1、北京市2022年上学期清华大学高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAutumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound. The following are four Europea
2、n adventures to walk your way through autumn.The unknown CilentoSouth of Italys Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland. After stopping to view the marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestum, Sherpas next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park first following its rugged se
3、ashore past the occasional myrtle grove (小树林), and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns. Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside. Four nights 630 half board
4、, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 31.Turkish delightsFollow an impressive section of Turkeys expansive Lycian Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastline. Youll begin in pine-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a
5、pool-boasting upscale hotel and one of the Yanartas regions ever-burning flames possibly fueled by a monster below. A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse. Six nights 790, including ten other meals, tran
6、sport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure in early November.Carpathian clambersPoland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries. Some days include the option of climbing
7、 to snowy peaks or taking easier, lower-altitude options, and youll likely meet the Gorals a culturally-distinct group known as “highlanders”. Most memorable activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica. Seven nights 630, including transport, luggage transfers an
8、d walking notes. Last departure October 24.Flowers and fetaGreeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids. Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths ont
9、o mountainsides, and wander through olive groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea. Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread. Seven nights 535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last dep
10、arture October 23.1What can you do when you are in the unknown Cilento?ASwim in a pool. BHave a spa.CExplore medieval towns. DWalk through olive groves.2Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?ATurkey. BCilento. CGreece. DKrakow.3Which of the following i
11、s true according to the passage?AIt is a monster that fuels the fire in Yanartas region.BMeals are free when you are taking the first adventure.CYou can enjoy a spa from Gorals in the town Szczawnica.DBean soup can be served in the pub of Greeces Pelion Peninsula.BLou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseba
12、ll player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young. As a young boy,
13、Gehrig helped his mother with her work. However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started playing for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record onl
14、y broken 56 years later in 1995.Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and cooperation ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to
15、his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.After his speech, the crowd stood and clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field”. Gehrig died two years later of the disease. This inc
16、reased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as “Lou Gehrigs disease”. The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exhibits Gehrigs integrity and character.4When did Lou Gehrig give his speech?Ain 1903
17、. Bin 1923. Cin 1939. Din 1940.5Who are the audience for Lous speech?AHis family. BHis friends. CHis opponents. DHis supporters.6Why is the illness known as “Lou Gehrigs disease”?ALou Gehrig named the disease.BThis disease is related to playing baseball.CPeople get to know the disease due to Lou Geh
18、rig.DThe disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it.7. What word can best describe Lou Gehrig according to the passage?ADetermined and persistent. BEmotional and patient.CWealthy and humorous. DGentle and generous.CWe know that the pandemic(流行病)has had a far-reaching impact on our minds
19、so much so that it may have changed the very fabric of our society altogether. Mental health professionals think that those with social anxiety will not emerge from the pandemic unaffected. Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, “For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them
20、deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another.” He added, “On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person, but they may also feel that they have lost the opportunity to socialize with the people they feel safe and secure spending
21、time with, meaning that they feel a new level of isolation and a different level of anxiety about socializing in any form. Without the security of those they feel safe with, self-confidence may very well decrease rapidly. Lockdown may have had a negative impact on those with social anxiety.”Dr Daria
22、 J. Kuss, associate professor in psychology at Nottingham Trent University, says: “Following the lockdown, people in this country were allowed to meet up again, which for individuals with social anxiety may have led to stress and worry. They may not be comfortable being expected to be social again,
23、especially when in larger groups, and may worry about saying the wrong things and asking the wrong questions as they are reintegrating into their offline social lives.” Furthermore, Beverley says our even bigger reliance on social media and digital communication in the midst of lockdown could also h
24、ave a negative impact on people with social anxiety. She says “For some people with social anxiety, communication by media can be even harder than communication in person. We know that words form only roughly 7-10% of the way in which wecommunicate and that we rely on body language, facial expressio
25、n, tone of voice, and unconscious signals behind words to convey our thoughts and feelings.”When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr. Kuss says “I recommend being open and honest with their social environments. Friends an
26、d family will empathize when the concerns are voiced openly. Engaging in focused breathing and relaxation may also help alleviate feelings of worry and discomfort. Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I dont know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friend
27、s want to see me”).”8Why do people with social anxiety feel relieved during the lockdown?AThere is no one disturbing their life.BThere is no need for them to socialize.CThey have increased their self-confidence.DPeople can no longer communicate with each other.9What does the underlined word mean in
28、the third paragraph?AStimulate. BRelieve. CBegin. DDevelop.10What can be the good advice for those with social anxiety during the lockdown?AStay at home alone. BCommunicate online.COpen heart to strangers. DTake a positive attitude.11What can we learn from the passage?AStay with safe people can brin
29、g more confidence.BLockdown can help people overcome the feeling of anxiety.CFor people with social anxiety, lockdown is a double-edged sword.DIt is a suitable way for people of social anxiety to communicate by media.DMost of the 500 whales stranded (搁浅)off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more strick
30、en whales have been found in Australias largest ever mass stranding. The estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that number dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group. Off
31、icials began working to rescue survivors among an estimated 270 whales found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south. All 200 had been confirmed
32、 dead by late afternoon. They were among the 380 whales that have died overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Mr Deka, Wildlife Service manager explained. He added,“Well continue to work to free as many of the
33、 animals as we can. Well continue working as long as there are live animals.”It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open oce
34、an on Tuesday, but several got stranded again. About a third of the first group had died by Monday evening.Australias largest mass stranding had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dunsborough in 1996. This weeks incident is the first involving more than 500 whales i
35、n Tasmania since 2022. Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, inclu
36、ding navigational errors. She explained, “They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and thats why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might he
37、ar the sounds that the others are making, or theyre just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases dont know where they are.” she added.12What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A270 whales were rescued on Monday.B380 whales were
38、found dead on Tuesday.C500 whales were found stranded and dead.D200 whales spotted from a helicopter were dead.13Why did Kris Carlyon say this event is the biggest in Australia?ARescue work is not done in time.BThe number of the death is large.CThe cause of the event is still a mystery.DThere was no
39、 other similar event in recent years.14Which of the following is Not the cause of the stranding of the whales?ANavigational errors.BOverhunting of the human beings.CWhales group living style.DWhales confusion and exhaustion.15Where does this passage possibly come from?AA newspaper. BA magazine. CA t
40、extbook. DA travel brochure.第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Going on holiday doesnt have to be bad for the environment, and there are still plenty of ways in which you can have a much-deserved break without harming the environment.Forget PlanesWhile most forms of trans
41、port produce carbon dioxide, one of the gasses responsible for global warming,planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel. _16_ Theres so much to see and do in the UK yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities. Theres the unparalleled beauty of the C
42、ornish coast and the Peak and Lake District. Enjoy the history of a stunning Welsh castle, try boating on the Norfolk Broads or ride the Hogwarts Express across Scotland. Or try taking the train over to Europe within six hours of London are Amsterdams famous art galleries. Alternatively, take the ca
43、r to Cannes in just over half a day or the ferry to Scandinavia for holidays youd normally only dream of._17_Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gasses think about the water thats wasted, all the bathroom products thrown out half used and all the buffet food that goes uneaten. So choose an ec
44、o-friendly option instead. Camping or a home stay where you live with a family in their own home are two of the best options. _18_ some of the things to look out for are hotels made from sustainable materials,which are energy efficient or use their own solar energy and that recycle. Some also have p
45、lanting programs to attract wildlife.Pack with careThe less you take, the lighter your carbon footprint because the heavier your luggage is, the more fuel it takes to carry. So pack light and pack responsibly. _19_ All of their bottles, from shampoo and conditioner to body wash and moisturizers, are
46、 now made from recycled plastic that can be re-purposed again and again so no new plastic is produced. And their iconic soap bars now also come in plastic-free packaging.Buy gifts responsiblyBringing back gifts for friends and loved ones is part of the fun of a holiday. _20_ Avoid anything plastic,
47、or if it is plastic make sure it is 100% recyclable, and make sure your friends will love whatever you give them so it isnt just thrown in the bin headed for landfill. Try to buy presents made by local craftsmen that will benefit the community and help their economy. And dont bring back anything mad
48、e from shells,coral or animal products, because you dont know if theyre from sustainable sources.AConsider living in an eco-friendly hotelBThink about eco-friendly accommodationCBut if you insist on staying in the hotel,DBut make sure you choose items carefully.ESo why not skip flying in favor of a
49、holiday closer to home?FRather than lie on a beach, why not help our precious planet when youre away?GTake environmentally-friendly beauty and bathing products with you, such as Doves range.第 二 部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55 分 ）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。W
50、hen my children were teenagers, I _21_ a fridge magnet with what was said to be a First Nation or Native American prayer. I _22_ it on the door of our refrigerator in full view. I found the words to be thought _23_ and hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more _24_ of othe
51、rs.Although my children are _25_ now, with homes of their own, Ive kept the magnet on our_26_ door for the past twenty-five years. During that time, Ive often found that the _27_ has helped me see situations from a different perspective.For example, a number of years ago, I was on my way to a farewe
52、ll function with several colleagues. As we were leaving the office, we _28_ our other colleague, Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she responded in a fairly rude manner,_29_ our invitation. One of my other colleagues wa
53、s quite _30_ and clearly angry over Wendys behavior. “I dont know why you even bothered to _31_ her,” she said. _32_on how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us, I commented that perhaps we should just give Wendy a_33_ and forgive her for being rude at the last minute. She was _34_ having
54、a bad day, and it wasnt worth holding a grudge (怨恨) against her if we werent aware of what _35_her unusual behavior.A week later, I learned that when we came across Wendy, she was returning to the office from a medical appointment _36_ she was told she had pancreatic cancer. She died a year later. W
55、endy wasnt being rude to us; she had just received a very _37_ diagnosis.Whether its a family member who let me down, a friend who _38_ a confidence, or a difficult colleague, the quote on my fridge _39_ me. Although its not always easy to forgive, Ive been able to _40_ a lot of grudge over the year
56、s by focusing on my mantra.21Amissed Blost Cpurchased Dsold22Aspotted Bcarried Cdropped Dplaced23Ameaningful Binteresting Cfamiliar Dunexpected24Aaware Bforgiving Cashamed Dconfident25Aworkers Bparents Cseniors Dadults26Akitchen Bfridge Cbedroom Dbathroom27Adream Bmessage Ctarget Drelief28Abumped in
57、to Bsaw off Cknocked down Ddealt with29Ademanding Baccepting Cdeclining Ddelaying30Acurious Bamazed Canxious Dannoyed31Aconvince Bpromise Cignore Dinvite32AReflecting BCounting CLooking DConcentrating33Abreak Bparty Cdance Dlesson34Asuddenly Bobviously Cpassively Dnaturally35Adiscovered Bavoided Cca
58、used Dcreated36Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat37Aconfusing Bshocking Cunusual Dcasual38Abuilt Blost Cbetrayed Dpossessed39Adoubted Bevaluated Cguided Dordered40Atake down Bbreak through Ccome about Dget rid of第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Double Ninth Festival _41_ (celebrate)
59、on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It is also known _42_ the Senior Citizens Festival. The festival _43_ (base) on the theory of Yin and Yang, the two opposing principles in nature. The ancients believed that all natural _44_ (phenomenon)could be explained by this theory. Numbers are related
60、 to this theory. Even numbers belong to Yin and odd numbers to Yang. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is a day _45_ the two Yang numbers meet.So it is called Chongyang._46_ (appreciate) chrysanthemum (菊花) and drinking chrysanthemum wine have always been a tradition during the Double Ninth Fest
61、ival. Chrysanthemums are regarded as a kind of flower _47_(have) the function of an antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away.As nine is pronounced “jiu” meaning long in Chinese, so people use the word jiu _48_(express)the meaning of longevity with a persons life. In the year of 1989, the Double N
62、inth Festival was designated as Seniors Day a day to respect the elderly. Members of a family also _49_ (company) their elders to have a _50_ (relax) day in a natural setting while wishing health and happiness upon them.第三部分写作 （共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题 l分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作
63、文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。Of all the people I have encountered in my life, a person I admire most is my English teacher. Working for our class teacher, she has to
64、 work around the clock to take good care of us as well as giving lectures and grade homework. She always walks towards the bus stop, carrying a bag full of notebook or a big folder with assessment reports she makes the night before. She is the one whom we spend major part of our day and she is the o
65、ne who constant encourages us to break barriers and to be extraordinary. We owe all of our success to him. I will not forget her instructions but I would like to express to my deepest gratitude to her.第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）你注意到同学们浪费食物的现象比较严重。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，呼吁同学们珍惜粮食，杜绝浪费。内容包括：1浪费食物的现象;2杜绝浪费的原因;3你的呼吁。注意:1词数 100 左右;2题目已为你写好。Don t waste food!_7 / 7
