1、北京市朝阳区2023 2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测高一英语2024.1（考试时间100分钟 满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of an old ladys house. We aimed to see how
2、the stones 1 to falling stars as they rolled off the roof and shot into the yard. I found a perfectly smooth rock. It was too smooth, however, so it slipped（滑落）from my hand as I threw it and it 2 for a small window of the house.Hearing the sound of breaking glass, I knew I was 3 . I was too scared a
3、bout getting caught that night to be 4 about the old lady with the broken window in such a cold winter. However, a few days later, I started to feel sorry for her 5 . She still greeted me each day with a smile.I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for what I did. Fin
4、ally, I made it. I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would be enough to 6 the cost.I waited until it was dark. I went up to her house 7 and put the letter I didnt sign in her door in secret. At that moment, I
5、 felt that I could have the 8 , once again, to look into the old ladys kind eyes.The next day, I handed her the paper and was able to 9 her warm smile. She thanked me and gave me a bag of cookies.After several cookies, I felt an envelope. When I opened it, I was 10 to see the seven dollars and a sho
6、rt note that said, “Im proud of you.”1. A. ranB. jumpedC. changedD. added2. A. waitedB. headedC. lookedD. called3. A. in troubleB. in tearsC. in reliefD. in danger4. A. nervousB. carefulC. serious.D. concerned5. A. challengeB. sufferingC. pressureD. sadness6. A. coverB. cutC. raiseD. count7. A. humb
7、lyB. painfullyC. quietlyD. proudly8. A. patienceB. desireC. courageD. inspiration9. A. recordB. returnC. rewardD. realize10. A. eagerB. excitedC. stressedD. surprised第二节 选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。due to be addicted to live up to rather than make an efforttake advant
8、age of represent have an impact on enable deal with11. The red lines on the map _ railways.12. This money would _ me to open my own business. 13. The smoke in the air was _a wildfire in the nearby forest.14. You should _ the hotels gym and pool while youre there.15. Ones general knowledge about heal
9、th _ their lifestyle choices.16. Tim _ coffee and cant do anything in the morning until hes had some.17. The girl has failed to _ the problem of homesickness while traveling abroad.18. After losing the game, he _ to hide his disappointment ,but we all saw it in his face.19. Weve heard lots of good n
10、ews about the restaurant and its food _ our expectation too.20. _ driving around all day looking for places to park, why dont you take a bus into town?第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式琪空。21. Dr. Brown is a senior professor _ views are widely respec
11、ted.22. The little girl _（cry）her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.23. Tom was my leader and he promised that he_（help）me if necessary.24. We were_（amaze）to see John looking so well , so soon after his operation.25. When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he_（examine）by the doctor
12、.26. He imagined all sorts of _（excite）things about studying and living in college.27. After a heated discussion, we came up with the way_（solve）the funding problem.28. When a baby is one month old in China, a Full Moon ceremony_（hold）to celebrate it.29. They were impressed by the schools _ they had
13、 visited in the poor village and decided to help them.30. It is a big challenge_（find）and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATe Papa TongarewaTe Papa Tongarewa is the museum
14、 of art, science, and the natural history of New Zealand. The name translates to “our container of treasured things and people that spring from mother earth here in New Zealand”.Te Papa is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm, except on Christmas Day. Admission is free for everyone, but charges apply t
15、o certain exhibitions and events.Guided toursIntroducing Te Papa Tour will give you a great opportunity to understand the various views and cultures you will meet throughout New Zealand.Te Papa Twilight Tour is an excellent choice to avoid the crowds and discover Te Papas highlights as the sun begin
16、s to set. You can discuss our diverse natural environment, and the continued growth of Maori culture with a private guide.Take a journey with Maori Experience Kinaki Tour, to discover how first peoples of the land have formed unique foods provided by the natural world. The tour will conclude with a
17、shared kai, traditionally-inspired food tasting.Plan an education visitIf you are an educator, choose from our range of education programmes. Each can be adapted to your needs. Both in-person and virtual visits are accessible.We recommend booking at least two weeks ahead of time.During the visit, we
18、 require you to bring adults to supervise（管理）students closely as you are responsible for their safety.Food and drinks（except bottled water）are not allowed in exhibition areas. Schools are welcome to eat lunch in the outdoor courtyard. You may also choose to buy lunches from our caf and are welcome t
19、o use cafe space to eat.31. According to the passage, Te Papa Tongarewa _.A. shows local collectionsB. is full of worldwide treasuresC. hosts all the events for freeD. is open the whole year round32. Which trip of Te Papa offers typical traditional food?A. Introducing Te Papa Tour.B. Te Papa Twiligh
20、t Tour.C An education programme.D. Maori Experience Kinaki Tour.33. For an education visit to Te Papa, _.A. booking a week ahead is requiredB. the museum ensures students safelyC. eating in exhibition areas is acceptedD. the museum supports personalized serviceBHansel Enmanuel, a 19-year-old basketb
21、all player, has drawn attention after videos spread quickly showing his awesome skills, like making 3-point shots and dunking（灌篮）with ease. All with just his right arm. It looks almost effortless when he plays. However, its not. It never has been.Enmanuel was 6 when he was climbing a wall. It fell o
22、ver him, bricks and blocks on his left arm. He was rushed to the hospital, but the doctor couldnt save his arm and it was cut off several inches below the shoulder. It was a dark time for Enmanuel and his family.Slowly, things got better for the little boy. He still remembers the first time he tied
23、his shoes. Just 7, Enmanuel was waiting for his mother to do it for him, but she was busy cooking. “I was like, never mind, Im going to start,” he said in a recent interview. “I told myself let me try. I was trying. Then I made it.” “So I was excited, excited like crazy,” he added.Small things becam
24、e huge victories. Months after that, Enmanuel tried basketball, too. But its not an easy path. His missing arm left him lacking balance. Every time he tried to run, hed crash to the ground, falling on debris（碎片）covered across the courts he played on. These falls left him with numerous scars（疤痕）. In
25、the interview, Enmanuel pointed to the scar after scar down the length of the leg, reminders of a hard time that has brought him to excellence in basketball skills.Enmanuel first dunked at 14, and it wasnt long before his popularity grew with the views on his videos. But it wasnt the highlight video
26、s that interested his coach, Corey Gipson. He liked Enmanuels attitude and the way he carried himself on the court. “Hansel is a very tough person,” Gipson said. “When you see him on the floor, you just see an unstoppable force that doesnt take anything for granted（理所应当）.” “Im not special,”Enmanuel
27、said. “Im not different than nobody. The only difference is that Ive got one arm, but thats not different.”34. What first encouraged Enmanuel to recover from the accident?A. The help from his doctor.B. Managing to tie his shoes.C. Videos on his shots and dunking.D. The attention from his mother.35.
28、Enmanuel pointed to scars on his leg mainly to show his _.A. successB. healthC. effortsD. competence36. What interested Enmanuels coach most?A. His response to difficulties.B. His great sense of balance.C. His confidence on the court.D. His popularity on social media.37. What does the story intend t
29、o tell us? A. He who laughs last laughs best.B. Dont judge a book by its cover.C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.D. You can make a difference by being different.CEarlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the Universi
30、ty of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize（认出）different numbers of objects.Each shark was put in a training pool with pictures of two different groups of geometric（几何图形的）shapes projected onto a wall The team then cycled through at least 4
31、0 objects of different shapes and shades to ensure the sharks werent simply picking up on the darkness of the objects or the area of wall they covered. Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These
32、 sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one. This may be because the difference between six and seven fish or predators（捕食者）is unimportant in the wild, says Schluessel. The reason not all the sharks learned how to do the task c
33、ould be that they, like all animals, have differences in intelligence（智力）.Sharks join a growing number of animals that have been discovered to have similar skills at distinguishing quantities, including black bears, guppies and rhesus monkeys. In one experiment, dogs and wolves were able to reliably
34、 pick the larger of two groups. But dogs could only do so when one of the groups had far more objects.Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. This challenges the image of sharks as mindle
35、ss, solitary creatures. Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. And just as we do, sharks can learn from each others experiences too, says Catarina Vila Pouca at Macquarie University in Australia. “Being able to learn from others is enormously beneficial. Not only doe
36、s it save time, but watching another sharks success at feeding or failure to escape predators could be a matter of life or death.”Schluessel and her colleagues have also previously found that bamboo sharks have an advanced ability to recognize categories , such as snails or fish, enabling them to ge
37、t a treat even if pictures look remarkably similar. This is similar to our ability to look at a goldfish and a salmon and know that they are the same type of thing, even though one is 30 times the size of the other.38. What can we learn about the sharks in the recent research?A. They are trained to
38、recognize the shapes.B. They are capable of telling more from less.C. They can identify objects due to the rewards.D. They are no better than dogs in telling numbers.39. What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Selfish.B. Lonely.C. Risky.D. Lazy.40. What is the main p
39、urpose of the passage?A. To show how sharks learn from each other.B. To explain how sharks and humans are alike.C. To prove that sharks are smarter than they look.D. To present the importance of numbers for sharks.DDespite decades of research, disorders of the brain have proved especially difficult
40、to treat. There is schizophrenia（精神分裂症）, which has not seen a breakthrough for more than 60 years, since the discovery of chlorpromazinewhich happened largely by chance. But the story of chlorpromazine offers a powerful lesson: originally an antihistamine（抗过敏药）, it was repurposed as a medicine for s
41、chizophrenia.As a scientist who has studied schizophrenia for decades, I am convinced that we could have similar successes with other medicines already on our shelves. Because an existing drug has already passed Food and Drug Administration tests（FDA-approved ）, successfully repurposing it could tak
42、e less than half of the estimated 13 years and significantly less than the average $2-billion to $3-billion cost of developing a single drug from nothing.The thousands of FDA-approved drugs thus represent a vast resource that can possibly be adapted to target any number of conditions. But this possi
43、bility is largely unexplored, in part because drug companies always have to restructure their Research and Development（R&D）programs to look at other diseases. There are also thousands of drugs that are not FDA-approved. When a company discontinues development of a drug, whatever researchers know is
44、locked up in that companys files and might as well be lost.Scientists need access（使用机会）to this information. If this information could be directed into a centralized resource, it would be great news. Researchers could employ the latest tools in bio-informatics, data science and machine learning to un
45、cover common molecular（分子的）themes among or between diseases and promising drugs. Yet many drug companies are still unwilling to reveal anything that might put their copyrights at risk. Even academics may hesitate to share with competing laboratories.To cope with this, organizations like the FDA must
46、 develop motivations for sharing data, such as by creating legal safeguards for privacy and commercial interests. These motivations could then open the floodgates for easy-to-use, open platforms for efficiently sharing and mining data. This would not have been possible five years ago. But now is a c
47、ritical moment, and we have never been closer to real breakthroughs.In my lab, we are testing certain cancer drugs that restore some of the biological processes that are disturbed in schizophrenia. We want to see if the drugs have the same restorative features in the brain cells of schizophrenia pat
48、ients. This is a proof of the idea that a systematic and strategic approach to drug repurposing could actually move the needle. There is no time to waste. What we need is cooperation from drug companies and academic scientists alikeand access to the lifesaving data they hold.41. Why does the author
49、mention chlorpromazine in the first paragraph?A. To stress the difficulty in treating brain disorders.B. To explain medical progress could happen by luck.C. To introduce a medicine breakthrough in medical historyD. To show a medicine for a certain illness can treat another disease.42. What can we le
50、arn from the passage?A. Information arising from drug development can be wasted.B. The undeveloped functions of present medicines are overvalued.C. We should treasure FDA-approved drugs more than the unapproved.D. Studying existing drugs is more likely to succeed than developing new ones.43. As for
51、drug companies being unwilling to share, the author is _.A. supportiveB. negativeC. understandingD. uncertain44. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. New Drugs from OldB. Access to Lifesaving DataC. Between Drug Companies and Scientists.D. Before and After Medical Breakthroughs第二节（共5小题；
52、每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices. 45 What is a digital detox?A digital detox refers to a period wh
53、en a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing. 46 Also, you can try a specific detoxlimiting the use of one app or digital tool th
54、at is taking up too much of your time.Why do you need a digital detox?Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and les
55、s sleep. 47 Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms（症状）of depression and loneliness. 48 For many people, completely giving up
56、all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night. 49 Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to
57、 turn off push notifications（通知）on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox.A
58、. How do you do a digital detox?B. In this case, you might as well try a digital detox.C. What are the keys to giving up all digital communication?D. It also found a connection between nighttime tech use and eyesight problem.E. Doing a mini-detox is one way to set limits and reduce your fear of miss
59、ing out.F. During that time, you can turn off your devices and spend an evening free of electronics.G. One of them is a digital fast, which means giving up all digital devices for a period of time.第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Nowadays, peo
60、ple are spending more hours on work. However, taking some time off is important for refreshing yourselves. If youre having trouble making time for a break, the recent research by the UCLAs Anderson School suggests that treating your weekends like a vacation can make you happier.The findings are base
61、d on a series of experiments. In one study of 441 workers, half of the test subjects were instructed to have a normal weekend, while the others had to “treat their weekend like a vacation.” The next Monday, the weekend vacationers reported that they felt happier and were generally more satisfied tha
62、n those who had had a normal weekend. The vacationers also reported they spent more money in vacation modeabout $ 130 compared to $104. But it wasnt the money that bought them happiness. The researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend. The vacationers were still happier th
63、an the ones who had experienced a typical weekend.The reason the vacation approach may have worked wonders: The vacation mindset allows people to be more attentive to the present moment. “Were always trying to get through things to check off our to-do lists and treating the weekend like a vacation p
64、ushes us out of our continuous doing mode,” said Cassie Holmes, a professor at UCLAs Anderson School.The study showed that getting into a vacation mindset during the weekend is relatively easy. Even if you cant take the entire weekend “off”, you can manage to steal a piece of the weekend to gain the
65、 benefits of a vacation mindset.50. What does the research of the UCLAs Anderson School suggest?51. Why may the vacation approach have worked wonders?52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.When the researchers controlled for the amount of
66、money both groups could spend, the vacation group was unhappier than the other group.53. What would you do to get into a vacation mindset at weekends? And explain why.（In about 40 words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim被中文老师邀请去家里过除夕（Chinese New Years Eve），他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.除夕活动；2.做客礼仪。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua学科网（北京）股份有限公司
