1、句子成分和句子结构(Sentence elements and sentence structures)一、句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语)成分用法例句主语可以作主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、“疑问词不定式”等。it可以作形式主语。In my opinion, to take a tenminute break between classes is necessary. 在我看来，课间休息十分钟是必要的。What satisfied me most was that all the students passed the exam.最让我感到满意的是所有学
2、生都通过了考试。It is important to make use of the time in class. 充分利用课堂上的时间很重要。谓语不及物动词后不接宾语，及物动词后接宾语；要注意时态。A good command of English enables me to gain more chances to communicate and exchange ideas with foreign students in our school. 英语说得好让我有了更多的机会去和校园里的留学生们进行沟通和交流。So far I have been used to getting up e
3、arly in the morning and staying up late at night. 目前我已经习惯了早起晚睡。He has been admitted to Beijing University. 他已经被北京大学录取了。宾语可以作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、“疑问词不定式”等。it可以作形式宾语。动词和介词后都可以接宾语。Only when you devote yourself to it can you enjoy the real pleasure of learning. 只有当你真正投入的时候，你才能体会到学习的乐趣。All of the studen
4、ts were absorbed in what the teacher said and took notes carefully during the class. 课上，所有的学生都认真听讲并且做笔记。Last Wednesday, our class held a discussion on how to protect our environment. 上周三，我们班进行了如何保护环境的讨论。续表成分用法例句表语放在系动词之后；可以作表语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句、“疑问词不定式”。As a Senior Three student, time seems much li
5、mited. 作为高三的学生，时间看起来很有限。Im outgoing and good at communicating with others. 我很开朗，善于与人交流。The annual college entrance examination is around the corner. 一年一度的高考就要来了。常见系动词有：be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain, seem, appear等。定语可以作定语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句
6、等。The books here are very useful.这里的书很有用。After a tiring day at school, we always had lots of homework to do. 在劳累了一天之后，我们总是有很多作业要做。He has been working hard at every subject, which sets a good example to us. 他一直努力学习各门功课，为我们树立了榜样。The lecture will be very interesting and helpful, from which we can learn
7、 a lot.这个演讲将会非常有趣并且很有帮助，通过它我们能够学到很多。状语可以作状语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句。状语可以表示原因、让步、条件、结果、伴随、时间、地点、比较等。Tired but happy, we went home together. 我们一起回家，很累但是高兴。Only then did I realize the importance of learning English well.只有在那时我才认识到学好英语的重要性。As Senior Three students, we need to do sports so that we can ke
8、ep fit. 作为高三学生，我们需要锻炼来保持健康。To make our city green, we decided to plant more trees and protect them. 为了绿化城市，我们决定种更多的树并保护它们。Touched by the teachers words, we decided to work hard. 被老师的话感动，我们决定努力学习。Whatever may happen, we shall not lose hope. 无论发生什么，我们也不能失去希望。As long as you stick to your plans for your
9、 study, you are sure to make progress. 只要你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定能取得进步。宾语补足语说明宾语的性质、特征等。可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、非谓语动词等。Cities where we live belong to us all. Lets love them and make them greener. 我们居住的城市属于大家。我们应该爱护它、绿化它。Sports teach us to be considerate, cooperative and optimistic. 体育锻炼教会了我们体谅、合作和乐观。二、简单句的五种基本句型五种句型例
10、句SV(主语不及物动词)We are studying.我们正在学习。The computer doesnt work.电脑坏了。Sometimes we even worked late into the night. 有时候我们甚至学习到深夜。Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他就一直努力学习。SVO(主语及物动词宾语)He has achieved good results in the examinations. 他在考试中取得了很好的成绩。After class we enjoy
11、all kinds of activities, such as participating in sports, doing experiments or surfing the Internet. 放学后，我们参加各种各样的活动，例如参加体育运动，做实验或上网。SLP(主语系动词表语)Now we are active in class.现在我们在课堂上很活跃。Now we feel released and very energetic in class. 现在我们在课堂上感到轻松、精力充沛。SVIODO(主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语)；SVDOto/forIO主语及物动词直接宾语(物)
12、to/for 间接宾语Helping others gives you an opportunity to change peoples lives, including your own. 帮助别人可以给你机会改变人们的生活，包括你自己的。He wanted to buy his father a birthday present, one valuable and at a proper price.她想为父亲买个生日礼物，一个有价值而且不贵的礼物。SVOC(主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语)The teacher encouraged us to find out as many ways a
13、s possible to work out the problem.老师鼓励我们尽可能多地找出解决问题的方法。On the top of the mountain you will find the view breathtaking. 在山顶你会发现景色颇为壮观。 根据提示完成句子1主语无论做什么，诚信和责任应该总是放在第一位。Whatever we do, _ should always be put in the first place.近年来出国旅行很流行。_is popular these years.早睡早起是一种好习惯。_is a good habit.【答案】honesty
14、and responsibilityTravelling abroadTo go to bed early and to get up early2谓语我学英语八年了，而且有电脑经验。I _ English for 8 years and I have computer experience.这个老人必须马上送医院。The old man _ to hospital at once.我们的英语角建于三年前。Our English Corner _ 3 years ago.【答案】have been learningmust be sentwas set up 3宾语村民教我们怎样种树，怎样浇水
15、。The villagers taught us _ and _.我发现与同学友好相处很容易。I find it easy _ my classmates.不要发出噪音。Please stop_【答案】how to plant trees; how to water themto get along well withmaking noise4表语昨晚我看到他的时候，他已脱离危险，但看上去脸色苍白。When I saw him last night, he was _， but still looked pale.我的愿望是成为一名艺术家。My wish is_.给我印象最深的是这学期学生学习
16、都很努力。What impressed me most was _ very hard this term.【答案】out of dangerto become an artistthat all the students worked 5定语这就是我们必须珍惜时间的原因。This is the reason _.那位手里拿着一本杂志的是我们的语文老师。The man _ is our Chinese teacher.被邀请参加会议的人大多都是著名的科学家。Most of the people _ the meeting are famous scientists.【答案】why we mus
17、t value timewith a book in his handinvited to6状语一天的学习之后，我们回到家，疲惫但高兴。_， we went home, _.从太空看，地球就像一个大水球。_， the Earth looks like a huge watercovered globe.尽管我承认这种车不完美，但我仍然喜欢。_， I still love it.【答案】After a day of study; tired but happySeen from spaceWhile I admit this kind of car isnt perfect7宾语(主语)补足语警察进来时发现老人死了。When the policeman came in, _.考试作弊被抓住的那个男生将会受到处分。The boy who was caught _ will be punished.刷牙时不要让水一直流着。Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.【答案】they found the old man deadcheating in the examrunning
