1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2014-2015学年高中英语 unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars综合技能训练 新人教版必修3时间：90分钟，满分：100分.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1Because of the dry weather, fires _ in many places recently.Ahave broken awayBhave broken downChave broken outDhave broken in答案：C句意：由于天气干燥，近来很多地方
2、发生了火灾。break away“逃走；逃脱”；break down“破坏；拆散”；break out“战争，火灾等突然爆发”；break in“闯入；强行进入”。结合句意选C。2_ made her surprised was _ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday.AThat; howBWhat; thatCWhat; whatDThat; that答案：B句意：让她吃惊的是昨天她莫名其妙地收到了一束花。what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语；that引导表语从句，在从句中并不充当成分。3After w
3、ater which is _ to life appeared on the earth, life began to develop.AinterestingBfunnyCfundamentalDfond答案：C句意：生命存在的基本要素水，在地球上出现之后，生命开始发展。be fundamental to对是基本的。4Once, there, in the small village, _ a big tree dating back to 100 years ago. But now it has gone.AhappenedBcameCseemedDstood答案：D句意：在这个小村庄
4、里曾经有一棵一百多年的大树。但是现在不见了。happen“发生”；come“来”；seem似乎；stand“站，矗立”。5(2014西安高一检测)Why not buy the car since you show so much interest in it?But I am not able to buy _.Aso a big carBsuch big a carCso big a carDsuch big car答案：C句意：既然你对这辆车那么感兴趣，为什么不买？可是我买不起这么大的车。soadj.a(n)n.sucha(n)adj.n.。故选C。6If we dont follow
5、his advice, Im sure we will regret _.Aon timeBat timesCfrom time to timeDin time答案：D句意：如果我们不采纳他的建议，我确信我们迟早会后悔的。on time按时；at times时而，不时；from time to time有时，不时地；in time迟早，总有一天。7It is widely accepted that smoking is _ to our health.AharmfulBharmlessCusefulDhelpful答案：A句意：吸烟有害于健康已被广泛接受。be harmful to对有害。h
6、armless无害的；useful有用的；helpful有帮助的。8(2014杭州高一检测)Do you know the reason why his parents _ him joining us last night?I have no idea.AkeptBpreventedCprotectedDpromised答案：B句意：你知道昨晚他父母为什么不让他加入我们吗？我不知道。keep sb from doing sth结构中from不可省。protect保护；promise答应，而prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事，符合题意。9The brave m
7、an _ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy.Apulled onBpulled awayCpulled inDpulled off答案：D句意：那位勇士(匆忙)脱下衣服，跳进河里救那个落水男孩。pull off“脱掉(衣、帽等)”，符合句意；pull on“穿上(袜子)，戴上(手套)”；pull away“离开，摆脱”；pull in“(慢慢)驶入”。10Try and _ a bit; life isnt that bad!Acheer upBcome upClook upDput up答案：A句意：
8、试着高兴点儿吧，生活并不是那么糟！cheer up“感到高兴；感到振奋”，符合题意。come up“走近；发芽”；look up“向上看；查询；好转”；put up“举起；建造”。11The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _ as there.Aas three times muchBas much three timesCmuch as three timesDthree times as much答案：D因句中空格后有连词as，其前必定用原级。根据“倍数as
9、adj./adv.as”结构，可知D项正确。12_ earthquakes have happened one after another in recent years, which have caused great damage.AViolentBLightCRudeDHeavy答案：A句意：最近几年，剧烈的地震一个接一个地发生，造成了严重损害。violent猛烈的，狂暴的，剧烈的；light轻的；rude粗暴的；heavy重的。结合句意选A。13(2014福州高一检测)_ you want to work in a foreign country, youd better improv
10、e your oral English.ASo thatBNow thatCSuch thatDIn order that答案：B句意：既然你想去国外工作，你最好提高你的英语口语。so that因此；now that既然；in order that为了，结合句意选B。14In order to stop the driver escaping punishment, all the main streets were _.Ablocked offBblocked outCblocked upDblown up答案：A句意：为了阻止司机逃脱惩罚，所有的主路都被封锁了。block off(用路障)
11、封锁；block out挡住(光线)；block up塞住；blow up爆炸。结合句意选A。15While crossing the street, you should _ for cars.Awatch outBtake outCbring outDcome out答案：A句意：过马路时，要留心车。watch out“密切注视；当心；提防”，符合句意。take out“拿出；取出”；bring out“使显示；出版；生产”；come out“出来；长出”。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，理解大意，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Mars
12、 is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed_16_. Astronauts who are_17_to go there in the next decade may find plenty_18_water to slake(消除)their thirst.And with water present the_19_of finding some sort of life on Mars are_20_brighter.This is the view of forty geologists who have been ana
13、lyzing_21_of pictures and other scientific_22_obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.To begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as_23_as the Moon_24_dust storms swirling over vast sandy_25_. But now the picture is very different_26_mountains and valleys carved by_27_glaci
14、ers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.In a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures Dr.Michael Car of the US.Geological Survey comments: “I am convinced_28_lots of water on Mars.” Any surface water will be in the_29_of ice.But it could save explorers from_30_to take so much_31_w
15、ith them.The report says_32_Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages_33_due to its axis (轴) having been more tilted (倾斜) towards the sun._34_signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars，_35_the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years.16A.it is Bit Ci
16、t to be Dwas答案：C根据新的资料显示，火星似乎并不像我们过去认为的那么干燥。it代替前面的专有名词Mars; to be 为不定式的省略式，其后面省略了dry。 不定式的省略式通常省略to后面的成分，但后面为to be结构时，就要保留be而省略其后面的成分。17A.expected Bhoped Crequired Dsent答案：Aexpect somebody to do something表示“期待某人做某事”。这里用其被动语态形式：be expected to do sth。表示“某人被期待做某事”。18A.to Bof Cmore Din答案：B此句的“plenty of
17、a lot of”为固定词组，意思是“大量；许多；充足”。19A.chances Bopenings Coccasions Dpossibility答案：A本句的意思是“由于水的发现，在火星上面找到某种生命形式的机会就变得更加明朗了”。20A.quite Bvery Cmuch Dmore答案：C此处的much用来修饰比较级，其它选项都不能修饰比较级，但quite better除外。21A.a few Bmany Cthousand Dthousands答案：Dthousands of用复数形式表示不确定的数字，此处意思是“数以千计的”，后接复数名词；a few of后接“限定词复数名词”，意
18、思是“某(固定)范围内的一些”；many of 后接“限定词复数名词”，意思是“某(固定范围)内的许多”。22A.skills Bnews Cintelligence Dinformation答案：D指的是“在六七十年代探测器获得的其他科学信息(information)”。23A.peaceful Bquiet Clifeless Ddead答案：C此句的意思是“刚开始的时候，科学家认为这颗红色的行星象月球一样没有生命(lifeless)”。24A.of Bwith Cfor Dthrough答案：B此处为“with名词/代词不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成的复合结构作状语。25A
19、.deserts Bmountains Crivers Dseas答案：A此句意思是“沙暴(dust storms)在广袤的沙漠(deserts)上旋转”。26A.from Bbetween Cfor Dwith答案：D注意此题的关键是要搞清它不是be different from结构，因为此结构后的名词前要用限定词，而该空后面的名词前无限定词，故可排除。此空与第24空一样，为“with复合结构”作状语。27A.energetic Bgreat Cheavy Dpowerful答案：D这里用powerful形容冰河对山谷冲刷的威力巨大。28A.theres Btherere Cheres Dh
20、erere答案：A此句用的是“there be”结构，其后面的名词water(即主语)为不可数名词，故谓语动词be用单数形式。29A.appearance Bway Cform Dshape答案：C词组in the form of的意思是“以形式”。此句意思是“任何表面上的水将以冰的形式存在。”30A.have Bhaving Ccarry Dcarrying答案：Bfrom为介词，后面接动词的ing形式，故可排除A和C两个选项；本空为have to 结构，意思是“必须；不得不”，所以其后接动词原形。31A.water Bice Cequipment Doxygen答案：A此句的意思是“水的存
21、在使探险者们不用随身携带大量的水。”32A.what Bif Chow Dthat答案：D此句意思是“报告说由于火星的轴在过去的岁月中更倾斜于太阳，那时火星的天气，可能比现在暖和”。此处that引导一个宾语从句，其本身在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何词汇意义，仅起连接的作用。33A.pass Bpast Cago Dbefore答案：B“in ages past”表示“在过去的岁月中”。34A.Not BNo CNor DNever答案：Bno为形容词，等于“not a/not any”， 表示“没有”，后接名词； 而not的后面一般接动词、形容词或从句等成分。35A.probably
22、Bperhaps Csupposed Dalthough答案：Dalthough 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，但是。”.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。AIn July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the grand planet, the ex
23、plosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?The year is 2094. It had been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth. The news has caused
24、 panic.On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earths atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the spend of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall
25、 of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and million of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth, but the north wo
26、nt escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosion. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10
27、 million people have survived.Could it really happen? It has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaur were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment
28、. The dinosaurs couldnt survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?36Which of the following is NOT true according to the authors description of the disaster in 2094?AThe whole world becomes extremely cold.BAll the coastal cities in Africa are destroy
29、ed.CThe whole mankind becomes extinct.DThe visit of the comet results in wars.答案：C辨别正误题。据第三自然段的描述可知，A、B、D均符合本文所假想的事实，只有C不符。文中“No more than 10 million people have survived”一句意为“只有一千万人幸存下来”，而C项说全人类都灭绝了。显然与文章不符。题干要求找出不对的选项。37Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?ABecause they
30、could only live in the warm climate.BBecause they once dominated the earth.CBecause their extinction indicates future disasters.DBecause dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.答案：C推理判断题。第三段中，作者描述假想的人类灾难最后一段提到生活在地球上的恐龙在65 million years ago突然消失(即灭绝)，许多科学家相信地球曾受到过外空星体碎片的袭击，故而导致恐龙绝种。由此暗示人类未来的灾难
31、。38In writing the passage, the author intends to_.Agive an accurate description of the possible disaster in the futureBprove that humans will sooner or later be destroyedCtell the historical development of the earthDwarn of a possible disaster in the future答案：D观点态度题。本题要求考生推测作者意图。作者通过一段幻想的灾难和一段地球历史上出
32、现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因，来警示人类未来可能发生的灾难。39It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n)_Ahorror storyBnews reportCresearch paperDarticle of popular science答案：D推理判断题。据全文大意，又据文章的性质，可判定D为最佳选项。A、B、C均不太妥当。B(2014山西省大同高一下学期期中)Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For
33、 example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use sat
34、ellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35, 880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes
35、we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hourexactly the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from i
36、ts orbit. So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 1012 year
37、s. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash int
38、o each other.40Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?ASending information for weather forecast.BTaking photographs of the Earth.CSending TV pictures.DProviding food for airplane pilots.答案：D从第一段可知，A、B项的内容都是卫星的功能，从第三段可知，卫星还可以发送电视画面，而D项内容文中并未提及。41Whats the speed the
39、earth rotates at?A35,880 kilometers per hour.B335,880 kilometers per hour.C11,000 kilometers per hour.D110,000 kilometers per hour.答案：C从第三段的This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hourexactly the same speed that the earth rotates.可知C项为正确答案。42What does the underlined wor
40、d “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?AA satellite.BA little rocket.CA satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.DThe satellite puts the rockets in the right position.答案：C上一句话的意思是：有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像呆在同一个地方，这是因为，故本题答案为C。43Which is true of satellites?AA satellite usually works for about 1012
41、years.BEvery time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.CA broken satellite is never left in space.DThey often crash into each other.答案：A从最后一段的第三句话可知A项正确。CBrian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before the flight to Paris. He was wearing three shirts, a
42、 jacket，two pairs of socks，a pair of shorts, and two pairs of jeans. He was carrying one small backpack，which was very full, but he didnt have any other luggage. Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight. He found Tony near the Air France counter. Tony gave him a roun
43、dtrip ticket and a small package.“Give this package to Jean Paul at the airport in Paris. He will have a sign with your name on it. I think you can find him easily，” Tony said，“You dont have any luggage, right？”“Only this backpack，” Brian answered，“You said I could bring one carryon bag.”“Thats righ
44、t. One carryon bag is fine. Have a good trip.”“Thanks.”Is Brian a criminal? Not at all. He is an aircourier. And he paid only $ 110 for the roundtrip ticket to Paris. Aircouriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries. Businesses sometimes need
45、 to get packages and papers to people in foreign countries by the next day. Often，the only way they can do this is to use an aircourier company. It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an aircourier，but it is quick.Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as aircouriers. The num
46、ber of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However, aircourier travel isnt for everyone. But if you have very little money，can be flexible about your travel plans，and dont mind wearing the same clothes for a week，it can be a great way to take a vacation!文章大意：文章主要讲述了利用航空
47、快递的利与弊。44Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel?ABecause they were the uniforms for aircouriers.BBecause that made him easier to be recognized.CBecause he would be charged for taking much luggage with him.DBecause he was required not to have much luggage with him.答案：D细节理解题。由第三段“Only th
48、is backpack，” Brian answered, “You said I could bring one carryon bag.”可知，Brian只被允许带一个背包。45Who was Tony?AHe might be an aircourier company clerk.BHe might be a guard at the airport.CHe might be Brians friend.DHe might be a customs official.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tony gave him a roundtrip ticket and a smal
49、l package.托尼给了他(Brian)一张往返的机票及一个小包裹”，以及结合下文可知，Tony可能是一位航空快递公司的业务员。46Businesses choose the aircourier service because _.Ait costs less Bit is flexibleCit grows fast Dit saves time答案：D细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句“It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an aircourier，but it is quick.用航空快递投递包裹不便宜但是它迅速
50、。”可知选D。47Aircourier travel is a good choice for those who _.Ahave much moneyBhate wearing the same clothesChave much personal luggageDare flexible about their travel plans答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句话可知“航空快递旅行并不是适合每一个人。它主要面向那些钱少，旅行计划比较灵活的游客”，故选D。DThe journey to the moon has been the first step towards futur
51、e exploration in space. The distance between the Moon and Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is millions of miles away! Traveling to the planets will be mans next aim. Such travels will be more challengin
52、g than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.Recently, two American spaceships, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover whether that planet has any life on it. So far the signs of life on Mars has neither confirmed(确认)nor ruled out. Russians have discovered that the surface
53、of Venus(金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense(稠)and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earths atmosphere.Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have
54、 on earth, but man should realize Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to love and care for it.48According to the passage, traveling to the planets will be_.Amuch easier and even more interestingBfar more exciting and dangerousCmans final aimDmans first step答案：B细节理解题。由文章第一段告诉我们人类向其他
55、行星探索的行动将比去月球探索更加具有挑战性和冒险性。49From the passage, we can guess_.Athere is life on MarsBthere is no life on MarsCThe atmosphere of Mars is not so dense as that of VenusDscientists will have little hope to find the answers答案：C推理判断题。由文中第二段第二句告诉我们，火星上是否有生命还不能确认，所以A、B排除。根据文章最后一段第一句可知：科学家相信人类能找到像我们地球上生存条件一样的行
56、星。所以可以排除D。50Scientists think we should take care of our earth because_.Ano other planets are to take the place of the earthBeverything needed is provided by the earthCthe only home of man will be the earth for a long timeDthe dream to find another home for man will come true答案：C细节理解题。最后一段讲明人类必须保护地球。
57、根本原因在于人类在近期内无法找到能够和地球的生存常规交叉相提并论的星球，所以地球在很长时间内依然是人类赖以生存的家园。E(2013天津)Last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expectin
58、g to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable
59、family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on p
60、eople and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁
61、徙的)birds. According to the International DarkSky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animals casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their eve
62、nings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona,
63、 has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，作者通过一场不令
64、人满意的流星雨引出话题，阐述了光污染对于人类及动物所造成的危害，号召人们不需要的时候，把灯关掉。51It happened last night that _.Athe citys lights affected the meteor watching Bthe meteors flew past before being noticed Cthe city light show attracted many people Dthe meteor watching ended up a social outing答案：A细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话：他们发现的是被城市灯光照得如此明亮的天空使
65、得划过我们头顶的流星暗淡无光，所以可以知道城市灯光影响了流星雨的观看。故选A项。52What do the astronomers complain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before. BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair. CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years. DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.答案：C细节理解题。由第三段一、二句话，可
66、知天文学家们几十年来以直报怨这个问题，说明光污染的问题多年没有解决。故选C项。53What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?ABirds may take other migration paths. BAnimals living habits may change suddenly. CVarieties of animals will become sharply reduced. DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.答案：D细节理解题。第四段主要讲
67、了室外光对于动物的影响，所以作者担心动物的生存受到室外光的威胁。故选D项。54Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to _.Alessen the chance of getting cancer Bcreate an ideal observation condition Censure citizens a good sleep at night Denable all creatures to live in harmony答案：B细节理解题。由最后一段第二句话可知这个城市加强灯光规定是为了帮助观测
68、台的天文学家们，也就是创造一个理想的观测条件。故选B项。55What message does the author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves. BGreat efforts should be made to save energy. CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly. DNew equipment should be introduced for space study.答案：C目的意图题。全文是关于光污染所造成的危害，也就是让人
69、们知道人的活动应该注意环境保护。.书面表达(满分25分)(2014湖南)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic _”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容：1说明设计理由；2介绍新功能。注意：1词数不少于120个；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。_参考范文：My magic neutral water penThe neutral water pen is
70、 widely used in the process of study but we often have trouble using them because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.To deal with these problems, consequently, I have worked heart and soul to create my own magic neutral water pen.The most shining function of this newly designed pen is that i
71、t will contain special ink powder which makes it have endless ink. Furthermore, the pen is made of the extremely strong materials, which can protect the pen from the damage when it might fall down onto the ground. Better still, so smoothly does it write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.Such is my magic neutral water pen. Are you interested in it? Hope it will be of great use for users.- 15 - 版权所有高考资源网
