1、中国人民大学附属中学通州校区2020-2021学年度第一学期高三英语统练试卷（二）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.He may have the belief that he is not capable of it. A c
2、hild may think he is stupid because he doesnt understand how to make the _1_ of his mental faculties（才能）. Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of learning something new because of their _2_.A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real _3_ because he feels that it w
3、ould be useless. He wont go at a job with confidence necessary for success and he wont work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so. He is _4_ likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his competence.Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had an experience like this. Whe
4、n he was a small boy, he had a poor start in maths. His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not _5_ too much of him. In this way, they also _6_ the idea. He accepted their mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to _7_ and was very poor at
5、maths, just as they expected.One day he worked at a problem which _8_ of the other students had been able to solve. Alder _9_ in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now worked with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at _10_. He not only proved that
6、he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability.1. A. biggestB. mostC. highestD. deepest2. A. abilityB. ageC. brainD. knowledge3. A. dec
7、isionB. successC. effortD. trouble4. A. trulyB. reallyC. howeverD. therefore5. A. blameB. expectC. getD. win6. A. developedB. organizedC. discoveredD. found7. A. manageB. succeedC. tryD. act8. A. noneB. nothingC. everybodyD. nobody9. A. gaveB. succeededC. failedD. believed10. A. lessonsB. medicineC.
8、 subjectsD. maths【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D【解析】本文为议论文。本文以Alfred Alder医生在小学学习数学的事情为例，论证了自信心对于人的学习、工作的重要性。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子可能认为他很笨，因为他不知道如何充分利用他的智力。A. biggest最大的；B. most最多的；C. highest最高的；D. deepest最深的。根据语境，一个认为自己很笨的孩子，不知道如何“充分利用”他自己的智力，“make the most of”为固定短语，意为“充分利用、
9、获得最大利益”，故选B。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年纪大的人可能会错误地认为他们因为年纪大而不能学习新东西。A. ability能力；B. age年纪；C. brain大脑；D. knowledge知识。该句与上一句“A child may think he is stupid because”并列，“Older people”指老年人，他们误认为他们不能学习新东西的原因在于他们的年龄（age）。故选B。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个认为自己无能的人不会尽一切努力的，因为他觉得这样做也没有用。A. decision决定；B. success成功；C. effort努力；D.
10、 trouble麻烦。根据“A person who believes that he is incapable”和“because he feels that it would be useless”可知，无能的人认为自己再努力也没有用，因此不愿意拼尽全力，make an effort指“尽力、努力”，故选C。4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他很可能会失败，而失败会强化他对自己能力（欠缺）的（错误的）信念。A. truly真实地；B. really真正地；C. however然而；D. therefore因此。根据上文“He wont go at a job with confide
11、nce necessary for success and he wont work his hardest way ”和常识可知，一个人做事情的时候没有自信而且不愿意全力以赴，因此他很可能会失败，这里为因果关系，therefore表示“因此，从而”。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的老师告诉他的父母他不擅长数学，为的是他们不要对他期望过高。A. blame责备；B. expect期待；C. get得到；D. win赢。根据“he had a poor start in maths”可知，他数学一开始就不好，因此老师告诉他的父母不要对他期待过高，“expect too much
12、of him”指对他期望过高。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就这样，他们也强化了这个想法。A. developed发展，增进；B. organized组织；C. discovered发现；D. found找到。develop在此引申为“强化、增进”，老师和家长两方面的态度进一步强化了他缺少数学才能这一观点。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他们所预料的那样，他接受了他们对他能力的错误看法，觉得努力是没有用的，他的数学学得很差。A. manage管理，设法；B. succeed成功；C. try努力，尝试；D. act行动。根据上文“He accepted their
13、 mistaken thinking of his ability”可知，他接受了对他的能力的错误看法，认为再“努力（try）”也无济于事，try在此指“努力、尝试”。故选C。【8题详解】考查不定代词用法辨析。句意：一天，他在做一道其他学生都没能解决的题。A. none没有人；B. nothing没有什么；C. everybody每个人；D. nobody没有人。根据下文“Alder _9_ in solving the problem. This gave him confidence.”可知，他解出了这道题，并且给了他自信，可推断出这道题很难，其他同学没有一个能解出。选项D. nobody
14、为易错项，二者的区别是：none 既可指人也可指物，此处指人，且其后通常要接表示范围的of短语，而nobody只指人，且不能与of连用，所以排除D项，故选A。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alder成功地做出了这道题。A. gave (in)屈服，让步；B. succeeded (in)成功；C. failed（常跟不定式）失败；D. believed (in)信任，相信。根据下文“This gave him confidence.”可知，他成功地做出了这道题，这给了他信心。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他现在有兴趣、有决心、有目的地学习，很快他的数学学得特别好。A. l
15、essons功课；B. medicine医学，医药；C. subjects科目；D. maths数学。根据下文“He not only proved that he could learn maths well”可知，他证明了他能够学好数学，因此这里尤指在数学方面变得特别擅长，故选D。第二节 语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。At 9 feet tall and weighing about 250 pounds, the ostrich (鸵鸟) is
16、the worlds largest bird. As the myth goes, a frightened ostrich will bury its head in the sand _11_ (make) itself invisible to its hunters. If that sounds like a “bird-brained” way to escape danger, youre right! Actually, the ostrich plays dead in this way. When this behavior _12_ (see) from a dista
17、nce, the ostrichs head might not be visible, _13_ (give) the false impression that its head is buried.【答案】11. to make 12. is seen 13. giving【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了鸵鸟高9英尺，重约250磅，是世界上最大的鸟类，以及受惊的鸵鸟会把头埋进沙子里装死的习性。11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：传说中，受惊的鸵鸟会把头埋进沙子里，这样猎人就看不见它了。分析句子结构可知make在句中为非谓语形式做状语，且此处表目的应用不定式。故填to make。【12题详
18、解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当这种行为从远处看，鸵鸟的头可能是看不见的，给人一种它的头是埋着的错误印象。句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为behavior，谓语动词用单数。故填is seen。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当这种行为从远处看，鸵鸟的头可能是看不见的，给人一种它的头是埋着的错误印象。分析句子结构可知give在句中为非谓语形式做状语，且表示自然而然的结果用现在分词。故填giving。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。I picked up the ph
19、one, slowly dialing the number to her house. All I could think was _14_ we could possibly have a conversation about. Nothing! I didnt think I could have anything in common with the person _15_ is 50 years older than me. “Your grandmother wont be around forever,” my mom said, so I just did what she t
20、old me and called my grandmother. What I didnt know was that the phone call _16_ (change) my attitude to life.【答案】14. what 15. who/ that 16. would change/ was going to change【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者给祖母打电话时的心理活动。【14题详解】考查连接词。句意：我满脑子想的都是我们能聊些什么。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”应用what引导。故填what。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我认为
21、我和那个比我大50岁的人没有任何共同之处。此处为定语从句修饰先行词person，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that。故填who/ that。【16题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我所不知道的是这个电话将会改变我对生活的态度。此处可理解为表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态用过去将来时，故可填would change；也可理解为过去进行时表将来时，用be going to结构，主语为the phone call，谓语动词用单数。故填would change/ was going to change。【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：1、看清楚先行
22、词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。如第二小题，句意：我认为我和那个比我大50岁的人没有任何共同之处。此处为定语从句修饰先行词person
23、，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that。故填who/ that。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ten years ago, people bought electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce their carbon footprint. _17_ the limited range and high price made EVs something of a rare sight on roads. A lot can change in a d
24、ecade. Advances in battery technology _18_ (mean) electric cars now travel much further on a single charge. Government grants (补贴) serve to draw buyers away from gasoline-powered cars. The change will have a huge impact _19_ life. Roads will become far _20_ (quiet) and pollution levels will be reduc
25、ed quickly, potentially leading to improved quality of life.【答案】17. But/ Yet 18. mean 19. on 20. quieter【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如今因为电池技术的进步和政府补贴的作用，电动汽车正变得常见，这种变化将对生活产生巨大的影响。道路将变得更加安静，污染水平将迅速降低，这可能会提高生活质量。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：但是/然而有限的范围和高昂的价格使电动车成为道路上罕见的景象。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，故用连词but，或用连接副词yet。句首字母要大写。故填But/ Yet。【18题
26、详解】考查动词时态。句意：电池技术的进步意味着现在电动汽车一次充电行驶的距离要远得多。此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为advances，谓语动词用原形。故填mean。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：这种变化将对生活产生巨大的影响。根据短语have a huge impact on表示“对有巨大影响”。故填on。【20题详解】考查比较级。句意：道路将变得更加安静，污染水平将迅速降低，这可能会提高生活质量。结合句意表示“更加安静”应用形容词比较级形式quieter。故填quieter。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、
27、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AWorlds loneliest marathonMany of us know about Russias Lake Baikal from our textbooks, or by listening to Chinese singer Li Jians hit song, Lake Baikal. But over the past decade, the worlds deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.Each March
28、 since 2005, about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon. They come to explore the lakes breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.The 26-mile (41.84-kilometers) journey starts on the lakes eastern shore. In March, the ice is a meter thic
29、k and iron-hard. Runners cross this frozen surface, finishing on the western side of the lake.Known as the “blue eye of Siberia”, Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters. This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “Seen from above, a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging thr
30、ough space,” The New York Times noted.The landscape might be beautiful, but its also harsh. Strong winds blast across the lake and frostbite can occur within half an hour. Runners say the cold climate is what draws them. They want to test their limits.“When you are in such an environment, you dont h
31、ave cars around you, you dont have the noise around. I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature,” Alicja Barahona, a 64-year-old runner from the US, told ABC News.The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the sta
32、rt, but the endless white offers no progress markers. The race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping selfies (自拍) and just ignore the runners.For some runners, the absence of spectators (观众) makes the race more challenging, because its lonely.
33、They must fight with themselves. “You are alone on Baikal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself,” Veronique Messina, a French runner, told the Telegraph.21. What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the article?A. It takes runners from the
34、northern end to the southern end of the lake.B. It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.C. It attracts more and more participants each year.D. It is about 26 kilometers in length.22. In Paragraph 5, the underlined word “harsh” probably means _.A. interestingB. mysteriousC. severeD. safe23.
35、 How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons?A. Only men are allowed to run in this race.B. The runners can see the finish line from the start.C. The runners are often distracted by tourists.D. There are many progress markers on the ice.24. What is the most challenging part of the r
36、ace for Messina?A. Loneliness.B. The long distance.C. The cold climate.D. Noisy surroundings.【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最孤独的马拉松是在贝加尔湖畔。自2005年以来，每年3月，来自世界各地的人报名参加贝加尔湖冰马拉松。他们来这里探索湖泊的美丽，并在不可预知的条件下挑战自己，测试自己的极限。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Each March since 2005, about 150 people from a
37、round the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon. They come to explore the lakes breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions. ” 自2005年以来，每年三月都会有来自世界各地的150人报名参加贝加尔湖冰上马拉松。他们来这里是为了探索湖的美，在不可预知的条件下挑战自己。由此可知冰马拉松涉及极端的天气和美丽的风景，故选B。【22题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“Strong winds blast across t
38、he lake and frostbite can occur within half an hour.” 强风吹过湖面，半小时内就会冻伤，由此可推断上文的转折应该是天气也是残酷的，由此可知，harsh同severe同义，意为“残酷的，恶劣的”，故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第七段“The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the start, but the endless white offers n
39、o progress markers.” 这个地点为这次马拉松比赛提供了一些奇怪而独特的特点。从一开始就可以看到终点线，但无尽的白色没有任何进展标记。由此可知从一开始就看到终点线成为冰马拉松的独特特点，故选B。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“For some runners, the absence of spectators (观众) makes the race more challenging, because its lonely.” 对于一些赛跑者来说，缺少观众使得比赛更具挑战性，因为比赛很孤单。因此孤单是比赛最具挑战的那部分。故选A。【点睛】词义猜测题，要根据词、词组、句子
40、所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。4.根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预
41、测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。5. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。6.根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测.根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某
42、一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如小题2就是通过上下文解释来进行猜测的，故选C。BWhen a typical kid hums (哼唱) a tune, its usually something like “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star,” not Finnish composer Jean Sibeliuss Violin Concerto in D Minor.So when Nygel Witherspoon began to hum the very difficult concerto (协奏曲), hi
43、s family guessed that he should have music lessons. He was, however, just 3 years old.“He was calm, with an ability to focus,” recalled David Holmes, Witherspoons cello (大提琴) teacher from age 3 to 16.Witherspoon is a familiar name in his hometown. He has inherited his talent from both sides of his f
44、amily, including his aunt, the late jazz vocalist Shirley Witherspoon.The 17-year-old doesnt see himself as competitive. “I think its more important for students to have a supportive environment than a competitive one,” he said. “Its great to have a support system, where you can be yourself and impr
45、ove right along with others doing the same thing.”Witherspoons love of music blossomed as he attended viola (中提琴) lessons with older siblings (兄弟姐妹). Their teacher, David France, noticed that the little boy was a sponge (海绵).“Hed absorb everything they did,” France said. Witherspoon was given a box
46、violin, but he wanted to play “the big one” the cello. He loved its size and tone. Thats when he was matched with his teacher Holmes.Witherspoons drive is inspired by the connection music provides. He recalled that he and his siblings performed as a chamber trio (室内乐三重奏) at their grandmothers nursin
47、g home. The positive reaction from residents gave him motivation.“Its so important, whether its hip-hop or classical,” he said. “Music is the universal language. It connects all of us.”His mother runs an in-home day care where lucky children can hear Witherspoons concertos as background music.Wither
48、spoon finds the noisy environment helpful in terms of learning to focus and play with distractions. As he practices in the kitchen sometimes children toddle (蹒跚学步) up to listen.Despite years of performing, Witherspoon said he still gets nervous sometimes.“But once Im on stage, I connect with my inst
49、rument and try to tell a story with my music.”25. How was Witherspoon different from other kids when he was 3?A. He began to teach himself music.B. He was able to hum very difficult tunes.C. He had already made up his mind to learn violin.D. He could already play the songs to which hed listened.26.
50、What does Witherspoon think is important for music learners?A. Practicing hard.B. Being very competitive.C. Being in a supportive environment.D. Having a good teacher from an early age.27. What is Frances impression of Witherspoon?A. He is a fast learner.B. He is a creative player.C. He works very h
51、ard.D. He is open-minded.28. What is the main purpose of Paragraphs 8 and 9?A. To compare Witherspoons performance with his siblings.B. To show that motivation plays a big role in music studies.C. To stress how music connects people.D. To show how studying music helped Witherspoon overcome difficult
52、ies.【答案】25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了Witherspoon在小时候展露音乐天赋，家人们支持他去学习音乐，以及他超强的音乐学习能力和他对音乐的一些看法。他认为音乐是世界通用的语言，它连接着我们所有人，我们可以用音乐讲述一个故事。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“When a typical kid hums (哼唱) a tune, its usually something like “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star,” not Finnish composer Jean Sibeliuss Violin
53、Concerto in D Minor.”（当一个典型的孩子哼唱一首曲子，通常是类似“一闪一闪亮晶晶的小星星”的曲子，而不是芬兰作曲家西贝柳斯的D小调小提琴协奏曲）可知，普通孩子哼唱的是简单的曲子；以及第二段“So when Nygel Witherspoon began to hum the very difficult concerto (协奏曲), his family guessed that he should have music lessons. He was, however, just 3 years old.”（所以当Nygel Witherspoon开始哼唱非常困难的协奏
54、曲时，他的家人猜测他应该去上音乐课。然而，那时候他只有3岁）可知，Witherspoon与其他的孩子不一样，在三岁的时候他能哼出非常难的曲子。故选B项。【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“I think its more important for students to have a supportive environment than a competitive one,” he said. “Its great to have a support system, where you can be yourself and improve right along with other
55、s doing the same thing.”（他表示: 我认为，对学生来说，有一个支持性的环境比竞争性的环境更重要。有一个支持系统是很棒的，在这个系统中，你可以做你自己，并且和其他人一起做同样的事情）可知，Witherspoon认为对于音乐学者来说处于一个支持性的环境中是很重要的。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段“Hed absorb everything they did,” France said. Witherspoon was given a box violin, but he wanted to play “the big one” the cello. He l
56、oved its size and tone. Thats when he was matched with his teacher Holmes.”（法兰士说：“他会吸收他们所做的一切”。威瑟斯彭被给予了一把盒式小提琴，但他想弹奏最重要的那一把大提琴。因为他喜欢它的大小和音调。那时他就用大提琴和他的老师福尔摩斯配合弹奏）可推知，France认为Witherspoon学东西很快，因为Witherspoon在收到大提琴的时候就可以和他的音乐老师配合弹奏。故选A项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第八段“Witherspoons drive is inspired by the connection
57、 music provides. He recalled that he and his siblings performed as a chamber trio (室内乐三重奏) at their grandmothers nursing home. The positive reaction from residents gave him motivation.”（威瑟斯彭的动力来自于音乐提供的连接。他回忆说,他和他的兄弟姐妹在他们的祖母的养老院进行室内乐三重奏。养老院的居民的积极反应给了他动力）可知，他和兄弟姐妹弹奏音乐，音乐使得他们与养老院的居民联系在一起。第九段“Its so imp
58、ortant, whether its hip-hop or classical,” he said. “Music is the universal language. It connects all of us.”（他说：“这很重要，无论是嘻哈音乐还是古典音乐，音乐是世界通用的语言。它连接着我们所有人。”）可知，音乐是世界通用的语言，连接着我们所有人。综上，第八第九段的目的是强调音乐是如何联系人们的。故选C项。CA history of vaccinationEBOLA, a deadly virus, has become one of the worlds biggest proble
59、ms this summer. Since last December, it has killed over 1,200 people, most of them in West Africa.Scientists all over the world are acting to stop the “monster”. They are developing medicines, but more importantly, they are experimenting with vaccines to prevent people from getting infected in the f
60、irst place.That change happened largely because of the British doctor and scientist Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination. Vaccination has always been a powerful shield against diseases. The names of those diseases used to be frightening household names, but now they are all but forgott
61、en.Jenner was born in England in 1749. In his time, smallpox was one of the greatest killers of the period, especially among children. But Jenner noticed that milkmaids seldom caught smallpox.What was the secret? Jenner had a brave guess: Cows sometimes caught “cowpox”, a disease similar to smallpox
62、 but much less dangerous. The pus from the cows body got onto the milkmaids hands and protected them from smallpox.In 1796 Jenner carried out an experiment on an 8-year-old boy, the son of his gardener. He first made some scratches on the boys arm, and then rubbed the pus into them. Later, when the
63、boy was exposed to the smallpox virus, he wasnt infected.Jenners theory was proven: a less dangerous virus makes your body learn to destroy it. Your body can then more easily destroy any similar viruses that it later meets.However, many people couldnt accept his idea at the time. To them, it was dis
64、gusting to put material from a diseased animal into someones body.An opponent drew a cartoon in 1802 in which people who were vaccinated began to grow cows heads.But the obvious effects of vaccination won out, and vaccination soon became widespread.The terms “vaccine” and “vaccination” came from var
65、iolae vaccinae, which Jenner used to call “cowpox”. To honor Jenner, people are now using the terms for inoculation against any disease.So, when will Jenners legacy save people from Ebola?It wont take long, according to the World Health Organization. It is expecting to consider the emergency use of
66、Ebola vaccines by the end of 2014.29. What does the article mainly talk about?A. How vaccinations protect us from dangerous diseases.B. The common efforts of scientists to find a cure for Ebola.C. How the first vaccine and vaccinations came about.D. Edward Jenners fight against smallpox.30. From the
67、 text we can conclude that Jenner _.A. cured people after they had smallpoxB. interviewed many milkmaids before he tested his theoryC. found that the smallpox vaccine worked better on children than adultsD. came up with a theory based on observation and his knowledge of diseases31. What could be inf
68、erred from the article?A. Jenners smallpox vaccine could be used to fight against Ebola.B. Smallpox vaccination was not widely accepted by the public at first.C. The way vaccines work has changed a lot over the years.D. It will only take months before Ebola vaccines are widely used.【答案】29. C 30. D 3
69、1. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国医生和科学家Edward Jenner是如何发明第一个疫苗的故事。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“That change happened largely because of the British doctor and scientist Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination. Vaccination has always been a powerful shield against diseases. The names of those diseases used t
70、o be frightening household names, but now they are all but forgotten.(这一变化的发生很大程度上要归功于英国医生和科学家Edward Jenner，天花疫苗的先驱。疫苗接种一直是抵抗疾病的有力屏障。这些疾病的名字曾经是骇人听闻的家喻户晓的名字，但现在几乎都被人遗忘了)”以及倒数第三段“The terms “vaccine” and “vaccination” came from variolae vaccinae, which Jenner used to call “cowpox”. To honor Jenner, peo
71、ple are now using the terms for inoculation against any disease.(术语“vaccine”和“vaccination”来自牛痘疫苗，Jenner过去称之为“牛痘”。为了纪念Jenner，现在人们都用这个词来表示对任何疾病的接种)”结合文章主要讲述了英国医生和科学家Edward Jenner是如何发明第一个疫苗的故事。可知，这篇文章主要讲了第一个疫苗和接种疫苗是如何诞生的。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“That change happened largely because of the British doctor
72、and scientist Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination.(这一变化的发生很大程度上要归功于英国医生和科学家Edward Jenner，天花疫苗的先驱)”；第四段“Jenner was born in England in 1749. In his time, smallpox was one of the greatest killers of the period, especially among children. But Jenner noticed that milkmaids seldom caught sm
73、allpox.( Jenner于1749年出生在英国。在他的时代，天花是当时最大的杀手之一，尤其是儿童。但Jenner注意到挤奶女工很少感染天花)”以及第五段“What was the secret? Jenner had a brave guess: Cows sometimes caught “cowpox”, a disease similar to smallpox but much less dangerous. The pus from the cows body got onto the milkmaids hands and protected them from smallp
74、ox.(秘密是什么？Jenner做了一个大胆的猜测：牛有时会感染“牛痘”，一种与天花相似但危险小得多的疾病。奶牛身上的脓流到了挤奶女工的手上，使她们免受天花的侵袭)”可推知，Jenner是基于观察和他对疾病的了解而提出了一个理论。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“However, many people couldnt accept his idea at the time. To them, it was disgusting to put material from a diseased animal into someones body.(然而，当时许多人无法接受他的想法
75、。对他们来说，把患病动物的物质放入一个人的身体里令人恶心)”可推知，天花疫苗最初并没有被公众广泛接受。故选B。DSometimes its hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys past-age-old castles, splendid homes and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the t
76、errible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).The original iron
77、boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending m
78、ost of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls
79、 to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles th
80、at are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Ot
81、hers also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said t
82、hat one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. “I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.32. The phone boxes are making a comeback _.A. t
83、o form a beautiful sight of the cityB. to improve telecommunications servicesC. to remind people of a historical periodD. to meet the requirement of green economy33. Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A. They were not well-designed.B. They provided bad services.C. They h
84、ad too short a history.D. They lost to new technologies.34. The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of _.A. their new appearance and lower pricesB. the push of the local organizationsC. their changed roles and functionsD. the big funding of the businessmen【答案】32. C 33. D 34. C【解析】这是一篇说明文
85、。文章讲述了在英国，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来，一些商人使电话亭角色和功能发生了变化，电话亭又变得流行起来。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Sometimes its hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys past-age-old castles, splendid homes. and red phone boxes.(有时候真的很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去
86、历史的机构和物品-古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅还有红色的电话亭)和最后一段Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.(英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代)可知，电话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the
87、 rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.(在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages
88、 as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.(随着英格利斯和后来的其他商人开始工作，改装后的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色)和第六段In rural areas, where ambulances can
89、 take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.(在农村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用)以及第七段Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.(其他人也在电话亭寻找商机)可推断出，电话亭之所以变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最
90、佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking._35_Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the
91、 “public”at the expense of the “speaking. ” _36_ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders co
92、nstantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one._37_Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker._38_And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion
93、 athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis._39_Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make yo
94、ur presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You don t need to apologize for a minor slip.D. W
95、hen it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.【答案】35. G 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D【
96、解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。【35题详解】本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题-演讲者要训练。故选G。【36题详解】下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。【37题详
97、解】本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。【38题详解】本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。【39题详解】下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anti
98、cipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。第三部分：写作（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；4041每题2分；42题3分；43题5分；共12分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Kobe Bryant wasnt the first NBA player to visit China. But he was the first player to help China grow into a basketball-crazed nation.Kobe
99、s first visit was in 1998, and in conducting basketball clinics, doing business and participating in charity, he was warmly welcomed in the basketball-loving country. Once, nearly 15,000 people showed up at 9 am for an event at which Kobe was scheduled to appear at 4 pm.USA Basketball chairman Jerry
100、 Colangelo saw firsthand Kobes popularity during Kobes time with Team USA at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, when as captain he led the team to a gold medal. “There were tens of thousands of people on the streets, yelling, Kobe! Kobe! It was unbelievable, just unbelievable,” Colangelo said.“Its harder fo
101、r me to walk around here than in the United States,” Kobe once told reporters in China in 2013. “Its uncontrollable. Fans rush you and surround you, and it gets to the point where you cant go out.”His last visit was in August last year for the 2019 FIBA World Cup. He told reporters, “I watched the c
102、ountry develop from the ground up. I watched Beijing grow. I watched the passion for the game develop. My goal is to develop the countrys basketball to a level where they can compete with the best basketball countries in the world,” Kobe said.Kobe was and perhaps remains Chinas favourite NBA player,
103、 and fans in the country were shocked by his death in a helicopter crash in January this year. Tencent, the NBAs digital partner in China, posted a memorial page that drew more than five million visitors in less than five days.Just two days before Kobe died, he posted a short video on the Chinese mi
104、cro-blogging site Weibo, wishing Chinese fans a happy new year. How sorrowful his fans are when they watch the video again!40. Apart from being an excellent NBA players, what else makes Kobe Bryant special to Chinese fans?41. What does the author want to prove, telling us what Jerry Colangelo saw at
105、 the 2008 Beijing Olympics?42. What made Kobe Bryant confident that Chinas basketball can be one of the best in the world?43. How do you find Kobe Bryant? Please give your reason.【答案】40. He was the first player to help China grow into a basketball-crazed nation. 41. That Kobe enjoys great popularity
106、 in China. 42. He saw Chinas development and Chinese peoples passion for basketball 43. Open【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了NBA球员Kobe Bryant对帮助中国成长为一个篮球狂热国家所付出的努力，记叙了他为中国所做的一些贡献以及对中国篮球发展的看法。【40题详解】考查细节理解题。根据第一段“Kobe Bryant wasnt the first NBA player to visit China. But he was the first player to help China grow
107、into a basketball-crazed nation.(科比布莱恩特并不是第一个访问中国的NBA球员。但他是第一个帮助中国成长为一个篮球狂热国家的球员)”可知，科比除了是一名优秀的NBA球员，对中国球迷来说他的特别之处还在于他是第一个帮助中国成长为一个为篮球而疯狂的国家的球员。故答案为He was the first player to help China grow into a basketball-crazed nation.【41题详解】考查推理判断题。根据第三段“USA Basketball chairman Jerry Colangelo saw firsthand Ko
108、bes popularity during Kobes time with Team USA at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, when as captain he led the team to a gold medal. “There were tens of thousands of people on the streets, yelling, Kobe! Kobe! It was unbelievable, just unbelievable,” Colangelo said.(美国篮球队主席Jerry Colangelo亲眼目睹了科比在2008年北京奥运会
109、上的受欢迎程度，当时他作为队长带领美国队夺得了金牌。“街上有成千上万的人在喊，科比！科比！这太难以置信了，简直不可思议，” Colangelo说)”可知，作者通过告诉我们Jerry Colangelo在2008年北京奥运会上的所见所闻，想要证明科比在中国很受欢迎。故答案为That Kobe enjoys great popularity in China.【42题详解】考查细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“He told reporters, “I watched the country develop from the ground up. I watched Beijing grow. I wa
110、tched the passion for the game develop. My goal is to develop the countrys basketball to a level where they can compete with the best basketball countries in the world,” Kobe said.(他告诉记者：“我看着这个国家从头开始发展。我看着北京发展。我看着人们对这项运动的热情不断高涨。我的目标是把中国的篮球发展到一个可以与世界上最好的篮球国家竞争的水平。”)”可知，科比相信中国篮球可以成为世界上最好的篮球之一，因为他看到了中国
111、的发展和中国人对篮球的热情。故答案为He saw Chinas development and Chinese peoples passion for basketball.【43题详解】本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可，答案不唯一。第二节 书面表达（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的美国笔友Chris正在学习汉语。他得知你校在线开设了中国诗词课程，非常感兴趣并想参加学习，便写信给你，希望你介绍相关情况。请根据以下提示给他写一封回信。内容包括：（1）你校使用钉钉（DingTalk）软件进行在线教学此课程；（2）使用钉钉（DingTalk）的方法；（3）在线中国诗词课程的特色。注意
112、：（1）词数100左右；（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris,_Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Chris,Im glad that you show great interest in Chinese culture. The course of Chinese poetry online attracted most of students in our school and aroused our passion for traditional Chinese culture.Now let me tell you this course in deta
113、il. As we know, we are living in a high-tech era, an application called DingTalk acts as class temporarily. The using methods are simple and convenient. First, download this application and enter the class group. Next, click the button of “class online” and find the live telecast to learn the class
114、online.The course of Chinese poetry online has many advantages. Not only can you play it again and again, but also you can pause and go back at any time if you dont understand what teachers say. Besides, the teacher could put more interesting examples without worrying about time of class because we
115、can speed up the class or skip the chapter we dont need. I hope what I say can be helpful for you. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给正在学习汉语的美国笔友Chris介绍学校开设的在线中国诗词课程的相关情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.你校使用钉钉（DingTalk）
116、软件进行在线教学此课程；2. 使用钉钉（DingTalk）的方法；3. 在线中国诗词课程的特色。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）be glad that; show great interest in; as we know; acts as; not onlybut also; besides; speed up; be helpful for; looking forward to 第三步：连词成句1. Im glad that you show great interest in Chinese culture. 2. As we know, we are living in a high-
117、tech era, an application called DingTalk acts as class temporarily. 3. Not only can you play it again and again, but also you can pause and go back at any time if you dont understand what teachers say. 4. Besides, the teacher could put more interesting examples without worrying about time of class b
118、ecause we can speed up the class or skip the chapter we dont need. 5. I hope what I say can be helpful for you.6. Looking forward to your reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First, Next2.表并列补充关系：Besides, Not onlybut (also) 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clau
119、se(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat （供参考）4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 Not only can you play it again and again, but also you can pause and go back at any time if you dont understand what teachers say. （运用了Not onlybut also结构的倒装以及if引导的条件状语从句）高分句型2 Besides, the teacher could put more interesting examples without worrying about time of class because we can speed up the class or skip the chapter we dont need. （运用了because引导的原因状语从句和定语从句）
