1、北京市首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校2022届高三上学期10月检测英语试题第一部分:知识运用(共两节，25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题:每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.When twelve-yea
2、r-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931. he had no way of knowing that his life was to change 1_. The class experiment that day was to 2 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling(冒泡) to the surface Anyway, the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat
3、 3 _ held something more volatile (易挥发的)than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 4_, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾难)that had_5 their lives. But Wilson did not r
4、egard the accident as6He learned braille (盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became (an) _ 7_ public speaker.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 8_ for lack of proper treatment. For him,
5、 it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.Wilson received sev
6、eral interational9 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that its not what happens to us that10 our lives - its what we make of what happens.1、A.continually B.gradually C. completely D.gratefully 2、 A.direct B.show C.advance D.declare 3、A. mistakenly B. casuall
7、y C.amazingly D.embarrassedly 4、A.broke B. exploded C.emptied D.exposed 5、A. contributed to B. cared for C. impressed on D. happened to 6、A. remarkable B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 7、A. successful B.ordinary C. specific D.regular 8、A. deafness B. depression C. speechlessness D.blin
8、dness 9、A.scholarships B.rewards C. awards D.bonuses 10、A.claims B. distinguishes C. determines D. limits 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写】个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 AA clay pig_11_ (find) in Lianhe Ruins in Sichun province in 2019. t is estimated to be about 3,000
9、years old12. makes this finding unusual is its adorable appearance. The clay pig looks exactly like the green pig from The Angry Birds movie. _13 (it) cute image has left the Chinese netizen surprised and delighted, with many people joking that The Angry Birds character has traveled back in time to
10、prehistoric days. The topic _14_ (attract) 400 million views and 290,000 discussions since the pig was discovered.BWhen I decided to return to school at age thirty-five, I wasnt at all worried about my ability15(do) the work. After all, I was a grown woman who had raised a family, not a confused tee
11、nager fresh out of high school. But when I started classes, I realized that those “confused teenagers sitting around me were in much16 _(good) shape for collage than I was. They still had all their classroom skills in bright, shiny condition, _17mine had grown rusty (生锈的)from disuse. I had to learn
12、many things from the beginning.cWhen the clock strikes 2:30 in the afternoon, how do you usually feel? if you often feel tired and sleepy around this time, youre not alone! This tiredness,18(know) as the 2:30. feeling.is caused by your bodys natural cycle. Most people feel a big decrease 19 energy i
13、n the early afternoon and at night. During these times, your body temperature goes down. A chemical20causes you to feel tired is also released as your temperature lowers.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15 小题;每小题2分，共 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArbeia Roman Fort (城景) and MuseumLocation
14、and HistoryArbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrians Wall. lt was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrians Wall.
15、The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked. The ReconstructionsThe reconstructions of the Commanding Offices house and soldiers quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for
16、soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officers house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.The MuseumVisit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was re
17、ally like at that time. You will see weapons, tools. jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones(墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum st
18、aff. You can piece together pottery (陶器). or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.Opening Times and Getting There April 1-October 31:Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm. November 1-
19、March31Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed Decemher 25-26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby Website:www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia21. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort_A. was related t
20、o the military B. got reconstructions around AD 160 C. was built in a small area in Rome D. provided a comfortable life for soldiers 22. What can visitors do in the museum?A. See historical objects. B. Build tombstones for the dead. C. Write to ancient Romans. D.Try using old tools and weapons. 23.
21、What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close?A. On April 1. B.On October 31. C.On November 1. D.On December 26. BLearning to say “yes, andWhen I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted
22、 to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, a
23、nd. it means that, as improvisers, wed better accept what fellow performers say. lf someone says that rhinos(犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say“yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.The first few scenes were hard.
24、but as weeks turned into months, i became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with
25、a question that didnt grow out of the information Id presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the yes, and approach-accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about itThe benefits of improvis
26、ation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real. keep exploring the data and end up ide
27、ntifying a new type of cell-one that isnt behaving as expected.I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. lf the data say rhinos are librarians, then its worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isnt to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入
28、为主的) story, but to say yes, and.24. Why did the author attend the improvisation class?A. To get a different experience. B. To finish her Ph.D.a university.C.To give up her job as a science communicator.D.To improve her speaking and communicating ability.25.What was the authors change after attending
29、 the improvisation class?A. She formed her own idea quicklyB.She came up with lots of creative responses. C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.26. The author mentions applying the yes, and approach to her scientific experiments to
30、_.-.A. explain the process of using the methodB. prove the benefits of the improvisation class C. share her own research experiences with readersD. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class27. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?A. They should attend the i
31、mprovisation class. B. They should question all preconceived ideas.C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data. D. They should try to improve thcir professional knowledgeCSuccess and Risk in Extreme SportsWhat is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry fo
32、r the safety of the sidelines?Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for
33、 risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight morePsychologists note that some peop
34、le seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cooks appetite for risk appeared at a young age. I was a gymnast, she said. I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.
35、As she started doing harder tricks she was drawn to the challenge. There are moments when youre up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. To m
36、e, that just seems like the height of risk, he said. But to them it was the next step in an activity that theyveprepared for years. Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control.
37、 But from the athletes view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as the flow, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the presentSo
38、mething that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what youre doing. Murphy says. After its over. theres great excitement.People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be d
39、riven to adventures that others consider extreme. l can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around because thats my skill level, Murphy says. But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”28. By using the term “natural ceiling in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that_A. extreme athletes m
40、ust learn special skills B. extreme athletes have chances to take risks C. many pcople dont want to do extreme sports D. many people cant limit desire for extreme sports29.What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges B. They a
41、re more fortunate than other sportspeople C. They carry little risk when facing big challengesD. They have special reasons that others cant easily understand30. What main point is made in Paragraph 5?A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people dont use B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to tr
42、y extreme sports C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.D.A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely31. We can learn from the passage that_ A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid B. those who take risks are more likely to be successful
43、 in life C. extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others D. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people thinkDRound and Round They GoSpace is booming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit ( EO) satellites have beenlaunched into the sky, which are designed to mov
44、e around the Earth only a few hundred kilometers above its surface. SpaceX and One Web plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027.That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring internet connectivit
45、y to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.For t
46、hat to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. When enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision (碰撞) could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with probl
47、ems and pull them down into the Earths atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for dcbris. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.Cyber (网络的)-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers (黑客) could take
48、control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures
49、 will surely be taken to protect network securityThe third issue follows from the first two. lf there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms wishing to ope
50、rate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced.As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to
51、 other small planets. passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.32. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage?
52、A. They are supposed to limit the space economy B. They are expected to increase in large numbers.C. They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible.D. They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas33. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests_A. depend
53、ing entirely on the modern technology B. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefullyC. strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely D. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly34. What does the underlined word intensify in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Measure. B.Increase C.Spr
54、ead D. Repeat. 35. What is the authors attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites?A. It should be further confirmed for its ownership B. It should be continued because of its advantages. C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks D. it should be stopped in face of the space economy第二节
55、(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Our Amazing HandsThe hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without han
56、ds, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing36 Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. The thumb (拇指) alone iscontrolled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves(神经).The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the
57、 fingers extremely flexible._37Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals hac seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertcbrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. 38Nevertheless, there are still many d
58、ifferent types of hands in living animals. After years of research scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands 39 This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes (基因) that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network.
59、The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A birds wing and a lions paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common. _40_ lt may just be a litie more of one protein (蛋白) here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the ou
60、tward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well.A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes B. B. They also see that all hands start out in much the same wayC. It has kept that number for reasons scientists dont
61、yet know.D.No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other.E. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form. F.The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure.G. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set spr
62、ings in place under a microscope.第三部分:书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题:第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Shared Services Need More ImaginationSuppose you need to drill a hole in the wall to hang an item but do not own a power drill. You may regard it as expensive to buy
63、 a power drill and consider renting one. Sharing is the solution. The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee.The important idea of the sharing industry is that people might only need an item for a relatively s
64、hort period. The private part of shared services has been moving towards this area since the beginning of the 1980s, and then the public part has taken note of the benefits and continued for best practice. The United States and Australia among others have had shared services in government since the
65、late 1990s.With the rise of the sharing industry, the best-known shared bikes and shared cars have got a lot of public attention. This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasit popular among people in many cities.Of course shared services dont need to be limited to m
66、achines. The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items. For example, in todays casual environment, you dont need a tie unless youre going to a wedding or a job interview. So some companies, would let you pick up a tie when you needed it and only when you
67、needed it. Another example is an umbrella-sharing service. Since visitors dont want to be carrying umbrellas all the way, it would be cheaper and easier to simply borrow an umbrella on one street corner and drop it off on another.Recently organizations that have centralized their IT functions have b
68、egun to take a close look at the technology services that their IT departments provide for customers, evaluating where it makes sense to provide technology components. E-mail and scanning (扫描) operations were obvious early candidates. Many organizations are now offering their document-intensive oper
69、ations as a shared service. There is no doubt that people are calling for the expansion of shared services to more and more areas40.What is the sharing industry?41. Why does shared transportation receive attention from people?42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then unde
70、rline it and explain why.Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their convenience, but there are still calls for expansion to wider areas because they are currently restricted to machines43.Please provide another example of shared services and explain your reason. (about 40 words)第二节(20 分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了减少舌尖上的浪费，你校英语俱乐部拟举办有关“爱惜食物，从我做起”的英语演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括:1.食物浪费的现象及危害;2.你爱惜食物的做法;3.你的倡议。注意:1.词数不少于 80;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyoneThats all Thank you for listening.(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
