1、Lesson 59 In or out?西方狗文化 西方世界，享有“Mans best friend”的狗，在西方具体文化表现中也大多数突显了其较高的地位。第一，用“dog”来形容人，常常表示对一些人的赞扬，信任，这在汉语中是从未出现的。如a lucky dog(幸运儿）、a big dog(大款，保镖等）、a top dog(一个身居要职的人）。第二，在西方，人们养狗的方式也与西方大相径庭。在一些英美国家，人绝不让狗吃人剩下的残羹冷炙，狗有专门的狗食。在超市，狗食与人的食品放在一起销售，还有一些专门为狗提供服务的设施和商店，如：狗食店、狗餐厅、狗医院、狗旅社等。另外，还有专门为狗树碑立传、歌
2、功颂德的。因此，狗成了他们的朋友，受到与人平等的尊重。Key words expressions Rex雷克斯 bark v.狗叫 press v.按，压 paw n.脚爪 latch n.门闩 expert n.专家 develop a habit养成习惯 remove v.拆掉，取下 annoyed adj.生气的，恼火的Key words expressionsbarkv.狗叫The dog is barking.sb.is barking.某人在咆哮The dog barked at the visitor.crow kru 公鸡喔喔叫mew mju:猫喵喵叫quack kwk 鸭子嘎
3、嘎叫pressv.按,压 vt.&vi.按，挤，压Can you press that button for me please?vt.催促，敦促，竭力劝说I dont like to be pressed.我不喜欢被人催促。paw n.脚爪The cats paw was burnt.My dogs paw was bleeding.cats paw被利用的人(由寓言而来)I dont want to be a cats paw.我才不想被人利用。latchn.门闩You cant walk in because the door is on the latch.on the latch 仅
4、上门闩的，关着的，未上锁的off the latch 未上门闩的，虚掩的v.用门闩栓牢或用撞锁锁住Dont forget to latch the front door when you leave.你离开的时候别忘了把前门锁上。expertn.专家expert at/in sth.在某一方面是专家expert at/in doing sth.He is an expert in maths.an expert thief 一个熟练的贼be expert at sth/doing sthbe expert in sth/doing sth擅长.她对付孩子非常擅长。She is expert a
5、t handling children.She is expert in handling children.developv.养成 develop a habit vt.&vi.发展，扩展The village has developed into a town now.developing country 发展中国家；developed country 发达国家V-ed 强调已经，V-ing 强调正在，有时态的区别boiling water 滚开水；boiled water 开水develop the film 冲洗胶卷habit n.习惯(指个人习惯)Stop biting your n
6、ails.Its a bad habit.She has a habit of playing with her hair while reading.He has the habit of staying up late他有熬夜的习惯。fall into the habit of doing sthget into the habit of doing sthdevelop a habit /form a habit /make a habit养成 习惯Ive got into a habit of turning on the TV as soon as I get home.我养成了一回
7、家就看电视的习惯。fall into bad habit /get into bad habit 养成坏习惯kick the habit ofget rid of the habit of 戒除某嗜好/习惯Youd better get rid of the habit of biting your nails.removev.拆掉,取下remove the dishes 撤去碗碟remove ones hat 脱掉帽子My husband removed the gate.拆门The player was removed from the team.开除remover 迁移者，搬运工；清除剂
8、TEXTLanguage pointsOur dog,Rex,used to sit outside our front gate and bark.front gate 前门wouldused to 过去常常Would表示过去的习惯性动作，在一般过去时的句子中经常与“ever time”连用：Every time we met,we would talk for a while.Every time he came to the restaurant,he would first ask for a cup of tea.Language pointsEvery timeEvery time
9、 he wanted to come into the garden he he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.would bark until someone opened the gate.every timewhen 每当，每次，无论何时（every time在这里为连词引导一个时间状语从句，表示“每次”、“每当”，主句中的would表示过去的习惯性动作。)Every time we met,we would talk for a while.我们每次见面都要聊一会儿。
10、He brought a present every time he came to visit us.not until 直到才 主句中的动词为非延续性动词well stay at home until the rain stops.We wont start until the rain stops.Language pointsAs the neighbors complained of the noise,my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to lethimself in.sb.spend
11、 time(in)doing sth./on sth.（人作主语）I spent two weeks(in)reading this book.He has spent a lot of time on this project.It takes sb.some times to do sth.（事情做主语）train sb.to do sth.训练某人做某事press his paw on the latch=press the latch press the button=press the figure on the buttonlet sb.in 让某人进来；let sb.out 让某
12、人出去let sb.do sth.让某人做某事let sb.down 让某人失望Dont let any stranger in when you are alone at home.He let himself out through the window.Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.become an expert at doing sth.成了能手/专家/权威Expert常与介词at,in,on,with连用John is an expert at driving a car.She is an expert in flow
13、ers.Sam is an expert on that problem.Language pointsHowever,when I was going out shopping last week,I noticed him in the garden near the gate.going out shopping 加了out 强调外出Language pointsThis time he was barking so that someone would let him out.so that表示“为的是”，引导目的状语从句1.请大声一点，以便我们能听见你。Please speak up
14、 so that we can hear you.2.为了我们不迟到，你能快点吗？Can you hurry up so that we wont be late?Language pointsSince then,he has developed another bad habit.develop发展，扩展The village has developed into a town now.Its hard to develop your business in this city.在这个城市扩展你的业务是困难的。显现出，产生，获得，养成She developed an interest in
15、 swimming.Language pointsAs soon as he opens the gate from the outside,he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out.After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again.Language pointsYesterday my husband removed the gate and
16、 Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.sothat如此以至于，结果状语从句，可以省略一个词，so 或 that 都可以.He was so excited he could not say anything.since(在句尾)=since then:从那时起到现在为止,一般与完成时连用。Language points【Special difficulties】【Special difficulties】表示目的的几种方式：to,in order to,so as to,so that,in order thatMy husband sp
17、ent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.This time he was barking so that someone would let him out.We start out early in order to avoid traffic.I moved to the front of the bus so as to get a good view of the countryside.He left the letter on the table in order that I m
18、ight see it.【Special difficulties】在bring,buy,need,take,use,want 等动词后常用“宾语+to”而不用”宾语+in order to/so as to”:I want something to drink.（不能说:I want something in order to drink.)Bring me a chair to sit on.连词so that，in order that可以引导目的状语从句。目的状语从句必须具备一个特征,在动词前面一定要出现情态动词.当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，so that和in
19、order that后面可以跟may，can或will；当主句用一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟should，could，might或would。I arrivd early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for+名词/代词比that结构更简洁，不定式的逻辑主语for sb.to do sth.He was barking for someone to let him out.=He was barking so that someone would let him out.Thank you!
