1、动词时态与语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时：一般现在时:am/are/is/do/does一般过去时:was/were/did一般将来时:will+do过去将来时:would+do现在进行时:am/are/is+doing过去进行时:was/were+doing现在完成时:have/has+done过去完成时:had+done现在完成进行时：have/has been doing用正确的时态结构填空1.If its fine,we _(go)fishing.2.He _(arrive)at the office at about
2、 9:00 every day.3.I _(be)very tired now because I _(not go)to bed until 12 last night.4.Listen to the two girls.They _(talk)in French.5.He said he _(travel)to Beijing to celebrate his 18th birthday.6.At this time tomorrow,we _(fly)to Japan.7.I _(phone)him three times today,but her line was always bu
3、sy.8.He kept looking at her,wondering where he _(see)her before.9.He _(prepare)for the party all the day.10.When I first met Lisa,she _(play)the piano.didnt goarrivesamare talkingwould travelwill gowill be flyinghave phonedhad seenhas been preparingwas playing Try to find the mistake in each sentenc
4、e.1.The words and expressions seldom repeat.2.We are glad to see the plan carry out.3.The words and expressions are difficult to be remembered.4.The idea is sounded reasonable.5.The book is worth being read.are seldom repeatedcarried outremembersoundsreading动词的语态(voice)语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态
5、；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。一般现在时:一般过去时:一般将来时:过去将来时:现在进行时:过去进行时:现在完成时:过去完成时:一般现在时:be(am/are/is)+p.p.(过去分词)一般过去时:be(was/were)+p.p.一般将来时:will be+p.p.过去将来时:would be+p.p.现在进行时:be(am/are/is)+being+p.p.过去进行时:be(was/were)+being+p.p.现在完成时:have/has+been+p.p.过去完成时:had+been+p.p.1)带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。被动语态的特殊结构形式The b
6、aby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，I
7、t is suggested that据建议It is said that the boy has passed the national examThe boy is said to have passed the national exam在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place大
8、火之后什么也没留下。最后,我的梦想终于成真了。At last,my dream came true.After the fire,very little remained in my house.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。The price has been risen.The price has risen.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.The price has raised.The price has been raised.
9、Please seat.Please be seated.FTTTTFFF2.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：The shirt fits him very wellHe is fitted very well by the shirt【正】【误】3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：He joined the League in 1998The League was joined by him in 1998【正】【误】4.由“动词名词”构成的英语习语(如make faces，m
10、ake friends，take place等)一般不可改为被动语态。例如：The boy make faces in classFaces are made by the boy in class【正】【误】Great changes have taken place in Nanjing in the past years.在过去的几年，南京发生了巨大的变化。5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：You must look after yourselfYourself must be looked after.【正】【误】主动表被动的情况一、系动词 taste,smell,fe
11、el,sound,prove，turn out 用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1.这些花闻起来很香。2.那听起来很有道理。3.那食物尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable.The food tastes delicious.二、某些与 cant,wont 等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：1.盒子不能移动。2.门不会关。The box cant move.The door wont shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如 sell,
12、write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),read，wash,shut,cut等和副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动。3.这地板不容易弄干净。1.这种食物畅销。2.这布料经洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easily.This kind of food sells well.This cloth washes well and lasts long.四、表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run.)Th
13、e shop opens at 6 am.every day1.学校九月开学。2.这个地区的商店周末开门的时间要比工作日迟。School begins in September.The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：1.小说值得一读。2.事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.六、在动词 require,need,want 等动词之后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义
14、。1.树需要浇水。2.孩子需要照顾。3.电视机需要修理。The trees need watering.Children want looking after.The TV requires mending.七、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：1.我有许多事情要做。2.他有几项任务要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：1)n.+be+too+adj.+to doThe plane is too hig
15、h to see.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+to doThe book is cheap enough for me to buy.3)n.+be+adj.+to doThe question is not easy to answer.特殊情况若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词和使役动词:feel,hear,listen to,look at,observe,see,notice,watch;make,let,have等。(巧记：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来。)The teacher made m
16、e go out of the classroom.We saw him play football on the playground.-I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher).-He was seen to play football on the playgroundExercises1)Your jacket needs _(wash)2)The house requires _(repair)3)The meat is not fit _(eat)4)We find English difficult _(learn)5)I have much homework _(do)6)Ill give the boy some books _(read)7)The book is worth _(read).8)Black people had no right_(vote)9)I have a lot of homework _(do)10)There are many jobs _(do)washingrepairingto eatto learnto doto readto doto doreadingto vote
