1、u Object complementu Subject-verb agreementUnit 3 Grammar and usage Object complement宾语补足语宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。They called her the Loulan Beauty.在这句话中，her是宾语，the Loulan Beauty作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语her的情况。(1).并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接宾语补足语，后面可以接宾语补足语的动词主要有：make,consider,believe,cause,feel,hear,listen to,see,find,have,le
2、t,call等。其句型为：及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。(2).名词(词组)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句可作宾语补足语。a.They made Professor Zhang director of the institute.(名词词组)b.We believed him honest.(形容词)c.I saw him out with his father.(副词)d.We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)e.They believed this document to be the officia
3、l version.(不定式)f.Professor Zhangs speech was full of humor and made us all laugh.(不带to的不定式)g.I saw him crossing the road by himself.(现在分词)h.When we arrived there,we saw the work done.(过去分词)(3)在主动语态(主动句)中，有几类动词后是接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语；但是变为被动语态(被动句)时，一定要加上不定式符号 to。这几类动词有：感官动词：feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,
4、watch,notice,observe;使役动词：have,let,make。a.He noticed a man enter the room.(主动句)A man was noticed to enter the room.(被动句)b.The boss made the children work ten hours a day.(主动句)The children were made to work ten hours a day.(主动句)(4).一些感官动词后不带to的不定式作宾语补足语和接现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成，现在分词作宾语补足
5、语表示动作正在进行。I observed a stranger enter the house.(动作已完成)I heard her singing a song in the next room.(动作正在进行)Practice Multi-choice 1.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry 2.I found the door _ when I got
6、 home.A.opened B.close C.unlocking D.open 3.-Have you had anyone _ your newly-bought flat?-Not yet.I am going to get John _ a design for it first.A.to decorate;make B.to decorate;to make C.decorate;make D.decorate;to make 4.I have often heard the ABC Song_,but I have never heard Alice _it.A.to be su
7、ng;to sing B.being sung;sang C.sung;sing D.sang;singing 5.They didnt observe her _ in and go upstairs.A.come B.came C.to come D.coming 6.The mother was asked _ let her children _ TV every evening;A.not to;watch B.not to;to watch C.not;watch D.not;watching 7.Seeing the sun _ above the surface of the
8、sea,we let out a shout of joy.A.to rise B.to raise C.rising D.raising 主谓一致可根据三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。一、语法一致原则：主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。1.当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用单数形式：a.主语是单数名词或不可数名词时b.主语是表示度量的词组、标题或名字时c.词组或从句充当主语时Subject-verb agreement主谓一致 a.Money _is_(be)very important to us.b.My fa
9、ther _is_(be)in charge of the company.c.Twenty miles _ a long way to cover.A.seem to be B.is C.are D.were d.When and where this took place _ still unknown.A.has B.is C.were D.are2.当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用复数形式：(1)主语是复数名词时(2)主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的词或词组时a.Grammar books _(help)you learn something about the rules of
10、 a language.b.A professor and a writer _ present at the meeting yesterday.A.had been B.were C.is D.washelp 3.当主语是all of/most of/some of/half of/a part of+名词/代词时，谓语动词的单、复数形式与该名词保持一致。a.All of us have attended the lecture about Pompeii.b.Most of lecture was about how the ancient city was discovered.4.主
11、语由as well as,along with,together with,rather than,no less than,but,except,besides,In addition to,like,including等词连接时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定.如果前面的名词为不可数名词或者为可数名词的单数，那么谓语就用单数；如果前面的名词为复数，那么谓语就用复数形式。Some satellite factories,with an iron and steal works,are to be built here.Tom,along with his friends,goes
12、 skating every Saturday.5.百分数，分数作主语时的主谓一致当百分数，分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数.Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.二.意义一致原则：当主语是committee,band,crowd,class,dozen,family,public 和team 等集
13、合名词时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。a.The committee was made up of 10 members.b.The committee were in the hall.c.My family enjoy sports and games.d.My family has moved into the new house.三.就近原则：这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。当用either or、neither nor、not only but also
14、和not but连接句子主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式和与其临近的主语的单复数形式保持一致，称为“就近原则”。a.Either the team leader or the guides are looking after the students.b.Either the guides or the team leader is looking after the students.Fill in the blanks with the right form of the give verbs.(1)_(have)your classmates finished their homework?
15、(2)My friend and I _(want)to play outside after watching TV.(3)Most of the students _(prefer)English to Mathematics.(4)Collecting stamps _(be)one of his favorite pastimes.(5)Our class _(be)a happy one.Havewantprefer is isExercise(6)_(be)your family a big one?(7)All my family _(get)up early in the mo
16、rning.(8)Neither his father nor his mother _(play)the piano.(9)The remains of the old castle _(be)destroyed in World War Two.(10)Not only Jim but also his Parents _(be)going to see you next Sunday.arewereplaysgetIslMultiple choice1.About eighty percent of the students in his class _ below sixteen.A.
17、is B.are C.am D.be2.There _ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.A.is B.are C.am D.be3.A large quantity of water pipes _ needed.A.are B.is C.has D.haveBAA4.How and why he _ come to Princeton,New Jersey _ a story of struggle,success and sadness.A.hadwas B.had are C.had has D.had have5.Nob
18、ody but Jane and Mary _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is knownAB高考链接Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.（2010湖南）A.is B.are C.has D.haveCSuch poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works,however,some _ difficult to understand.（2010四川）A.are;are B.is;is C.are;is D.is;areABarbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.（2010全国）A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have wornB
