1、-定语从句讲练Attribute Clause一、Attribute（定语）定语，即是句中对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限定的成分，定语可以是单词、短语或句子。单个的词做定语一般置于所修饰的名词前面，而短语、句子一般作后置定语。e.g.:a cute/sleeping beautyshoe storeslook at the sky belonging to usHe who spends time regretting the past loses the present and risks the future.二、Attribute Clause（定语从句）用一个句子作主句中某个名词或代词的
2、定语时，我们称该句子为定语从句。其中被修饰的词（n./pron.）称为先行词，定语从句一般位于先行词之后，由一个引导词引导，位于先行词和从句之间，称之为关系词。e.g.:Honesty is the most important luggage that you should carry as long as we live.e.g.:There is always one song that brings back old memories.Id rather regret the things which I have done than the things that I havent
3、done.Gold helps those who help themselves.The world makes way for the man who knows where he is going.The girl whom I have a crush on have fallen in love with someone else.The boy whose great ambition is to be admitted to Peking university is always absorbed in study.He is such a nice person as is r
4、espected by all of us.（一）、Relative pronoun（关系代词）充当成分指人指物主语who/that/as which/that/as 宾语whom/who/that/asthat/which/as定语whosewhose关系代词的作用：1、连接作用，连接主、从句；2、指代作用，指代先行词，与先行词保持意义一致；3、充当成分，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。（二）、Relative adverbs（关系副词）在定语从句中，关系代词或副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。如果从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，就用关系代词；若从句缺少时间、地点或原因状语，就用关系副词
5、when、where或why。e.g.:I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.I will never forget the days when we fight for our dream together.This is the house that/which I have been dreaming about.This is the house where I used to live.The reason that/which he explained to us was ridiculous.The r
6、eason why you hate me is ridiculous.(三)、关系副词=prep.+whichThis is the house where(=in which)I used to live.The reason why(=for which)you hate me is ridiculous.I will never forget the days when(=in which)we fight for our dream together.Life is like a race where(=in which)we compete with others and go b
7、eyond ourselves.(四)、prep.+which关系副词The book,for which he becomes famous,has received good reviews.The skill,on which he relies to make a living,was acquired from a wise man.(五)、Restrictive/non-restrictive attribute clauseRestrictive clause:该从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整，从句与主句关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开。Non-restrict
8、ive clause:该从句对先行词作附加说明，与主句关系不十分密切，从句与主句常用逗号隔开，不能用that引导，关系代词作宾语时也不能省。e.g.:My indifference is the pride that you dont understand.e.g.:When it rains,friendship is a small umbrella,which can give me a piece of clear sky.三、that/which(1)先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时，用that不用which。只用that情况：e.g.:T
9、he first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the best film that I ever seen.English is the last course that I want to take.(2)先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,some等时,用that不用which。e.g.:Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下
10、来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。Those that have gone wont come back.(3)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,one of,the only,the very,the right,the last,few,just等修饰时,用that不用which。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。Give me any books that you would recommend.给我你要推
11、荐的书。(4)先行词既有人又有物,兼顾两者,用that不用 which。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。(5)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,用that不用which。Who is the man that is standing by the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？(6)当先行词在主句中作表语,而且关系代词在定语从句中也作表
12、语时,用that不用which。Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be.深圳不再是过去的样子了。只用which情况：(1)关系代词前有介词时,用which不用that。The chair on which she sat is made of wood.她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,用which不用that。Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球,一项非常有趣的运动,在全世界流行。(3)先行词后面有插
13、入语时,用which不用that。Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help you improve your English.这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书,它能帮你提高英语水平。(4)先行词本身就是that时,用which不用that。Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？(5)代表主句中谓语的整体概念时,用which不用that。He can swim in the sea,which I cant.他能在大海里游泳,我
14、不能(在大海里游泳)。(6)代表整个主句时,用which不用that。He broke my cup,which made me angry.他打破了我的杯子,这使我很生气。四、who/that(1)先行词是指人的不定代词,如:one,ones,anyone,no one,those,all,nobody,anybody,none等时,用who不用that。People all like those who have good manners.人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。A real friend is someone who walks in,when the rest of the worl
15、d walks out.(2)在there be句型中,多用who指代人。There are some people who want to have holidays in Hainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。只用who而不用that：(3)当先行词指特定的人时,关系代词多用who,不指特定的人时,多用that。The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.上周来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的妹妹。(4)在非限制性定语从句中作主语时,用who不用that。Professor Wang,who is over s
16、ixty,still works hard day and night.王教授已年过六旬,依然夜以继日努力工作着。(5)当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时,用who不用that。Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.史密斯教授不久就要来给我们作一场关于如何学英语的讲座。五、of whom,of which与whose(1)whose的用法 whose引导定语从句,后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。The boy,whose father is an engineer,
17、studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。whose引导定语从句时,先行词既可指人,也可指物。Friendship is like sound health,whose value is seldom known until it is lost.whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。在whose引导的定语从句中,可用of which代替whose,但词序不同,即“whose名词the名词ofwhich”；而用of whom代替时只能指人,有时可以与whose互换。The boss,in whose fa
18、ctory Marys father once worked,is kind to her.老板对玛丽很好,玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过。He lives in the room whose window(the window of which)faces south.他住在窗户朝南的房间里。(2)下列情况只用of which或of whom,而不用whose引导定语从句。定语从句的主语是some,many,few,little,much,most等词时,用of which/whom,不用whose。Here are the questions,some of which I thought
19、 difficult for you.就是这些问题,我认为其中一些对你来说有难度。Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA,most of whom came from the USA.出席会议的大多是DNA专家,其中大部分来自美国。定语从句的主语是all,both,neither,each,none等词时,用of which/whom,不用whose。He has two sons,both of whom are doctors.他有两个儿子,都是医生。I bought him two pieces of clothing,neit
20、her of which he likes.我给他买了两件衣服,他一件也不喜欢。定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时,用of which/whom,不用whose。Here are many books,two of which he borrowed.这儿有许多书,他借走了两本。六、as与whichas与which引导定语从句的区别as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换。He married her,as/which was natural.很自然地,他和她结婚了。as的特殊用法：(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,而which则不能。As is known to
21、 us all,China is developing rapidly.众所周知,中国发展迅速。(2)as表示“正如,正像”,而which无此意。此时,as从句中常有know,expect,happen,point out,plan,suggest等单词或短语。He came back home late,as we expected.正如我们所料,他回家晚了。注意:as引导的定语从句常见句式有：as is known to all(众所周知),as is often the case(经常是这个情形),as is mentioned above(如上所述),as is announced(如
22、宣布的那样)。(3)当先行词被the same,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out.这么难的一道题,我们没人做得出。He wears the same coat as I do.他穿着跟我一样的外套。注意:当先行词被the same修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。the same.as指同样或同类的事物；the same.that指同一个事物。This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。(不是同一块表)This i
23、s the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。(是同一块表)七、定语从句常考点1、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语的单复数由先行词决定e.g.:I,who am a party member,should work hard for our country.He is one of the students who have won scholarship.He is the only one of the students who has won scholarship.2、关系代词在从句中充当成分，避免意思重复e.g.:He is such a nice
24、boy as everyone likes him.I will never forget the days that they slipped away through our fingers beyond our feelings.3、定语从句与并列结构e.g.:He wrote lots of novels,and none of them was translated into foreign languages.He wrote lots of novels,none of which was translated into foreign languages.He wrote lo
25、ts of novels,none of them translated into foreign languages.4、whereWhere引导定语从句先行词一般为地点名词，但有时也可能是表抽象意义“某种地步、境界”的point,stage,situation,case,job,activitye.g.:I have come to the point where I cant stand this kind of life.Besides,you can enjoy various colorful activities,where you can have a better under
26、standing of local customs.5、way作为先行词e.g.:The way that/which he told me was very practical.Please tell me the way(that/in which)you solved the problem.八、Practice makes perfect示例(2017衡水市点睛金榜大联考)Its really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known.答案：_点拨关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。九、考点解析示例(全国卷)
27、Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.答案：_点拨在不定代词、最高级、序数词等后用that；在非限制性定语从句和介词后用which。示例(2017九江高三一模)The book,of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us.答案：_点拨在定语从句中，关系代词which在从句中常作主语或宾语，也可作定语，而whose只可作定语，“whosen.”相当于“then.of which”或“of whichthen.”。示例(2017嘉峪关市一中三模)There are many people think that wealth is better than health.答案：_点拨主要考查在there be结构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉用作主语的关系词who/that/which等。
