1、Unit 1Science and ScientistsReading and Thinking 词汇知识自主学习.根据语境写出正确的单词1.cause _ _引起严重的腹泻2.become_变得沮丧3.two _theories两种相互矛盾的理论4.an _from _感染了细菌5.need _需要证据6._deaths很多人死亡7.many poor _很多贫困家庭8._him of theft怀疑他盗窃severe diarrhoea frustratedcontradictoryinfectiongermsproofmultiplehouseholdssuspect9.through
2、this _通过这种干预10._waste未经处理的废弃物11._water纯净水12.a _ _大幅降低13.use of maps and _地图和统计数据的使用14._the way改变方式interventionrawpuresubstantial decreasestatisticstransform.根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空1.Many of the local children have died _the disease.2.They moved to a larger farm and _time made it over to Francis.3.If we do n
3、ot attend _the problem,it will certainly grow.4.The problem must be solved once and _all,without leaving any loose end.5.She had a confused idea of life _general.6.The government tried to find _how the disaster happened.7._a result,the bad thing has been turned into a good one.8.Thanks _mobile libra
4、ries,these people can still borrow books.fromintoforinoutAsto.根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was _(非常严重)that more than 500 people died in ten days.2._(似乎)the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she_(让人送水)to her house every day.3.Accordin
5、gly,he had the handle of the pump removed _(为了)it could not be used.因此,他把水泵的把手拿掉了,使它不能再用。so severeIt seemed thathad it deliveredso that4.The people who drank this water were much more _(很可能)get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.5.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transf
6、ormed _(科学家研究疾病的方式).likely tothe way scientists study diseases【构词规律】根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1.ion 常用于动词之后构成名词。infect v.infection n.感染select v._n.挑选elect v._n.选举collect v._n.收集selectionelectioncollection2.v.+to构成动词短语,在句中作谓语。subscribe to同意;赞同_to反对_to 承认_to对作贡献,有助于objectadmitcontribute阅读精析合作学习Task 1 框架宏观建构:整体理解
7、Skim the passage and fill in the blanks【寻技巧提能力】记叙文的特点:(1)英语记叙文以叙述描写为主,主要叙述人物、事件、地点或过程。(2)记叙文的特点:通常情况下,记叙文的主题往往潜伏在字里行间,不直接地表达出来;文章主旨要通过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。根据本文的标题John Snow Defeats King Cholera,可知本文的主题。叙述过程大多按时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序来展开。本文是按照约翰斯诺战胜霍乱王的过程展开的。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解题为主。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法,快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容,从整体上
8、去把握文章,进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。通过略读,了解约翰斯诺进行研究的过程。Task 2 文本微观剖析:细节探究1.Choose the best answer.(1)According to John Snows view,.A.Queen Victoria suffered a lot from bad healthB.a cure had been found for cholera before his timeC.choleras cause had to be discovered in order to control itD.thousands of terri
9、fied people knew what they should do(2)Which of the following theories did John Snow believe?A.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.B.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.C.People got infected with cholera because of polluted air.D.People suffe
10、red from cholera because they were not clean.(3)After he made further investigations,John Snow found.A.cholera multiplied in the airB.people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their mealsC.the water from the polluted river was to blameD.flies spread the disease(4)How did John Snow find out
11、 the cause of the disease?A.By living in the area where cholera broke out.B.By marking a map where all the dead people had lived.C.By telling the terrified people how to prevent it.D.By saving the dying people suffering from cholera.(5)How was“King Cholera”defeated?A.By not polluting the river again
12、.B.By eating healthy diets.C.By delivering the water from other rivers.D.By stopping drinking the polluted water.2.Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.The choleras severity and John Snows desireThis illness causes(1)_diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.As a young doctor,John Snow never lost h
13、is(2)_ to destroy cholera.The two(3)_ theories about choleraOne theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by an(4)_ from germs in food or water.John Snow agreed to the latter.John Snowsprocess forstopping choleraJohn Snow started his investigation by locating t
14、he exact places and stopped the disease in its tracks by(5)_ the handle of the pump.severedesirecontradictoryinfectionremovingThe causes of choleraThe main reason was that the water polluted by(6)_ was sold by water companies to people who drank this water.John Snows achievement and influence on the
15、 futureCholera is a problem but can be(7)_ due to John Snow.John Snow changed the way scientists study(8)_.John Snow is regarded as the father of modern epidemiology.wastepreventeddiseases3.Long sentence analysis.(1)Cholera(主语)used to be(谓语)one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a Britis
16、h doctor,John Snow,showed(how it could be overcome)(宾语从句).(时间状语)译文:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一,_。(2)As a young doctor(状语),John Snow(主语)became frustrated(谓语)because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(原因状语).译文:作为一名年轻的医生,约翰斯诺变得沮丧,_。直到英国医生约翰斯诺展示了如何攻克它因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱(3)In time(状语),he(主语)rose(谓语)to become
17、a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(时间状语).译文:最终,他成了名医,_还照料过她。(4)Snow(主语)began(谓语)by marking on a map the exact places where all those(who died)(定语从句)had lived(定语从句).译文:斯诺首先在地图上标出了_准确地点。甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时所有死者曾经生活过的Task 3 阅读思维升华:主题实践1.How did Snow defeat cholera?(Divergen
18、t Thinking发散性思维)_ _ _.Firstly,he subscribed to the second theory.Secondly,he began to investigate to collect proof.Thirdly,he marked on a map the exact places where people who died had lived.Fourthly,he looked into the source of the water and found that it came from the polluted river.Finally,the so
19、urce of water was examined and cholera was controlled2.What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common?(Critical Thinking批判性思维)_ 3.What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic?(Creative Thinking创造性思维)_ They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods.They treat
20、the sick with love and kindness.When facing an epidemic,we should find the cause of it,cut off the transmission route of the virus,develop vaccines and find the cure for it.要点精研探究学习【要点精研探究学习】1.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的*The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。*Several m
21、ore days went by and the youths feelings of frustration increased.几天过去了,年轻人的挫折感更强了。*He found that watching the movie was frustrating because the ending was so bad.他发现看这部电影是令人沮丧的,因为结局太悲伤了。【导图理词】feel frustrated at/with 对感到沮丧/懊恼【小词汇大文化】When you are cool,poised and frustrated.得意时淡然,失意时泰然。【即学活用】语法填空(1)My
22、 camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take,I grew _(frustrate).(2)Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and _(frustrate)experience.(3)I was close to tears with _(frustrate),but I held back.frustratedfrustratingfrustration2.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)*Snow
23、subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。【词块积累】(1)subscribe to同意,赞同;订购(2)subscribern.订阅人,订购者;定期捐款者【名师点津】subscribe to意为“同意,赞成”时,to为介词,后常跟view,belief,theory等名词作宾语。【巧学助记】Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his sugges
24、tion.我们班长提出了我们应该订购一些杂志的建议,班主任同意了他的建议。【即学活用】(1)My main reason _New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science.我订阅新科学家主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。(2)Write away now for the free album offered to _.请速来信订阅,每位新订阅者可获取免费画册一本。for subscribing toevery new subscriber3.suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象*(2020天津高考
25、)He pulls out a special device,points it at the suspect,and switches it on.他拿出一个特殊的装置,指向嫌疑人,然后把它打开。*Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。*They all suspected the man with a moustache to be a player.他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是个运动员。【词块积累】(1)suspect that.怀疑/认为(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)suspect sb.to be.怀疑某人是
26、suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事(2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人【熟词生义】Some of the proof they produced was highly suspect.他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。()adj.不可靠的【名师点津】有些单词词性不同,发音不同。作名词时重音在前,作动词时重音在后,即“名前动后”。【小词汇大文化】The suspect is not used,not doubt.疑则勿用,用则不疑。【即学活用】语法填空committing suspected t
27、o besuspected4.blame vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责*She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers injury.她没把她父亲的受伤归咎于任何人。*Police blamed the accident on dangerous driving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。*The institute will have to take the blame for the wrong statistics.这个机构将不得不对错误的统计数字负责。【词块积累】(1)blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事责备某人b
28、lame sth.on.把某事归咎于be to blame(for sth.)(对某事)负有责任(2)take the blame for对承担责任put/lay/place the blame for sth.on.把某事归咎于【小词汇大文化】Bad workmen often blame their tools.拙匠常怪工具差。(比喻一个人水平不足,却要怪别的、外界的、客观的因素。)【即学活用】语法填空(1)Toms colleague blamed the failure of the business talk _him.=Toms colleague blamed him _the
29、failure of the business talk.onforto blame5.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把连接起来;相关联*Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外,斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。*There is convincing proof that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.有充
30、分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。【词块积累】(1)a link between.(and.)(和)之间的连接(联系)(2)link A to/with B将A与B联系/连接起来link up(with sb./sth.)(与某人/某物)连接,结合be linked to/with.与有联系/有关【知识延伸】表示“将和连接起来”的短语还有:connect.with/to.;join.to【熟词生义】(2018全国卷)Linking arms with one of the instructors,I helped carry the young man out of the water.()
31、我和一个指导员手挽手,帮忙把那个年轻人抬出了水面。link vt.挽住【即学活用】语法填空(1)Police suspected there may be a link _the two murders.(2)The video cameras are _(link)to a powerful computer.(3)The Channel Tunnel links Britain _ the rest of Europe.(4)The relationships you are developing now will probably _(link)to the ones you value
32、 later.betweenlinkedwith/tobe linked6.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低*Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.通过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始销售清洁水,世界各地的霍乱威胁也大幅减少了。*There has been a decrease in traff
33、ic accidents.交通事故减少了。*The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs.由于更低的燃料花费,运输费用在降低。【词块积累】(1)decrease(from.)to(从)减少到(表示减少后的量)decrease by 减少了(表示减少的量)decrease in 在方面减少(2)a decrease in.的减少on the decrease在减少【知识延伸】【小词汇大文化】People who dont want to climb tend to decrease.不想往
34、上爬的人容易往下降。【即学活用】根据语境用适当的介词填空(2)The sales of this product have decreased _five million _three million.(3)A local newspaper remarks that crime is _the decrease.byfromtoon7.thanks to幸亏,由于*Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的工作,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。【知识延伸】表示
35、“因为,由于”的其他短语:【即学活用】语法填空(1)_(owe)to the help from his comrades,he has made rapid progress.(2)Thanks _his help,I finished my work on time.(3)His school work is suffering because _family problems.(4)On account _his illness,he was never left alone.Owingtoofof8.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变*A new colou
36、r scheme will transform your bedroom.新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。*(2020浙江高考)I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects andtransform them into something new and useful.我学到了很多关于如何延伸事物的生命并将它们转化为新的和有用的东西。*Chinas plan to transform Hainan into a free trade port is expected to spur local consumption and
37、enhance competitiveness of duty-free products.中国计划把海南变成自由贸易港的方案有望刺激当地消费,提高免税产品的竞争力。【词块积累】transform.into.把变成transformation n.改变;改观【即学活用】语法填空(1)The magician transformed the handkerchief _a bird.(2)There was a noticeable _(transform)in his appearance.(3)Life in Britain _(transform)by the appearance of
38、the steam engine in the past.intotransformationwas transformed9.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两个街道上霍乱传播得如此厉害,以至于10天之内就有500多人失去了生命。【句式解构】(1)so.that.意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句,此结构中so为副词,后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为:(2)such.that
39、作“如此以至于”,连接一个表示结果的状语从句时,与so.that意思相同,但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带),such.that的句型结构可分以下三种:(3)当so或such位于句首时,主句应用部分倒装形式。*(2021新高考卷)The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.食物如此美味,你不需要吃太多就能感到高兴。【名师点津】(1)so.that引导结果状语从句(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句。【即学活用】(1)语法填空(20
40、20天津高考)It produces a deafening sound _painful that it temporarily disables a person.There were _many cars on the road that I couldnt get through.This is _an abstract problem that none can understand it without effort.sososuch(2)一句多译她是一个如此聪明的姑娘,我们都喜欢她。She is _we all like her.(so.that)She is _we all l
41、ike her.(such.that)_we all like her.(so.that倒装)_we all like her.(such.that倒装)so brilliant a girl thatsuch a brilliant girl thatSo brilliant a girl is she thatSuch a brilliant girl is she that【要点拾遗】1.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的,不一致的*In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to e
42、xplain how cholera spread.总的来说,当时的医生对霍乱是如何传播的有两种相互矛盾的解释。*(2018江苏高考)But the information I got was rich and varied,or even contradictory.但是我获得的信息是丰富的、多样的甚至相反的。【词块积累】be contradictory to 与矛盾/对立【即学活用】(1)The witness to the accident provided some _.这起事故的目击者提供了一些相互矛盾的证据。(2)The two issues are closely related
43、,but _each other as well.这两个问题息息相关,却又互相矛盾。contradictory proofcontradictory to2.handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)*Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此,他把水泵的把手拿掉了,这样水泵就不能用了。*The police are expert at handling situations like this.警察处理这类情况很内行。*The pilot
44、 knows how to handle a plane.飞行员知道如何操作飞机。【即学活用】语法填空(1)They have the confidence and ability _(handle)the important matter well.(2)The salesgirl is very good at _(handle)difficult customers,which pleases the manager very much.to handlehandling3.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transform
45、ed the way scientists study diseases.此外,斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。【句式解构】本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases是定语从句,修饰 the way,从句省略了关系词 that 或 in which。*You could tell she was foreign by the way she dressed.从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。*5G will surely change the way people work and live.5G将会改变人们的工作和生活方式。【名师点津】(1)way表
46、示“方式;方法”时,其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句,也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉,此时关系词在从句中作状语。(2)way后接定语从句时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用关系代词that/which,作宾语时还可以省略。(3)way表示“方式;方法”时,其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.的形式。【即学活用】(1)However,on TV and the radio you will hear differences in _ _.然而,在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话方式的不同。(2)Something that happens in your
47、 daily life will change _ _and the people in it.日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世人的方式。the way peoplespeakthe way you look at theworld【拓视野观天下】1.Republic of Koreas population fell year-on-year for the first time in 2020,census data showed Sunday,with a record low number of births getting surpassed by deaths to cau
48、se a natural decrease.周日公布的人口普查数据显示,2020年韩国首次出现人口负增长,死亡人口数超过新生人口数,新生人口数创历史新低。2.Up to 85 percent of the Chinese population will subscribe to mobile services by 2025,while 88 percent of those subscribers will have smartphones.到2025年,高达85%的中国人口将订阅移动服务,而其中88%的用户将拥有智能手机。3.More than 90 percent of Chinas energy is supplied by state-owned enterprises.They need to transform from traditional energy to new energy.中国90%以上的能源由国有企业供应。他们需要从传统能源转变为新能源。本课结束
