1、课时作业39Literature.阅读理解A(2019吉林一中月考)Pygmalion is a drama in which Shaw has made sentiments one of the principle themes of discussion. The Greek sculptor Pygmalion carved a statue and fell in love with it. Aphrodite (the goddess of love) turned the statue into a living woman named Galatea, who then bec
2、ame Pygmalions wife.The Shavian Pygmalion is Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, who picks up a flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, teaches her to speak as educated people do, and then successfully passes_her_off_as a duchess. But she is a human being and cannot be treated as a machine. In the course
3、 of all his experiments and exhibitions, the professor only thinks of his own skill success and failure, but never stops to consider how the girl feels. When the experiment is over, he has a profound sense of relief that he has achieved triumph and has won his bet. Even now, the sentiment of the gir
4、l is of no account. The girl naturally protests against this dehumanized relationship between her and her teacher. She hurls (投掷) the professors slippers at him when he wants them and then leaves his place. But evidently, she has begun to feel for the professor and wants also to be felt for.Now the
5、question is what is the nature of Elizas feelings for the professor with whom she has lived in close association for so long? In the last act, the girl says she would not marry him even if he had proposed (求婚) to her. The professor, curiously ineffectual (无效的) to sexual emotions, does not love any g
6、irl because he finds them to be rivals (对手) to his own mother. He wonders, if Eliza does not want to marry him, then what does she want from him? Old Mrs Higgins, who knows much about a woman says that it would have been better if he had thanked her and petted her and told her how wonderful she had
7、been. Then perhaps she would not have fought with him. Every girl loves to be loved. Eliza herself says that she loves Freddy and he also loves her. Professor Higgins, however, remains as ever, an old bachelor.萧伯纳的著名戏剧卖花女具有经久不衰的艺术魅力，描述的是语音学教授希金斯如何给一名卖花姑娘训练英语发音被上流社会接受并认可的故事，从而抨击了当时英国腐朽保守的等级意识。1What d
8、oes the underlined phrase “passes her off as” in Paragraph 2 mean?ALets her pretend to be.BDresses her up as.CMakes her become.DTurns into.答案：A解析：释义：词义猜测题。根据前文的“teaches her to speak as educated people do”以及下文的“In the course of all his experiments and exhibitions”可知该短语的意思是“让某人冒充或假装成”。2What kind of pe
9、rson do you think Higgins is according to the second paragraph?AHe is a kind man.BHe is a considerate man.CHe is a selfish man.DHe is a rude man.答案：C解析：释义：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知Higgins只考虑自己的成败得失，从不考虑Eliza的感受，显然他是一个自私的人。3Why does not Eliza marry Higgins? Because _.Ashe does not love himBhis mother does not
10、 like any girl to be her rivalChe likes to be a bachelorDhe doesnt love any girl for fear of them being his mothers rivals答案：D解析：释义：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知Eliza不会嫁给Higgins，因为Higgins担心未来的妻子会成为他母亲的对手，所以他不敢爱上任何一个女孩。4Which of the following statements is TRUE?AShaw was in fact a Greek sculptor.BHiggins was exp
11、erimenting with Eliza.CEliza wanted to become an educated lady very much.DHiggins fell in love with Eliza at first sight.答案：B解析：释义：细节理解题。根据第二段可知Higgins只是把Eliza当成一个试验品。故B正确。B(2019河南八市模拟)The worlds population is projected to reach 11 billion by the end of the century.Feeding that many people will be a
12、 challenge, and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture. That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.About 2 billion people already eat bugs. Mexicans enjoy chillytoasted gr
13、asshoppers. Thais tuck into cricket stirfries and Ghanaians snack on termites. Insects are slowly creeping on to Western menus as novelty items, but most people remain squeamish (拘谨)Yet there are three reasons why eating insects makes sense.First, they are healthier than meat. There are nearly 2,000
14、 kinds of edible insects, many of them packed with protein, calcium, fiber, iron and zinc. A small serving of grasshoppers can contain about the same amount of protein as a similar sized serving of beef, but has far less fat and far fewer calories.Second, raising insects is cheap, or free. Little te
15、chnology or investment is needed to produce them. Harvesting insects could provide livelihoods to some of the worlds poorest people.Finally, insects are a far more sustainable source of food than livestock. Livestock production accounts for nearly a fifth of all greenhouse gas emissions, thats more
16、than transport. By contrast, insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water. And they eat almost anything.Despite all this, most Westerners find insects hard to swallow.One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as re
17、ady meals and pasta sauces. Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable.本文主要谈论的是由于未来人口持续增长，可能会导致食物供应不足，所以有人提议吃昆虫，并且对吃昆虫的好处进行了说明。5What is the direct reason why some people advocate eating insects?AInsufficient fo
18、od supply.BClimate change.CThe rapid increase of population.DInsects high nutrition.答案：A解析：释义：细节理解题。根据第二段Feeding that many people will be a challenge, and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture. That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food suppl
19、y and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.可知，一些人提倡吃昆虫的最直接的原因就是食物供应不足。6From the passage, we can infer that _.Aeating insects is healthier than eating beefBeating insects is popular among westernersCeating insects can help people lose weightDeating insects causes less damage t
20、o the environment答案：D解析：释义：推理判断题。根据第七段中的By contrast, insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water. And they eat almost anything.可推断出，人类吃昆虫对环境造成的危害更少。7How can we make it more acceptable to eat insects?ABy closing your eyes when eating insects.BBy
21、eating insects together with other food.CBy putting insects nutrients into other food products.DBy considering the environmental benefits of eating insects.答案：C解析：释义：细节理解题。根据最后一段One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces. Not having to l
22、ook at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable.可知，把昆虫的营养放入其他食物里，这样我们更容易接受吃昆虫。.完形填空(2019北京市第五中学模拟)My introduction to the wonder of dogs came from my wife Robyn. Robyn helped us start _1_ that slowly. She got us a dog, Hugo, when o
23、ur son was six. She knew that would _2_ me because she thought the dog was one of the smartest species.When our son Daniel turned ten, he wanted a _3_ of his own. I was against it using _4_ borrowed from others. It was _5_. One giant “Please, Dad” and I gave in _6_. Robyn brought home Chester.Cheste
24、r is _7_ people mean when they talk about unconditional love. When someone came into our house, he was so _8_ to see him or her that he would nearly knock him or her down. The deliveryman learned to _9_ things at the front door.However, as a professor, I dont think Chester is worthy of great praise
25、in some _10_. When I arrived home, I fully _11_ to find Hugo reading the newspaper. Not Chester. Chester would try to make his way _12_ a narrow door, find himself _13_ halfway and then look at me with total puzzlement. I dont think he ever got to _14_ that the back part of him was actually attached
26、 to the front.Then last month, Chester _15_ quite suddenly. When told the _16_， a young friend who was a regular victim of Chesters unconditional love said _17_， “He is the sweetest creature I have ever _18_.”Some will say that in a world with so much human suffering, it is something _19_ to mourn a
27、 dog. I think not. After all it is perfectly normal to be deeply _20_ when nature presents us with a scene of great beauty. Should we not be moved when it produces a creature of the purest sweetness?本文是一篇记叙文。作者并不是一下子就对狗产生好感的，是他的妻子使他开始了解到狗的可爱和神奇。作者在文中向我们讲述了关于家中的两只狗Hugo和Chester的故事。1A.realizingBadmitti
28、ngCrespectingDreceiving答案：A解析：释义：该空后的that指代上一句中提到的the wonder of dogs。结合上一句中的introduction可知，Robyn帮助作者慢慢开始认识到(realizing)了狗的神奇。2A.belong toBrefer toCappeal toDapply to答案：C解析：释义：结合该空后的原因状语从句可知，正是因为Robyn认为狗是最聪明的物种之一，所以她相信狗会对作者有吸引力(appeal to)，故选C。3A.dogBcatCroomDplant答案：A解析：释义：根据第一段第三句可知，作者家里已经有了一只宠物狗。再根据
29、该空后的of his own以及下文对儿子的宠物Chester的描述可知，作者的儿子想拥有自己的宠物狗(dog)。4A.animalsBargumentsCnamesDdocuments答案：B解析：释义：作者要反对儿子想要一只宠物狗的想法，所以，这里应该是指作者借用他人的论据(arguments)来反对。argument“论点，论据”。5A.powerfulBreasonableCnaturalDuseless答案：D解析：释义：根据该段最后一句可知，最终Robyn给儿子带回家一只宠物狗，可见作者想办法来说服儿子的这一努力没有起作用(useless)。6A.hardlyBhonestlyCh
30、urriedlyDcompletely答案：D解析：释义：儿子的一句“求求你了，爸爸”，就让作者彻底地(completely)投降了。7A.whatBwhichCwhyDwhom答案：A解析：释义：Chester是当人们谈论“无条件的爱”这一意义时所用的。what作mean的宾语。8A.angryBrelaxedCworriedDhappy答案：D解析：释义：这篇文章是在赞美Chester，因此该空所填词应是对Chester的赞美。因此D项恰当。9A.throwBleaveCsellDexchange答案：B解析：释义：上一句中提到Chester过于热情，总是差点撞倒家中的客人，所以送货员学会
31、了把物品放在(leave)门前。10A.countriesBversionsCrespectsDsystems答案：C解析：释义：作者在该段讲了一件关于两只狗Hugo和Chester很有趣的事情。此处作者用诙谐的语调讲述到：作为一名教授，他觉得在某些方面(respects), Chester不应该受到表扬。in some respects“在某些方面”。11A.decidedBattemptedCexpectedDrefused答案：C解析：释义：因为每当他到家的时候，总会恰如作者预料(expected)的那样，发现“爱学习的”Hugo在看报纸，而Chester并没有。12A.throughB
32、toCaboveDoff答案：A解析：释义：Chester总是想努力通过一扇很窄的门，但一半身子却被卡在那里了。13A.hungBstuckCleftDdropped答案：B解析：释义：联系空后的halfway and then look at me with total puzzlement可知，它身体卡(stuck)在那里，不知所措。14A.imagineBacceptCbelieveDunderstand答案：D解析：释义：根据上文的puzzlement可知，作者猜想Chester是不会明白(understand)它的后半截身子实际上是和前半截连在一起的。15A.escapedBdied
33、CdisappearedDslept答案：B解析：释义：根据下一段第一句中的mourn可知，Chester有一天突然就死(died)了。16A.secretBjokeCnewsDevent答案：C解析：释义：此处的news指上一句中提到的Chester死了的消息。17A.sadlyBbrieflyCmerrilyDcoldly答案：A解析：释义：根据空后朋友说的话可知，他非常喜欢Chester，因此当他听到这个消息时，他感到很难过(sadly)。18A.createdBseenCadoptedDowned答案：B解析：释义：朋友说，这是他见到过(seen)的最可爱的生物。19A.commonBconsiderateCstrangeDapparent答案：C解析：释义：结合后面两句中作者对自己观点的陈述可知，有些人觉得在一个许多人受苦难的世界里，悼念一只狗是一件奇怪的(strange)事情。20A.beatenBhurtCdividedDmoved答案：D解析：释义：根据下一句“Should we not be moved.”可知，此处是指因自然界呈现给我们的美景而感动(moved)是完全正常的。
