1、Unit 1 Cultural relicsGrammar:Attributive Clause一、关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词
2、提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you f
3、ind the pen(which)I wrote with just now?4.that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that。that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A plane is
4、a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him
5、.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the
6、 world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever
7、 seen.二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。whenwherewhy1、关系副词when,where,why 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：a)我仍然记得 我参军的 那一天。I still remember the day.On that day I joined the army.I still remember the day when I joined the army.或I still remember the day on which I joined the army
8、.b)这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。This is the house.We lived in it last year.This is the house where we lived last year.或This is the house in which we lived last year.或This is the house which we lived in last year.c)你知道 他迟到的 原因吗？Do you know the reason?He was late for that reason.Do you know the reason why he was lat
9、e?或Do you know the reason for which he was late?2、当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when,where,why 来引导定语从句。例如：这是我们去年参观的地方。这是我们去年工作的地方。a)vt.vi.This is the place which/that we visited last year.This is the place where we worked last year.我仍然记得我入团的那一天。我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。b)I still remember the day when I joined the Leag
10、ue.I still remember the day that/which we spent together.三、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、
11、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one例1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?例2.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.whereB.that C.on which D.the oneBD1.限定性定语从句是对先行词起限定作用的。去掉这个从句则整句话不完整或不成立。Eg:He who doesnt go to the Great Wall is not a true man.-He is not
12、a true man.不完整四、限定性、非限定性定语从句The mooncake that has egg in it is the mooncake which I like best.-The mooncake is the mooncake.不成立大多数定语从句是限定性定语从句。2.非限定性定语从句是对先行词起解释、说明作用的。去掉这个从句整句话仍成立。常被逗号隔开。Eg:I have a dog,which can do many things for me.注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encoura
13、ges her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）All the books,which have pictures in them,are wel
14、l written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）在非限制性定语从句中as与which可以在整个主句作为其先行词指代上面或下面说的一件事，从意义上来看 which(=and this/that)as(=in accordance with what)E.g.:He is a teacher,which(=as)is clear from his manner或He is a teacher,as(=which)can be seen from his manner.The student forgot to bring his dictionary,as is
15、 oftenthe case.（此句中as不能用which代。）从从as,whichas,which在非限制性定语从句中的位置和作用来看在非限制性定语从句中的位置和作用来看asas引导的从句可置于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后，引导的从句可置于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后，whichwhich一般置于主句之后。一般置于主句之后。定语从句判断步骤：（1）判断出先行词（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分（3）确定关系代词的人称和数定从的时态不受主句的限制The woman who/that was spoken to yesterday is my mother.定语从句的辨认与使用（1）找出先行词a
16、.确定关系代词的人称、数和性b.确定从句位置(一般在先行词之后)（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格（3）确定从句时态定语从句注意事项1.what不引导定语从句I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）2.先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that,也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3.关系副词when，where why其含义相当于on which,in which,for which等可交替使用。4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun
17、,which gives us light,is very big.1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A.until B.that C.when D.where高考链接解析：本题考查定语从句。解本题得关键是要先找准先行词“the hours”,然后理解关系副词“when”本身在其引导的定语从句中充当时间状语。答案C.2.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadt been c
18、leaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which 高考链接解析：这是一个定语从句。定语从句的先行词为windows。有的考生误认为前文提到windows,应用those 代替而选B。但those不可用做关系代词引导定语从句。由于横线处前有介词of不能选that。答案 D3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，_ was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whos
19、e高考链接解析：此题四个代选项中都有price这一词语，要表示Chinese vase 的价格，所以关系代词语先行词分隔。“its price”不表示所有格；由于whose本身就可作定语，不需再用of属格。故A、C、D三项均应排除。答案B.4.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why高考链接解析：先行词situation作“处境”讲，引导定语从句是使用关系代词还是使用关系副词，决定于关系词在从句中所担任的成分。此题的关系词在从句中担任状语，故选用A项。C、D两项的while,why不具有引导定语从句的句法功能。答案为A.Homework 1.Read more about the Attributive Clause to have a full perspective of the grammar item.2.Do the rest grammar exercise in WB and TB.
