1、Grammar and usage一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)(Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词关系副词Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词 关系词定语从句关
2、系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,that,aswhere,when，why二、用法:These are the treeswhich/that were planted last year.先行词是人关系代词:who whom whosethatwhich先行词是物These are the studentswho/that won the first place last year.Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I
3、met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语先行词主语宾语定语指人whothatwhomthatwhose（of whom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物thatthatwhose1.引导定语从句的关系代词如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语
4、，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。1.The teaching building look nice.The building was put up last year.The teaching building which/that was put up last year look nice.2.The man is the headmaster.The man is standing in front of the school library.The man who/that is standing in front
5、of the school library is the headmaster.buildingThe buildingwhich/thatwho/that3.Next to him stands a girl.The girls name is Tina.Next to him stands a girl whose name is Tina.whose思路梳理：简化图示共有词 主句：从句：共有词关系词共有词 关系词主句 从句I prefer the robot can clean the house.whichthe robotThe robotExampleThink and concl
6、ude 1.意义：定语从句是用来修饰名词的句子.2.写法：找出两个简单句的共有成分；将从句中的共有成分去掉；用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后 1.先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语时用_/_；2.先行词指 人，关系词在从句中作主语时_/_,作宾语时用_/_/_/_;3.关系词在从句中作定语指人或物，表示“的”时用_请你来小结thatwhichwho thatwho that whom 不填whose 总之，选择关系词的方法就是：一看先行词“指啥”，二看关系词“作啥”。Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studie
7、s!1.The man is a policeman.The man is shaking hands with my father.1.The man who/that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2.The boy is Jack.The boy broke the window.2.The boy who broke the window is Jack.3.I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music.3.I have a friend who likes l
8、istening to classical music.4.Ellen is a girl.The girl will succeed in the test.4.Ellen is a girl who/that will succeed in the test.先行词指人，在从句中作主语时，关系代词用that 和who1.That boy is Jack.I met the boy yesterday.1.That boy who/whom/that/省略 I met the boy yesterday is Jack.2.He is the man.I saw the man yester
9、day.3.Mr Jack is the professor.You should write to the professor.先行词指人，在从句中作宾语时，关系代词用that,whom 和who1.This is the factory.The factory makes toys.1.This is the factory which/that makes toys.2.I remember the factory.You visited the factory yesterday.2.I remember the factory which/that/省略 You visited ye
10、sterday.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.物做主语和宾语(that/which)The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin6.基 础 练 习选择:1.Is that the house _ you bought last year?A.where B.Which2.Is that the picture_you are laughing at?A.Which B.where3.The stree
11、t _is to the park is very narrow.A.where B.which4.It is the most interesting book_Ill ever read.A.which B.thatKey:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B6.基 础 练 习把下面的句子改成定语从句：1.I know the boy.He can speak English well.2.Mary bought a little bird.It was very pretty.3.The season is summer.It comes after spring.4.I have a fri
12、end.His father is a teacher5.That building is my uncles house.Its wall is white.5.That building whose wall is white is my uncles housewho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/that能力升华 判断下列句子是否正确，有错改正。1.I often visit my friends that works in a supermarket.2.She is a singer who I like her.3.People like this sport
13、 often form a club.4.We still remember the days which we live in the countryside.HomeworkDo workbook exercise C1 and C2.6.基 础 练 习5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward.A.who B.when6.This is the room_we listened to the lecture.A.which B.where7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party.
14、A.Who B.Whose8.Tell me the reason_you are late.A.which B.whyKey:5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B6.基 础 练 习填空：1.Look at that lady_name is Pochi.2.He is a teacher_I like very much.3.Those pictures_were drawn by Tom are nice.4.Those _will go to the park stay here.5.That was all the money _I had.6.Tom is the first boy_le
15、ft the room.7.Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.8.You can read any book _I have.9.That was the year_I went to America.10.we came to the town,_we stayed for 2 hours.Key.1.whose 2.whom/that/3.which/that 4.who 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.that/9.when 10.where6.基 础 练 习选择:1.Is that the house _ yo
16、u bought last year?A.where B.Which2.Is that the picture_you are laughing at?A.Which B.where3.It is the most interesting book_Ill ever read.A.which B.that4.The street-is to the park is very narrow.A.where B.whichKey:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B6.基 础 练 习5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward.A.who B.when6.
17、This is the room_we listened to the lecture.A.which B.where7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party.A.Who B.Whose8.Tell me the reason_you are late.A.which B.whyKey:5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B6.基 础 练 习填空：1.Look at that lady_name is Pochi.2.He is a teacher_I like very much.3.Those pictures_were drawn by
18、 Tom are nice.4.Those _will go to the park stay here.5.That was all the money _I had.6.Tom is the first boy_left the room.7.Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.8.You can read any book _I have.9.That was the year_I went to America.10.we came to the town,_we stayed for 2 hours.Key.1.whose
19、2.whom/that/3.which/that 4.who 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.that/9.when 10.where1.Here are my neighbors _ home was destroyed by the earthquake.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.several days later most of the buildings _ had been damaged were repaired.Lets have a
20、 try!whosewho/thatwhich/that4.This frightened boy _ mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.5.We went to see our teacher _ husband lost his life in the earthquake.6.“Is this the young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?”She asked.whosewhosewho/that一、that和which用法的区别(1)先
21、行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lend me.1、只能用that不用which的情况(that)thatDo you have anything _ you dont understand?thatPlease send us any information _
22、you have about the subject.that(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.that(4)先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时。This is the very book _ belongs to him.thatHe is the only person _ was present at the time.that(6)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Who
23、is the girl _ drove the car?Who _ broke the window will be punished.(5)先行词既有人又有物时。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.thatthatthat(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.2、只用whic
24、h不用that的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.under whichon whichwhich二、只用who的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to
25、 The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhowhowho先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.三、“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.on whichdur
26、ing whichin whichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2.“介词whom/which”与“whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1.The c
27、hair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is made of wood.2.Is this the book which you are looking for?注意：介词for不能与 look分开。3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house _ is round.2)They live in a house,_ w
28、indows facesouth.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whichwhoseof whichwhose roof用介词关系代词填空1.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.2.Whos the person _ you just shookhands.3.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.4.This is the way _ she studies English.5.The old man always wears his
29、 glasses _ _ he cant see anything.6.The key_ she was opening the door broke.7.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.from whomwith whomof whomin whichwithoutwhichwith whichfor which非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular
30、with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.Please compare:形式作用能否省略 翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句There is a room,which you can study in.He is a very good teacher,whose daughter works abroad.This is a big house,whose door is nice.He is a very good teacher,whom we all like.Tom s father,who
31、is over sixty,still works hard day and night.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略uas:指代的先行词是人、物在定语从句中 做主语、宾语、表语注意：当
32、先行词与 so,such,the same,as 等连用,关系代词用as.as 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/asAsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句
33、首时只能用as,1.Beijing is not the same city as it used to be.2.This is an interesting book(which/that)we all like.This is such an interesting book as we all like.3.As many members as were present agreed to the plan.the same as 指同样的the same that 指同一个This is the same pen that I lost.这就是我丢失的那支笔。This is the
34、same pen as I lost.这和我丢失的那支笔一样。as 引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。2.When 的用法：表的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。I will never forget the day.I joined the party on that day.=I will never forget the day when I joined the party.先行词关系副词I w
35、ill never forget the days that/which I spent with your family.Oct.1,1949,the day,the PRC,foundOct.1,1949 is the day _the PRC was founded.when Oct.1,1949 is the day when the PRC was founded.Oct.1,1949 is the day.The PRC was founded on the day.Oct.1,1949 is the day on which the PRC was founded.3.why的用
36、法：表的原因，的理由The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.先行词关系副词vI dont know the reason why he left here.vThis is the reason why(=for which)he cried.The teacher was surprised at the reason(that/which)he explained for being late.The reason was destroyedis that typhoon hitThe reason _New Orleans
37、was destroyed is that the typhoon hit it.New OrleansKatrinawhy The reason why New Orleans was destroyed is that the typhoon hit it.The reason is that the typhoon hit it.New Orleans was destroyed for the reason.The reason for which New Orleans was destroyed is that the typhoon hit it.填 when,why&where
38、并连线The mines()we voted was the 5th of August.The reason()I worked was because of my hard work.The time()I joined the ANC were 9km from Youth League my house.The building()I got a job was late at night.The date()I arrived was very grand.wherewhywhenwherewhen历届高考题回顾1.In the dark street,there wasnt a s
39、ingle person _she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from who D.to whom2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when 3.We came to a place _they had never paid a visit to before.A.where B.which C.to that D.to which DBB1.Beij
40、ing is a beautiful city.I went there last summer.Beijing is a beautiful city whereI went last summer.2.I remember the day.My father made his first real film on that day.I remember the day when/on which my father made his first real film.3.The reason was that he passed the exam.He was so happy for th
41、e reason.The reason why/for which he was so happy was that he passed the exam.把下面的句子连接成定语从句例题：Oh,the bag!Thank you very much,Sir.This is the same bag_ I lost theother day.A.as B.which C.like D.thatDExercises:1.All _ is useful to us is good.A.which B.what C.that D.whether2.She will never forget the d
42、ays _ she spent in Beijing.A.when B.what C.which D.why3.The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A.to whom B.about whom C.who D.whom4.This is the school _ my father worked thirty years ago.A.that B.when C.which D.where5.The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learned in the past three
43、 years.A.that have B.that have been C.which has D.which has been6.The college wont take on anyone _ eyesight is weak.A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which7.Here is the bicycle _ in the shop.A.that you saw it B.that saw it C.you saw D.you saw it8.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names,pleas
44、e.A.who B.who want C.that wants D want9.I,_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.what is C.what am D.who am10.His walking-stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A.that B.with which C.which D.without which11.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.
45、A.all of them B.either of them C.all of which D.both of that12.The reason _ he cant come is that he has to work late.A.because B.that C.why D.for13.The family _ I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing.A.which B.whom C.what D.whose14.This is the only thing _ I can do now.A.what B.which C.that
46、 D.all15.I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A.by that B.what C.by which D./Make a report about the typhoon:(using attributive clauses)There was a typhoon _ attacked Huzhou on Oct.7th this year.It was a strong typhoon _ stayed in Zhejiang for a long time.It brought strong wind and heavy rain,_ caus
47、ed a lot of damage.More than 5 million people went through the typhoon,among _ many people were trapped or injured.Many buildings fell down.It caused flood and mud-rock flow in many places,_ resulted in a loss of more than 4.5 billion money.Teams were organized to rescue those _ were trapped and help was given to those _ suffered from the typhoon.Luckily,it was reported that no one was killed.thatthat/whichwhichwhomwhichwhowho 带定语从句的谚语：1.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
