used in ways that couldnt have been foreseen by its inventors.Few analysts foresaw that oil rice would rise so steeply.No one could have foreseen things would turn at this way.Its impossible to foresee how life will work out.16. blame v. 责备；谴责；把归咎于 n. 过失
28、；责备blame sb. / sth. for sth.: to say or think that sb. or sth. is responsible for sth. bad 因而指责Its not fair to blame me. Its not my fault.They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把归咎
29、于: be responsible for sth. badThe police blamed the traffic accident on jacks careless driving. (be) to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；承担责任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.Which driver was to blame for the accident?Either he or I am to blame.Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy
30、, saying that he was not the one to blame.Who is to blame for the fire? take the blame承担责任to say that sth. is your faultHe is ready to take the blame for what had happened. put the blame on怪在身上Its no use blaming our defeat on him. 17. look into调查，了解，研究，浏览，向里看Well look into the case as soon as possib
31、le.But now the authority is looking into the cost of modifying all of its windows.The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now looking into the matter.look around; look after, look down upon; look for; look forward to; look like; look over浏览，过目一遍; look out; look through浏
32、览，检查; look on; look up to; 18. handlevt. to deal with处理，买卖，操作n. 把手，把柄The children are so naughty that I cant handle them. 处理This shop handles paper and stationery. 买卖We dont handle that sort of book. 买卖How shall we handle the problem. 处理Can you handle the situation at present? 处理It has a free handle
33、.活把手He learnt how to handle the axe. 操作19. link v.连接，联系The two towns are linked by a railway.The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.n.Researchers have detected a link betwee
34、n smoking and heart disease.Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?A lot of links fitted together form a chain.link up (with)连接，结合;linkwith /to把与相连接20. announce to make known publicly; to give information using a loudspeaker, esp. at an airport or railway station; to introduce a program on
35、 TV or radioThe news was announced by Radio Beijing.Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.The captain announced that the plane was going to land.The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.The army announced a cease-fire. The announcer ann
36、ounces three programs a week. It has been announced that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week. announcementtrain approach announcementHe waited for the announcement of the result of the competition. make an announcement21. instruct: to teach; to order- Who instructs your class in history? - Mr
37、 Black. He is our instructor.She instructed me in the use of this telephone.Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.The doctor instructed me to stay in bed.The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds. instruction: detailed directions on procedure; an order; teachingTh
38、e boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.We forgot to read the instructions. (an instruction book)Under Berrys instruction, I slowly mastered the art of glass blowing.He gave us the instructions to finish the work as soon as possible.Always read the instructions on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
