1、Section Grammar 定语从句()新知导引1(教材P34)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2(教材P34)It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.3(教材P34)He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.4(教材P34)The school where I studied for o
2、nly two years was three kilometres away.5(教材P34)However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.6(教材P34). until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.7(教材P34)The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest
3、parts of South Africa.8(教材P34). we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.语法详解定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。1关系副词when引导的定语从句when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, day, hour, year等。We will never forget t
4、he year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.他生活在一个盲人得不到教育的时期。温馨提示：when是关系副词，在从句中只能作状语，而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that，作宾语时常常省略关系代词。Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other al
5、l night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)2关系副词where引导的定语从句where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, factory, house, village等。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年
6、前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He is now working in the factory where his father worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。温馨提示：(1)若表示地点的先行词在从句中不作地点状语时，不可用where来引导定语从句，若作主语或宾语时，应用which或that来引导定语从句。This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which/that，不用where)The school (wh
7、ich/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)(2)一些特殊名词后用where引导定语从句。如果定语从句前面的先行词是point, situation, condition, stage和case等，且在从句中作状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。We have come to the point where we have to face such a problem.我们已到了必须面对这样一个问题的地步了。Its helpful to put children in
8、 a situation where they can see themselves differently.把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。3.关系副词why引导的定语从句why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason这个词。I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his
9、 birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？温馨提示：若先行词reason在从句中不作状语，而作主语或宾语时，应用that或which来引导定语从句。I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)The reason why/for which you failed, I think, was that you had not followed your mothers advice.我认为你失败的原因是
10、你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或for which)4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词which”。选用介词的依据：(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。The old woman with whom you
11、 talked just now is a famous artist.刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。(3)根据句子的意思来选择。My computer, without which I cant surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。(4)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，常用. of which/whom引导定语从句。I have about ten books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。The old m
12、an has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.这位老人有两个儿子，两个儿子都是律师。温馨提示：在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)考情分析关系副词和“介词which”引导的定语从句是定语从句考查的重点和难点，尤其是“
13、介词which”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。另外，当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时，要用哪个关系词还要看关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。口诀助记(口诀一)定语从句真奇妙，关系代(副)词来引导，定语从句分两种，是否限定看逗号。(口诀二)which指物who指人，地点where时间when，that人或物均可，why之前是reason。即时训练. 单句填空1We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.2He wrote a letter where he explai
14、ned what had happened in the accident.3Many people were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes where people were eaten by the tiger. 完成句子1一些学龄前儿童去日间托儿所，在那里他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。Some preschool children go to a day care center where_they_learn simple games and songs.2今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用语言
15、的情况。Today, well discuss a number of cases where_new_English_learners fail to use the language properly.3.我迟到的原因是我的车在路上抛锚了。The reason why_I_was_late was that my car broke down on the way.4我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得信息的时代。We live in an age when_information is available with greater ease than ever before.5许多国
16、家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到保护。Many countries are now setting up national_parks_where animals and plants can be protected. 单句填空1I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.2He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.3He wrot
17、e many childrens books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.4Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.5I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying(study) Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany. 根据句意在空白处填入相应的
18、“介词关系代词”1The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through_which he could see what was happening inside the house.2The age at_which children can go to school is seven.3The dog, of_which she used to be afraid, is her favourite animal now.4The speed at_which Tom drives his car is too high.5Tom is the bo
19、y with_whom I went to the cinema together.单句语法填空1We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.2We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.3He didnt tell me the reason why he was so excited.4Do you still remember the day when we met on
20、 the train for the first time?5The school where he once worked is famous for its beautiful scenery.6Could you tell me something about the girl whose father is an astronaut?7Is this the classroom where the old soldier is going to give us a speech?8Ill never forget the time that/which we spent togethe
21、r in the army camp.9Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.10I know the girl whom the teacher talked with yesterday.11National Day is a special day which/that we should keep in mind.12I will never forget the winter holiday when we stayed together.单句改错1The book which cover is broken was bo
22、ught by Tom yesterday.whichwhose2In Beijing we visited the Birds Nest which the 29th Olympics were held.whichwhere3I dont believe the reason why he explained to me just now.whythat/which4I will never forget the day on that I first came to his beautiful school.thatwhich5Have you visited the city wher
23、e was named after the first president of the USA?wherewhich6There was a period of time in his childhood that he liked listening to stories very much.thatwhen7This is the factory which he worked ten years ago.whichwhere8He got to the station at five thirty where the bus had already left.wherewhen.语法与
24、写作1The reason why_he_could_not_go_there was that he was ill in bed.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。2We are living in an age when_many_things_are_done on computer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。3After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。4I dont like the way (that/in_which)_you_
25、spoke_to_your_parents.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。5The house which_was_destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。6Ill never forget the days when_I_worked_together_with_you.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。课时作业(二十)Unit 5Section Grammar 定语从句().单句语法填空1Could you tell me the reason why you were late for
26、your work yesterday?2The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.3This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.4This is the little girl whose parents both got killed in the train accident last year.5Mother always remembers the day when I was bor
27、n.6Though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff, I dont like the way that/in_which he spoke to them.7This is the house where my grandfather lived three years ago.8The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.9I still remember the day on which I first came to this
28、school.10I will miss the days when I stayed with my host family in Paris.阅读理解On her first day teaching students from poor families at an afterschool program in New York City, Alyssa Kapasi noticed how many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruit in the school cafeteria. One of the workers
29、explained that many of these students dont get enough to eat at home, so a school lunch or an afterschool meal might be the most food they would get all day.Kapasi, who attends private school, was very surprised. Whats more, she made up her mind to help. “I want other kids to understand that if you
30、see a problem, you dont have to wait to grow up to fix it，” says Kapasi. She and a group of friends are now putting their programming skills to work to create an app called Food for Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kindhearted strangers to donate to a lunch account for a student
31、 in need at a nearby school.About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have lowprice meals, and those students families have to pay for part of their food. When they dont have the money on any given day, the students might have to settle_for an “alternative(可替代的) meal”
32、 such as a cheese sandwich.The appwhich is getting financial(财政的) support from a GoFundMe pageprovides anonymity(匿名) to those who receive lunch and donors. To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation(推荐) from a school teacher, and no one else has to know.“I want to make an app that all
33、 users feel no shame in using，” says Kapasi. She hopes to test the app in a school district this fall.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国纽约市一名叫Alyssa Kapasi的女孩设计了一款应用程序来解决贫困家庭学生的饥饿问题。1Why does Kapasi want to create an app?ATo teach kids how to help others.BTo practise her programming skills.CTo introduce her schoo
34、l to the public.DTo solve the problem of hunger in schools.答案与解析：D推理判断题。第一段介绍了Kapasi设计应用程序的缘由她看到许多在学校餐厅排队领取免费食物的孩子并了解到很多孩子在家吃不饱；再由第二段中的she made up her mind to help.to work to create an app called Food for Thought可知，她致力于解决贫困家庭学生的饥饿问题。2What does the underlined phrase “settle for” in Paragraph 3 probab
35、ly mean?ABuy. BMake.CAccept. DOffer.答案与解析：C词义猜测题。由前文中的About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have lowprice meals可知，本段介绍了美国孩子享受免费或者低价午餐的情况。对于那些没有钱支付低价午餐的孩子，他们可以得到诸如奶酪三明治之类的食物来替代午餐。3What should a family do if they want to get help from Food for Thought?AVisit a GoFun
36、dMe page.BGet in touch with Kapasi.CBe recommended by teachers.DDonate something else instead.答案与解析：C细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation from a school teacher可知，想要获得Food for Thought帮助的家庭，只需被学校老师推荐即可。4What can we infer about the users of Kapasis app?AThey wont lose
37、 face in using it.BThey will make money by using it.CThey will know who offers them help.DThey wont meet their donors until this fall.答案与解析：A推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的The app.provides anonymity to those who receive lunch and donors和最后一段中的I want to make an app that all users feel no shame in using可知，该应用软件提供匿名服务，
38、这样不会让使用者丢面子。.阅读填句 How to keep a tidy deskWorking at a clean desk can often be more effective(有效的)! _1_？ The following will help you to have a tidy desk.Only keep things you really need on and near your desk. Use a tray(文件盘) for any papers you have to read. Have a small box for pens and pencils and h
39、ave a rubbish bin near your desk._2_. Go to the kitchen when you want to have a drink or, if you prefer, keep a drink on a small table near your desk.Cut down the amount of paper that you use. Try to keep as much information as possible on your computer. Before printing a document(文件), ask yourself,
40、 “_3_？”Use your smartphone to take photos of things you need to remember. For example, take photos of notes to yourself, the name and address of a place you need to visit or diagrams you need to study for school.Get a noticeboard. _4_， use a noticeboard on the wall. Check it every day and throw old
41、notes in the bin.Clean your desk at the end of every day._5_！ If you do it every day, it will only take five minutes and you can start each new day with a clean and tidy space.AWhatever youre writing downBDont keep any drinks on your deskCDo I really need to read this on paperDChoose a time to tidy
42、your desk and do itEIf you really do need to keep small bits of paperFIs a noticeboard a good way to organize bits of paperGDo you want to start cleaning, but you do not know how【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条如何保持书桌整齐的小窍门。1G该空后的The following will help you to have a tidy desk是对G项中的you do not know how的回答。2B由该空后的
43、Go to the kitchen.to have a drink和keep a drink on a small table near your desk可知，本段建议不要在书桌上摆放任何饮料。故选B项。3C由该空前的Try to keep as much information as possible on your computer和Before printing a document可知，打印文件前，问一问自己“是否真的需要阅读纸质内容”。这与本段小标题Cut down the amount of paper that you use相呼应。4E由本段小标题Get a noticebo
44、ard和该空后的throw old notes可知，如果真的需要保存一些小纸片，可以利用墙上的布告栏。E项中的small bits of paper与notes相呼应。5DD项中的Choose a time to tidy your desk与本段小标题Clean your desk at the end of every day相呼应。.完形填空After I graduated from college, I tried to find work. I applied(申请) everywhere but no one _1_ me. Finally I _2_ a job in a gr
45、oup home for mentally disabled(有心理缺陷的) people. It wasnt _3_ work. Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients (委托人). Also we had to take them to their supported jobs, and help them to _4_ their behaviors when they acted out. It was a difficult job emotionally(感情上) and I really
46、 wasnt _5_ for it. In fact, I didnt _6_ to go to work each day.One of our clients was a young man who couldnt _7_ and would often behave badly when wanting to express something. He did _8_ walking outside, however, so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road to _9_ him d
47、own. One day when we were out _10_， I suddenly felt something touch my fingers. The young man was trying to _11_ my hand. _12_ pushing it away, I took his _13_ and we walked along together in the sunshine. Then as we turned to head back to the home I _14_ it. There was a light shining in his eyes. I
48、t was full of love, happiness and goodness. In that moment I saw past his _15_ behaviors. I saw who he really was.Little did I know that _16_ would help prepare me for my own two sons mental illness. It would help me to see the _17_ that lay within them as well and learn that caring for them was not
49、 a _18_ but an honor(荣幸). It would help me to realize they were to be my greatest _19_. They taught me how to live and how to love. They showed me the only way to make sure that love and happiness live on our planet is to _20_ them there ourselves.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者大学毕业后，在一家看护中心照顾有心理缺陷的人。这段工作经历以及后来照顾患有
50、精神病的两个儿子教会了作者如何生活、如何给予他人关爱。1A.accepted Bunderstood Chelped Dpraised答案与解析：A由I applied everywhere but可知，此处表示没有人“接受(accepted)”“我”。2A.created Boffered Cgot Drefused答案：C3A.dangerous Beasy Csafe Ddifficult答案与解析：B由Our work included the feeding, dressing, and safety of our clients以及下文中的It was a difficult jo
51、b emotionally可知，最终作者在一家看护中心“找到了(got)”一份工作。那不是一份“容易的(easy)”工作。4A.change BjudgeCcontrol Dshow答案与解析：C由上文中的mentally disabled people以及本句中的acted out可知，此处表示帮助那些有心理缺陷的人“控制(control)”自己的行为。5A.sorry Bready Cthankful Dregretful答案：B6A.ask Bagree Cpromise Dwant答案与解析：D由It was a difficult job emotionally可知，“我”真的没有“
52、准备好(ready)”从事这份工作。事实上，“我”每天都不“想(want)”去上班。7A.talk Bhear Csee Dlearn答案与解析：A由本句中的would often behave badly when wanting to express something可推断，这位委托人有言语障碍，故选talk。8A.hate Bpractice Cconsider Denjoy答案与解析：D由下文中的so the other workers would often have me take him for a walk up the road以及we walked along toget
53、her in the sunshine可知，“我”的委托人“喜欢(enjoy)”外出散步。9A.calm Bbreak Clet Dpull答案与解析：A由上文中的help them to.their behaviors when they acted out可知，其他工作人员让“我”带这位委托人去散步从而使他“平静(calm)”下来。10A.running BridingCwalking Dtraveling答案与解析：C由下文中的we walked along together in the sunshine可知，此处表示有一天，我们外出“散步(walking)”时。11A.hurt Bh
54、old Clift Dbeat答案：B12A.Instead of BExcept for CAs for DAlong with答案：A13A.bag Bclothes Chand Dhead答案与解析：C由I suddenly felt something touch my fingers以及I took his.and we walked along together in the sunshine可知，“我”的委托人试着“抓住(hold)”“我”的手。“我”“没有(Instead of)”推开，而是握住了他的“手(hand)”。14A.saw Bgave Creceived Dlost
55、答案与解析：A由下文中的There was a light shining in his eyes以及I saw past.her really was可知，此处表示“我”“看到(saw)”他眼中闪烁的光芒。15A.interesting Btroubling Cshy Dnatural答案与解析：B由上文中的would often behave badly when wanting to express something以及There was a light shining in his eyes. It was full of love, happiness and goodness可知
56、，此处表示那一刻，作者忽略了这个委托人曾“令人烦恼的(troubling)”行为。16A.skill Bprogress Cidea Dexperience答案与解析：D由语境可知，此处表示作者在看护中心的那段工作“经历(experience)”。17A.secret Blight Csadness Ddream答案与解析：B由上文中的There was a light shining in his eyes以及that.would help prepare me for my own two sons mental illness以及本句中的as well可知，作者的这段工作经历让他能够了解
57、患有精神疾病的两个儿子的内心，light符合语境。18A.business Bmethod Cresult Dduty答案与解析：D由本句中的but an honor可知，此处表示照顾他们不是履行“职责(duty)”，而是荣幸。19A.friends Bsupporters Cteachers Dstudents答案与解析：C由下文中的They taught me how to live and how to love以及They showed me the only way to make sure that love and happiness live on our planet可知，作者认为他们是最伟大的“老师(teachers)”，教会了他如何生活、如何给予他人关爱。20A.find Bput Cexpect Dhide答案与解析：B结合全文可知，此处表示如果我们想要得到爱、得到幸福，唯一的方式就是我们给予他人爱和幸福，put符合语境。
