1、核心词汇诠释1.in addition 另外；也(经典佳句)In addition,the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table.此外，在中国老年人是最先品尝端上桌的食物。in addition “另外”，相当于副词in addition to “除以外(还)”，用作介词短语The products are of high quality.In addition,the price is low.这些产品质量很好，另外，价格低廉。In addition to food,I bought you s
2、ome books.除了食物，我还给你买了些书。即学即练 对比填空：in addition/in addition to(1)_,we would gain some experience.(2)_ his homework,he did many exercises.名师指津：in addition 的同义词：besides;whats moreIn additionIn addition to2.sort out 分类；整理；拣出(经典例句)He spent an hour sorting out the emails he had received.他花了一个小时整理他所收到的电子邮件。
3、all sorts of 各种各样的sort of 有点儿，有几分Have you sorted something out for tomorrow night？明天晚上安排了什么活动吗？In my opinion,he is sort of stubborn.依我看来，他有点儿固执。即学即练 单句写作To be honest,_ the papers that can be thrown away.诚实地说，把可以扔掉的文件选出来很困难。its very difficult to sort out归纳助记：“vout”短语荟萃look out 当心pick out 挑选sell out 卖
4、光put out 扑灭find out 查明“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句新知导引1(教材原句 P34)However,after a year or so in _ they became more serious about their work,the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.2(教材原句 P2)However,the next King of Prussia,Frederick William，to _ the amber room belonged,decided not to
5、 keep it.whichwhom3(教材原句 P34)Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs,for _ they are paid in cash.4(教材原句 P34)They may start as a group of high-school students,_ practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.whichfor whom共性呈现1以上四个句子都使用了“_”引导的定语从句。先行词若指物，那么介词后的关系代词用_；若指人，
6、则用_。2以上四个句子中，第句是_定语从句，第句是_定语从句。介词关系代词whichwhom限制性非限制性语法精释一、基本构成在“介词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用 which，指人用 whom，不可用 that 或 who 代替。There comes Tom,for whom I have been waiting an hour or so.汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number.他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。The university in w
7、hich my brother once studied is very famous.我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。即时演练 1 用“介词关系代词”填空(1)Our school is very beautiful,_ we are greatly proud.(2)Thank you for your help,_ we couldnt have finished it on time.(3)This is the man _ I learned a lot in my life.(4)Wang Hong,_ I went to the concert,enjoyed herself ve
8、ry much.of whichwithout whichfrom whomwith whom二、介词不能提前的情况有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有 listen to,look at,depend on,look for,pay attention to,take care of,look after,take part in,call on,catch up with,get along with,hear of,look forward to 等。This must be the key that she is looking for.这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥
9、匙。This is the baby whom you will look after.这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。即时演练 2 补全句子(1)As far as I know,he is a man _(很难相处)(2)This is the baby _(我奶奶照看的)who is hard to get along withwhom/that my grandma takes care of三、“介词关系代词”的拓展1复杂介词关系代词
10、用于该结构中的关系代词有 which,whom 和 whose。常用的复杂介词有 because of,in front of,as a result of 等。He was badly hurt in the accident,because of which he didnt go to work.他在事故中严重受伤。因此，他没去上班。They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy.他们来到一座农舍，农舍前面坐着一个男孩。2表部分或整体概念的“代词of关系代词”表示部分与整体概念的代词有 both,all,neither,no
11、ne,either,some,any,most,few,half 等。China has lots of islands,one of which is Hainan Island.中国有很多岛屿，其中之一是海南岛。The old man has three sons,all of whom care about him.那位老人有 3 个儿子，他们都很关心他。即时演练 3 补全句子(1)There are sixty students in our class in all,_(他们中的多数都来自农村)(2)Two girls came to see the car,_(她们中没有一个)li
12、kes it.(3)The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,_(它们中的 80%)are sold abroad.(4)He was ill yesterday,_(由于这些/这个)he couldnt go to school.most of whom are from villagesneither of whom80%of whichas a result of which3the名词of关系代词此结构用来代替“whose名词”，也可用“of which the名词”。They do experiment
13、s in a lab,the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows face south.他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。即时演练 4 补全句子(1)There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.有两栋建筑物，其中较大的那栋建筑物将近有 100 英尺高。(2)I saw some trees,the leaves of which were black because of disease.I saw some trees,_ were black bec
14、ause of disease.I saw some trees,_ were black because of disease.我看到一些树，由于生病树叶是黑的。the larger of whichwhose leavesof which the leaves4关系副词 when,where,why 可用“介词which”来代替I still remember the day when(on which)we met for the first time.我依然还记得我们第一次相遇的那一天。The police searched the house where(in which)the t
15、hief had stayed.警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。I dont know the reason why(for which)he performed badly.我不知道他为什么表现差。即时演练 5 句型转换(1)We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.We are in a position _ we may lose a large sum of money.(2)We are looking forward to the day when we will get together.We are l
16、ooking forward to the day _ we will get together.(3)I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty.I dont know the reason _ the house is so dirty.in whichon whichfor which四、the way 后定语从句的关系词way 表示“方法，方式”时，其后的定语从句有两种情况：1the way 的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用 that 和which 均可，作宾语时可省略。The way(that/which)he though
17、t of to prevent the air pollution was very good.他想出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。(关系词代替 the way 在定语从句中用作 thought of 的宾语)2the way 的关系词在定语从句中作方式状语时，用 that 或 in which 均可，现代英语倾向于省略关系词。I dont like the way(that/in which)you speak to your mother.我不喜欢你同你母亲说话的方式。即时演练 6 关系词填空(1)The villagers thought highly of the way _ we tr
18、eated the beggar.(2)The way _ you told me wasnt practical.(3)He suggested settling the problem in a way _ was peaceful.in which/thatthat/whichwhich/that.单句语法填空1We are very grateful to Mr.Li,without _ help we couldnt finish the task ahead of time.2The Greens have two girls,both of _ have been admitte
19、d to the key university.3He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.4The children,all of _ had played the whole day long,were tired.5This is the man _ whom I learned of the good news.whosewhomwhichwhomfrom6This is the man _ whom I have worked together for twenty years
20、.7The football team has 15 members,the oldest of _ is 25 years old.8The teacher with _ we are familiar will visit that museum.9This is the reason _ which he has been removed.10My father gave me some extra money,_ which I bought some books.withwhomwhomforwith.句式升级1The man has two sons,and both of the
21、m work as teachers.The man has two sons,_ work as teachers.2Recently I bought a toy car and the price of it was very reasonable.Recently I bought a toy car,_ was very reasonable.3There are two buildings and the taller one is nearly a hundred feet high.There are two buildings,_ which is nearly a hund
22、red feet high.both of whomthe price of whichthe taller of4I have bought two books recently.Neither of them interests my brother.I have bought two books recently,_ _.5In the distance there is a hill.On the top of it stands a white temple.In the distance there is a hill,on the top _ stands a white tem
23、ple.of whichneither of which interests my brother.语法填空The Beatles was an English rock musical band formed in Liverpool in 1960.The four members John Lennon,Paul McCartney,George Harrison and Ringo Starr were considered 1._(be)the greatest and most influential(有影响的)artists in rock music.1答案与解析：to be
24、考查非谓语动词。consider.to be.意为“认为是”。The Beatles built their fame by 2._(play)in clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period.In late 1962,they released their first hit Love Me Do,after 3._they gained great popularity in the United Kingdom.2答案与解析：playing 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词 by的宾语，且 The Beatles 与 pla
25、y 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填playing。3答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。设空处所在分句为“介词(after)关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 Love Me Do，故填 which。By early 1964,they 4._(become)international pop stars,even playing a big part in the United States pop market.From 1965 on,the Beatles produced 5._many critics consider as their finest material,inclu
26、ding the 6._(wide)influential albums Rubber Soul(1965),Revolver(1966),Sgt.Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band(1967)，The Beatles(1968)and Abbey Road(1969)4答案与解析：had become 考查动词的时态。由 By early 1964 可知，become 所表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填 had become。5答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，作 produced 的宾语，且在从句中作 consider
27、的宾语，且由下文可知，设空处指的是唱片集，故填 what。6答案与解析：widely 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰形容词influential，故填 widely。After their break-up in 1970,they enjoyed 7._(success)musical careers,Although Lennon 8._(shoot)by a crazy fan in 1980,and Harrison died 9._ cancer in 2001,McCartney and Starr,the surviving members,continue to remain mu
28、sically active.7答案与解析：successful 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰careers，表示“成功的”，故填 successful。8答案与解析：was shot 考查动词的时态和语态。由 in 1980可知，shoot 所表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且 Lennon与 shoot 之间是被动关系，故填 was shot。9答案与解析：of 考查介词。die of cancer 意为“死于癌症”。In 2004,Rolling Stone magazine ranked the Beatles as the greatest 10._(music)of all time.10答案与解析：musicians 考查名词。设空处作 as 的宾语，其前有形容词最高级修饰，且 the Beatles 在此指该乐队的几位成员，故填 musicians。
