1、-1-Section Writing-2-Section Writing写作指导针对训练写作指导概要写作题型剖析该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。该题型有以下特点:1.原文以说明文、议论文为主。2.概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。3.要着重训练自己对文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。-3-Section Writing写作指导针对训练写作指导 写作步骤1.仔细阅读原文,掌握文章的主旨大意。在阅读过程中,要注意搜寻要点,如议论文中的论点、论据,记叙文中的发展、高潮、结局等。2.列出文章的要点和各
2、段落的主题句。可以用下划线标记,也可做笔记,将要点逐一列出。3.分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述,并注意在结构上的顺序。4.写出初稿。根据列出的要点和对原文的理解,用自己的语言组织内容,尝试写出概要。5.修改、定稿。认真阅读初稿,对照原文,检查是否漏掉重要内容。检查并确定拼写、语法、标点正确无误。检查是否符合规定的词数要求。-4-Section Writing写作指导针对训练写作指导 注意事项写概要时,要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合
3、适的语言表述出来。1.找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。2.各要点的表达要相对独立。3.各要点之间要有适当的衔接。4.句型力求简单,每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词。5.尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。6.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。-5-Section Writing写作指导针对训练写作指导方法技巧在掌握一定的解题步骤后,为了顺利完成概要写作,学生在写作时还需要注意以下方法技巧。1.要点齐全。概要写作主要考查学生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键信息的能力,关键信
4、息获取不准确往往导致所写概要要点不齐全。要点全面是评分的重要方面,因此学生要训练自己的语篇能力和阅读能力,既要把握文本的整体和部分又要把握它们之间的逻辑关系。2.精练简洁。精练指的是概括的内容要高度浓缩。学生可以利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼,用删略的方法去换不重要或者不必要的细节。简洁指的是所使用的语言简练。学生可以用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言。-6-Section Writing写作指导针对训练写作指导3.灵活转换。语言转换就是用不同的词或句式来表达与原有表达内容相同的意义,且重新表达后能做到简单易懂。灵活转换包括语言换说和句子重构。语言换说可以通过同义、近义和反义变换来替换
5、需要被替换的词汇;句子重构可以改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句子中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实现。注意确保四个一定:(1)一定要使用第三人称。(2)一定不可加入自己的观点。(3)一定不可对原文内容加以评论。(4)一定不要引入与原文内容无关的信息。-7-Section Writing写作指导针对训练针对训练阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Ice skating is one of the best ways to have a good time during the winter.Whether you skate as a sport or just for fun,its
6、 a great way to get your body moving when its cold outside.Its also a wonderful activity to enjoy with your family or friends.Its thought that ice skating dates back to more than 3,000 years ago.Back then,skaters skated on the ice.Modern ice skating appeared in the 13th or 14th century,when the Dutc
7、h began to make their skates out of steel,with sharpened edges on the bottom to improve control.These blades cut into the ice,thus allowing for a much wider range of movement.Ice skating was introduced to the United Kingdom in the 17th century:the first ever skating club was in 1740 in Edinburgh.-8-
8、Section Writing写作指导针对训练针对训练By the 19th century,ice skating had become popular as a form of sport.People from all walks of life engaged in skating races.Skating races were often held in local districts(区域),after which the winners of various areas would gather to compete in tournaments(锦标赛).In 1879,th
9、e first national skating association was formed in England.An American man,Jackson Haines,is the first to incorporate ballet and dance movements into skating,and thus is considered the founder of figure skating.-9-Section Writing写作指导针对训练针对训练Ice skating sports include ice dancing,speed skating,curlin
10、g,and ice hockey.Figure skaters are not allowed to use music with vocals during their routines,at least when theyre performing at the Olympics.There you have it!Ice skating is more than just fun and games;theres a whole history behind both the sport and the leisure activity.We encourage you to go ou
11、t and have fun skating,but make sure youre being safe!If youre playing hockey or a rough sport,you might want to consider wearing a helmet to protect your head.and make sure you bundle up!-10-Section Writing写作指导针对训练针对训练参考范文Ice skating is one of the best winter activities for people to keep healthy or get fun.(要点1)It has a long history of over 3,000 years,but it has been developing since then.(要点2)And when people took part in it as a form of sport,it began to become popular.(要点 3)Ice skating sports are various,and when playing,you should pay attention to your safety.(要点4)
