1、Section Grammar被动语态课前自主预例句体验1Some prepositions are omitted in American English.在美式英语中，一些介词被省略了。2So far, the moon has been visited by man already.到目前为止，月球已被人类到访过了。3A talk on Chinese history will be given in the school hall next week.下周，一场关于中国历史的讲座将在学校礼堂举行。4A lot of things are being done by the doctor
2、s to save the little girl now.现在医生们在用尽一切方法救治那个小女孩。5The monkey was seen to jump off the tree just now.刚才那只猴子被看到从树上跳了下来。6How many trees had been planted by the end of last year?到去年年底，已经种了多少棵树？7A nice picture was being drawn for our teacher at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候，正在为我们老师画一幅漂亮的画。8Was the city bui
3、lt in 1880?这座城市被建于1880年吗？9Will the food be sent to the homeless tomorrow?明天这些食物会被送给无家可归者吗？10Has the girl been allowed to go out alone at night yet?那个女孩已被允许晚上独自外出了吗？课堂合作探究 语法讲座一、被动语态概述构成助动词be动词的过去分词(be动词有人称、数和时态的变化)用法(1)不知道动作的执行者或者没必要、不愿意或不便说出动作的执行者时(2)强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时His bicycle was stolen yesterda
4、y.他的自行车昨天被人偷了。Our classroom is cleaned every day.我们每天都打扫教室。Some babies are being looked after by my mother.一些婴儿正由我母亲照顾。名师点津在被动语态中，经常带有“by动作执行者”，by在此译为“被，由”。二、各种时态的被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时will/shall be done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been don
5、e过去完成时had been done过去将来时would be doneEnglish is spoken in many countries.很多国家说英语。Some trees are being cut down in the park.公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。The construction of the new lab will be completed by the end of next month.新实验室将会在下个月底前完工。These magazines will not be taken out of the reading room.不准把这些杂志带出阅览室。Has
6、 the young man be asked to do such heavy work?让这个年轻人做这样繁重的工作了吗？Where was the textbook put？课本放在哪儿了？The work had been finished before I came here.我来到这儿之前，这项工作已经完成了。He told me that those trees would be moved to the park.他告诉我，那些树将被移到公园去。名师点津被动语态的否定形式是在助动词后面加not；其疑问句形式是把助动词放在主语的前面。 三、被动语态的特殊形式 1.含有情态动词的被
7、动语态的结构为：情态动词be过去分词。 She should be taught how to operate the computer. 应该教给她如何操作电脑。 2.“get/remain动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。 The patient gets treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 四、主动形式表达被动含义 1.动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, turn, fail, grow, keep, go, stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点。 The dish taste
8、s delicious.这道菜尝起来美味极了。 2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, open, stop, move等，用主动形式表达被动含义。 The shop opens at 8：00 every day.商店每天八点开始营业。3表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, lock等，用主动形式表达被动含义。 The new book sells well.这本新书销路很好。 五、主动语态变成被动语态 1.将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态，其后可接b
9、y介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。 The teacher asked him to answer the question. 老师让他回答问题。(变成被动语态) He was asked to answer the question by the teacher. 2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。 Will the doctor operate on the patient? 医生将给病人动手术吗？(变成被动语态) Will the patient be operated o
10、n by the doctor? Where did they grow vegetables? 他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态) Where were vegetables grown by them? 3.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)保持不变； 二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 He told us a story. 他给我们讲了一个故事。 (变成被动语态) We were told a story by him.A story was told to us by him. Her mother bou
11、ght her a computer. 她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。(变成被动语态) A computer was bought for her by her mother. She was bought a computer by her mother. 4.若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。 She will take good care of the children. 她将会照顾好这些孩子。(变成被动语态) The children will be taken good care of by her. 5.let，make等
12、使役动词和see，watch，feel，notice，hear等感官动词用于被动语态时，若其后接动词不定式作补足语，这时要用带to的不定式。I hear Class 7 sing the English song every day.每天我都听到7班唱这首英文歌。(变成被动语态)The English song is heard to sing every day by me.课堂总结演练单句语法填空1Customers are asked to make sure that they _ (give) the right change before leaving the shop.答案：h
13、ave been given2What do you think of the speech?The speaker said almost nothing worth _ (listen) to.答案：listening3Perhaps most of the work _ (do) by this time tomorrow.答案：will have been done4In times of economic downturn, children _ (warn) not to follow the fashion.答案：were warned5People were not allow
14、ed to enter the reading room because it _ (paint)答案：was being painted6We knew that we _ (give) our books the next day.答案：would be given7It is reported that many a new house _ (build) at present in the disaster area.答案：is being built8The surface of the table _ (not feel) smooth enough.答案：doesnt feel9
15、It _ (not decide) whether she will get her work in the company.答案：hasnt been decided10By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ (complete) in Shanghai.答案：had been completed单句改错1What the girl student has said is sounded true._答案：is soundedsounds2The lock is locked easily._答案：is lockedlocks3The
16、 meetingroom needs being cleaned._答案：being cleanedcleaning/to be cleaned4The books in the bookshop are worth being read._答案：being readreading5The flowers were so lovely that they were sell out in no time._答案：sellsold演练通关提升 夯实基础知识单句语法填空1A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap)
17、 in the mountains for two days.答案：had been trapped2I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ (carry) out in the past two years.答案：had been carried3My washing machine _ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.答案：is being repaired4The students _ (tell) to
18、take care of their desks and chairs, because they need _ (repair)答案：are told; repairing/to be repaired5How many trees _ (plant) in your school every year?答案：are planted6Jane _ (dress) in blue jeans and a pink shirt last week.答案：was dressed7This kind of apple _ (sell) well.答案：sells8A medical team _ (
19、send) to the worsthit disaster area tomorrow.答案：will be sent9The computer contest may _ (hold) next week in time.答案：be held10We want to sit at the table near the window.I am sorry, but it _ (reserve) already.答案：has been reserved单句改错1The water was felt cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exe
20、rcise._答案：去掉was2Your pen is written quite smoothly._答案：is writtenwrites3The problem requires being studying with care._答案：being studyingstudying/to be studied4The question is worth being discussed again and again._答案：being discusseddiscussing5Two English books has been learned by the end of last ter
21、m._答案：hashad单句写作1明年我们学校要建造一座新的教学楼。A new teaching building _ in our school next year.答案：will be built2在你离开教室之前，应该关上门和窗户。Before you leave the classroom，the door and windows _.答案：should be closed3到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。All the work by now_.答案：has been finished4我们都知道，学校的一切规章都必须遵守。As we know, all the regulatio
22、ns in school_.答案：must be kept/obeyed5那边有一群人，去看看在卖什么。Theres a crowd of people over there. Go and see what_.答案：is being sold提升实战能力阅读理解The sun was setting and the farm would be closing. I dressed our three daughters quickly as my husband started the van. Cutting down our own Christmas tree had been a f
23、amily tradition. As our family grew, so did our excitement for going out to find the perfect tree.As we walked through the rows of trees, my youngest daughter Kimberly shouted excitedly, “There it is, the perfect tree！” The other two agreed. My husband and I looked at each other puzzled. We were sur
24、prised the girls thought that straggly (凌乱的) little tree was perfect. Its branches were misshappen (畸形的) and the trunk was visible through the spots where there were no pine needles.We tried to persuade our daughters into changing their minds, but in vain. We had to tie the sad little tree to the ro
25、of of our van and headed home. As we reached our house, Heather jumped out first. Suddenly she shouted, “The tree isnt there！” We thought she was kidding. However, it wasnt there.The girls were so disappointed. “Well get another tree tomorrow，” I said, secretly hoping the new tree would be prettier.
26、 But the girls gave us the look that no parent can resist. We had no choice but to go back and find that tree.About five minutes into our drive, we saw it on the side of the road. As we got closer, we found it had been run over by a truck. As we lifted the tree, we saw that a big part was ripped off
27、, but we took it home anyway.That night, as we decorated our tree, something magical happened. We didnt realize it at the time but we were making a very special family memory. By the time we were done, I had to admit, it didnt look sad after all. “This is the best tree we ever had. Its perfect！” my
28、second daughter Samantha said excitedly. My husband and I couldnt have agreed more!Now we always recall that little broken tree! Year by year, we tell the story of that very special Christmas almost twentyfive years ago.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述二十五年前的圣诞节，作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮成漂亮的圣诞树。尽管时间流逝，但作者一家人对那棵树还是津津乐道，经
29、常想起那棵树。1Who was the first to find the tree was missing?AThe youngest daughter.BThe second daughter.CThe oldest daughter.DThe authors husband.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I dressed our three daughters”，第二段中的“my youngest daughter Kimberly”，第三段中的“As we reached our house, Heather jumped out first.”及第六段中的“my second
30、 daughter Samantha said excitedly”可知，作者的大女儿发现车顶上的松树不见了，故选C。2How did the author feel when hearing the tree was missing?APleased. BDepressed.CDisappointed. DWorried.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We were surprised the girls thought that straggly (凌乱的) little tree was perfect.”以及第四段中的“Well get another tree tomorrow
31、， I said, secretly hoping the new tree would be prettier.”可知，作者和丈夫一开始就不觉得那棵松树好看，直到发现那棵树不见了，作者暗自窃喜，她希望新找的树会好看一点，故选A。3What do we know about the family from the passage?AThey took turns telling stories at Christmas.BThey spent a whole night decorating the tree.CThey all felt satisfied with the tree at
32、first sight.DThey turned the tree into an unforgettable one.答案：D推理判断题。根据第六段中的“We didnt realize it at the time but we were making a very special family memory.”及最后一段中的“Year by year, we tell the story of that very special Christmas almost twentyfive years ago.”可知，一家人把那棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮一新，其乐融融，以至于这成了二十五年来大家难以
33、忘怀、津津乐道的一件事情，故选D。4Which is the best title of this text?AA Perfect Christmas DayBThe Sad Little TreeCA Magical Christmas TaleDOur Family Tradition at Christmas答案：B标题判断题。文章主要讲述二十五年前的圣诞节，作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松树装扮成漂亮的圣诞树的故事。再根据第三段中的“We had to tie the sad little tree to the roof of our van and headed home.”和最后一段
34、中的“Now we always recall that little broken tree！”可知，B项最适合作为文章标题，故选B。七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences, or easily one of the worst. _1_Follow these five tips t
35、o avoid the common mistakes that make good roommate relationships worse.Talk things out. _2_ If something happens, sit down with your roommates and have a facetoface conversation. Complaining about your roommates behind their backs creates nothing but awkward situations and general unhappiness._3_ S
36、ome roommates become the best of friends, and some dont. Dont put pressure on yourself or your roommate to reach this level, especially when you first meet. Remember, you are trying to make a new friend, not scare your roommate away. And if your roommate doesnt end up being your best friend, there i
37、s no need to worry about it.Clean up after yourself. Or at least, keep your mess on your side. _4_ But being considerate with where you put your own stuff will help you avoid the arguments.Ask before you take. This applies to food, clothes, supplies and anything else that you dont own. _5_ Even if y
38、ou both agree to share everything you should still ask.ADont expect to be best friends.BCommunication is of vital importance.CYou dont need to keep the room clean and organized all the time.DRooms can be really easy for a mess to pile up.EIf you want to have a good relationship with your roommate, i
39、t all starts with you.FNot all roommates can become your best friends.GShow your roommate that you have respect for his or her belongings.1E根据第1空后文“Follow these five tips to avoid the common mistakes that make good roommate relationships worse.”可知，这里是介绍如何与自己的室友相处好的一些建议，而E项(如果你想要与你的室友有一个良好的关系，这一切都要从你
40、开始。)承上启下，符合语境，故选E。2B根据小标题“Talk things out.”可知，当发生什么事情的时候相互之间沟通是很重要的，而B项(沟通是很重要的。)符合语境，故选B。3A根据第3空后一句可知，有些室友成为了好朋友，但是有些却成不了好朋友，所以A项(不要期望每个室友都能成为最好的朋友。)符合语境，故选A。4C根据第4空后的“But being considerate with where you put your own stuff .”可知C项所述与前后文在语境和逻辑上均一致，故选C。5G本段主要描述不要轻易拿室友的个人物品，G项所述符合前后语境，故选G。语法填空The Forb
41、idden City, _1_ (locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.But more than 600 years after it was built, its still managing _2_ (serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes.Most structures arent made to survive _3_ (nature) disasters,
42、let alone those built hundreds of years ago.To show _4_ strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient buildings designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and _5_ (engineer) were shown building a scale model of
43、 one of the Forbidden Citys palaces, at one fifth of the size.The model _6_ (put) to the test. It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved _7_ (gentle) during the test.According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden Cit
44、ys strength, lies in dougong_8_ old building method invented in China.In spite of being held together _9_ any nails or glue, dougong is perfect at _10_ (keep) structures together. So as Chinas most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1.located2.to serve3.natural4.how5.engineers6.was put7.gently8.an9.without10keeping
