1、短文填词专项解读2009年以来，高考英语(福建卷)第二卷第四部分“写作”的第一节为“短文填词”，共设10小题，每小题1分，满分10分，要求考生阅读一篇短文并根据汉语提示、首字母提示或语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上，所填单词要求意义准确、拼写正确。尽管考生在备考的过程中做了大量的短文填词练习，然而从近五年的高考实践看，考生这一部分的得分率偏低。那么在复习过程中，如何备考才能提高得分呢？笔者愿以近五年引导学生备考的做法及感悟，与大家分享。一、再现真题，感悟考点。(一) 请完成以下三篇短文填词。(1) 2013(福建卷)短文填词Every indi
2、vidual is a member of a group called the community, and it is the duty of every citizen ask what he can do for his community. 76. A good citizen (相信) that he should serve the 77. community and not the community serve h . As students, 78. there are many ways in you can serve the community. 79. Above
3、all, however, you have to acquire a certain amount ofskill and experience b you can be of service to others. 80. Your school has lots of (活动) which prepare you 81. good citizenship. Many school societies train students 82. to become good citizens who later p in volunteer work 83. and serve the publi
4、c in t of need. If you serve your community, 84. you will grow to be a good citizen with a strong sense of 85. responsibility.(2) 2012(福建卷)短文填词People often dont do what they really want to for fear of failure. You dont apply for a job case you dont get it. 76. You dont perform at the school concert
5、b others might 77. laugh at you. A lack of confidence can l to a lot of 78. suffering. The key to o this problem is to believe in 79. yourself. This might be (容易) said than done, but there 80. are many w to help you do this. Talk about your problem 81. with a friend or look advice on the Internet. I
6、magine 82. yourself being (成功) and practice breathing techniques 83. to keep you calm when you get nervous. And the important 84. thing is: believe you can do it. When youve (学会) to do 85. that, you are well on your way. (3) 2011(福建卷)短文填词Sport is necessary for everyone. It helps you keep fit. Fitnes
7、s is i if you want to be healthy throughout your life. The best 76. way to keep fit is to get plenty exercise by doing sport. 77. According to (科学家), doing sport can benefit 78. people a lot mentally as well as physically. The sport 79. they do, the happier they will f . Besides, sport can help 80.
8、people develop will and determination. These qualities help peopleachieve their goals b they will not give up so easily when 81. (面对) difficulties. Whats more, sport builds team spirit, 82. which is good for the whole society. It helps people work (密切)83. and smoothly and think about , not just them
9、selves. 84. In c , sport is good for your health and happiness, and 85. for society. (二) 请核对答案并将自己的答案与正确答案备注。题号201320122011参考答案错误备注参考答案错误备注参考答案错误备注76toinimportant77 believesbecauseof78 himleadscientists79 whichovercoming more80 beforeeasierfeel81 activitieswaysbecause82 forforfacing83 participatesuc
10、cessfulclosely84 timemostothers85 up learnt/learnedconclusion从备注的错误中可以看出，常见的错误有：(1) 词形未变化。如： 。(2) 拼写错误。如： 。(3) 其他。如： 。(三) 2009年至2013年高考(福建卷)短文填词考点一览表及简析。考点20132012201120102009动词believes,participatelead, overcoming,learned/learntfeel,facingneed, givecompared,includes,given, benefit名词activities, timew
11、aysscientists,conclusiontoys,peacegrammar,beginning 代词him,whichotherstheirourselves,which形容词successful,easierimportantpossible副词upmostmore, closelymorecarefully连词beforebecausebecausewhen介词to, forfor, inofbesides, onin短文填词是写作的一部分，文章的篇幅在120-130个单词之间，约12行，共设10小题，每小题的答案一般都具有唯一性的特点。短文填词与书面表达文章难度设定大体一致。从以
12、上表格可以看出，短文填词重点考查单词拼写，语言基础知识，语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文 内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。具体的考点是以实词(动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词)为主，兼顾虚词(介词、连词)。(1) 难点在于词形变化，主要是动词、名词及代词的变化。如，2013年81题的activities。(2) 连词与三大从句有关，而介词与习惯搭配有关，均是常考点。如，2013年82题考查了prepare sb. for sth.的习惯搭配。(3) 应特别注意尽管没有词形变化，但平时容易拼错的词。如， 2
13、011年78题的scientists及85题的conclusion等。(4) 复习备考时多注意常用词句、固定句型或搭配，甚至谚语的积累。2013年短文填词中it is the duty of every citizen to ask what he can do for his community这一句是it is the duty of sb. to do sth.的固定搭配。2012年短文填词中This might be easier said than done这一句是由谚语It is easier said than done改写的，因此要引起对于谚语的重视。2011年The more
14、 sport they do, the happier与2010 年when it comes to practicing our musical instruments 属于固定句型。2009年If possible，是固定搭配。(5) 要熟练掌握篇章连接词。如，2009年FirstlyThenAfter thatLastly；2010年First of allBesides thatIn additionWorst of all及2011年BesidesWhats more,等。(6) 注意篇章与语境。2012年84题填most是由于之前已经谈了几条建议。(7) 从基础词法与句法做出判断。
15、如，2009年84题填which，因为这是一个非限制性定语从句。2010年77题填need，因为助动词dont后面必为动词原形。2011年80题填feel，因为the happier是形容词，属于主系表结构。2012年85题填learnt/learned，因为theyve=they have, 这里的have是完成时结构中的助动词，后面必为过去分词。2013年79题填which, 因为这是一个定语从句.二、2014年短文填词备考技巧各个击破。(一) 词形变化。(1) 动词 1. Scientists discovered the water by h_ a bit of the soil to
16、 835 degrees in the chemistry lab.2. All the cats in the caf were _ (遭遗弃的) cats that were adopted from rescue centers.3. He removed a piece of bread from his pocket and _ a bite.4. The research p_ in the Journal Neuron last month also proved the point. 5. Hundreds of angry people b_ the windows, set
17、 fire to the offices and drew graffiti (乱画) on the walls.6. The government _ (派遣) hundreds of police officers to guard the local buildings last Saturday.7. A teacher warned that children t_ to look like superstars on TV would end up with unhappiness.8. If a_ to look after luggage for someone else, i
18、nform the police at once.9. As he coughed and choked, he jumped up and down, _ (喊叫) loudly.10. He said he never understood why people _ (关注) so much on what he did.11. She began making model planes and _ (收集) books and magazines about planes when she was a little girl.12. _ (选择) a subject is not goi
19、ng to be easy.13. With such unhealthy air quality, some simple ways are _ (推荐) for you to reduce higher risk of health problems. 14. They kept the clothes that they already had, and stopped b_ any more.15. Problems _ (出现) when our computer and television broke down.Key:1. heating2. abandoned3. took/
20、had4. published 5. broke 6. sent7. trying8. asked9. shouting10. focused11. collecting12. Choosing13. recommended14. buying 15. arose (2) 名词、形容词与副词1. The next time you feel _ (无聊的), play a game or cards.2. I was enjoying the busy traffic with people rushing in every possible _ (方向) when we got stuck
21、at a very busy crossroads.3. Are dolphins more i_ than other animals? 4. The government wants to make sure that all local schools have _ (相似的) standards.5. All through the Middle Ages, chickens only laid eggs for part of the year, m_ in the spring.6. With the i_ of pottery (陶器) about 5,000 BC, boili
22、ng food gradually became more common.7. If you have any suggestions, please speak to me d_. 8. A week without water can e_ kill the average person.9. Just as New York Times says, this is a book with the _ (有魔力的) power to inspire and comfort its readers. 10. I had an _ (预约) with Dr. Green last Friday
23、. 11. My experiment was soon finished, and it made a deep _ (印象) on me.12. Worry and anxiety can turn into physical and emotional symptoms quickly, e_ for younger age groups.Key:1. bored 2. direction 3. intelligent 4. similar 5. mainly 6. invention7. directly8. easily9. magic10. appointment11. impre
24、ssion12. especially(3) 代词1. Mice who ate nuts made improvements in learning and memory, compared with _ who didnt ate nuts.2. This poor little boy who had only one piece of bread shared _ immediately with the dog.3. I thanked him for his good wishes and wished _ luck in his future life. 4. Since nob
25、ody gave her any help, she must have done the research on _ own.5. We appreciate how important _ is for parents and kids to spend quality time together.Key:1. those2. it 3. him 4. her 5. it (二) 常见拼写错误词汇。1. The captain was visiting the island and wanted to know if the soldiers had any _ (抱怨).2. A sur
26、vey found that over half of schoolchildren lacked _ (信心) because of their body shape.3. Dweck and her colleagues asked 87 college students to describe their _ (信仰).4. Turkey _ (宣布) that it had decided to talk with AgustaWestland to produce the helicopter.5. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher poin
27、ted them out with p_. 6. He spent the rest of his life trying to pay little attention to his _ (成就).7. As a teenager, he got his driving _ at the age of 16.8. It seems that the old tradition of children getting a bedtime story before sleeping is _ (消失) in Britain.9. Parents came up with a v_ of reas
28、ons why they did not spend more time with their little ones.10. They have held a singing c_ for children under ten and a 7-year-old girl won first place at last.Key:1. complaint(s) 2. confidence 3. beliefs 4. announced 5. patience6. achievement(s) 7. license8. disappearing9. variety10. competition (
29、三) 简单句、并列句与复合句。1. Hundreds of students _ are interested in the program joined the athletes in the streets.2. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.3. The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the test. We were warned not to cheat again, _ she
30、 would see our parents.4. Its not easy to change habits, _ with awareness and self-control, it is possible. 5. She says that shell have to close the shop _ the business improves.6. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.7. Nowadays people are more concerned about the env
31、ironment _ they live. 8. We have launched another man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. 9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members. 10. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 11. Do not let any fail
32、ures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.12. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. 14. Police ha
33、ve found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue. 15. Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.Key:1. who 2. and 3. or 4. but 5. unless6. What 7. where 8. which 9. whom 10. who11. how 12. which 13. whose 14. what 15. that(四) 牢记固定短语、搭配或句型。1. These types of ga
34、mes are so interesting _ they can improve ones intelligence.2. You should have a good rest. _ the other hand, eat more fruit and vegetables!3. Not only are nuts the perfect snack for a summer road trip, they _ keep your mind sharp.4. In this season, there is plenty _ daylight but it isnt too hot.5.
35、Around 55 per cent of teachers reported that girls were more sensitive _ comments about their looks. 6. Many young people are on a _ to make themselves attractive.7. T_ to physical scientist, Quoc Truong, you may not have to worry about your dry cleaning bill ever again!8. I think it makes no differ
36、ence whether the teachers are using red _ blue pens to grade papers.9. If we had booked a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here _ a queue. 10. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered by c_ a long lost antique Greek vase. Key: 1. that 2. On 3. also4. of
37、5. to 6. diet 7. Thanks 8. or 9. in10. chance(五) 语篇、语境、逻辑及一致关系。1. A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics.2. The boy waited _ he was sure the dog was gone, and then he picked up the bread and ate it! 3. It is said that people have been eating eggs _ about six million
38、 years ago.4. If one o_ loses self-confidence, he can never expect to be successful. 5. B_ you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library for a book about it.6. Even if youve lost something, let _ go and move on. Thats better than continuing to lose.7. Smog (雾霾) hurts peoples eyes, nose, and throat, which can make it more difficult for the body to f_ against an infection.8. As millions of students return to school this year, a lot of students need effective methods to a_ to the change. Key: 1. without 2. until/till 3. since 4. once 5. Before 6. it 7. fight 8. adapt
