1、Learning about language主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式 to have been doing/不定式的基本形式Discovering useful structuresGo over the passive voice当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、作状语。1.Its an honour to be invited to the ceremony.2.S
2、he didnt like to be treated as a child.3.His dream was to be admitted to a good university.4.There are a lot of things to be discussed.5.She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.作主语作宾语作表语作定语作状语不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分注意：1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to。能这样用的动词有:make,have,let,see,hear,
3、notice,listen to,watch等。如：We often see him act like that.=He is often seen to act like that.我们常常看到他这样做。2)在cant help but,have nothing to do but结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：I cant help(but)suspect his motive.我不禁怀疑起他的动机。3)在动词want,hope,manage,offer,promise,pretend,agree,expect等之后，用不定式作宾语；另外在动词tell,advise,show,t
4、each,find out,decide,discuss,forget等后，常用一个带连接代词/副词的不定式作宾语。如：We must decide whether to go or stay.我们得决定去还是留。不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义1.不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定的被动形式。如：Do you have anything to wash today?(to wash的主语为句子的主语you，其逻辑宾语为anything。)你今天要洗什么吗？Do you have anything to be washed?
5、(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)你有什么要其他人洗的吗？2.在There be/seem+主语+to do表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义（也就是说，我们可能会见到被动形式，但主动形式要好得多）Theres not enough food to eat.(The food is eaten.)没有足够的食物吃。Theres no chair to sit on.(The chair is sat on.)没有椅子坐。但在下列句子中，只能用主动形式。如：Theres not enough food for us to eat.我们没有足够的食
6、物吃。3.在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished.)工作不可能两天之内完成。English is not so easy to learn.(English is learnt.)英语并不好学。4.在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用be to blame；“（东西等）出租”用to let。如：He is to blame for what he has done.他应为他所做的受责备。The house is to let.房子要出租5.假如不定式所表示的动词，在谓语所表示的动词（或状态）之前发生，该不定式要用完成式。如：Im glad to have seen your mother.=Im glad that I have seen your mother.很高兴见过你母亲。
