1、Unit 4 Earthquakes languages points 1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你必须立刻离开Shake（shook,shaken)v.摇动,摇,颤抖,震动n.摇动,摇,颤抖,震动翻译:服药前请摇动瓶子Please shake the bottle before taking the medicine.当火车经过时大地在剧烈地震动When the train passed by,the earth shook seriously这个可怜的孩子正冻
2、得发抖The poor child was shaking with cold.联想记忆:shake hands with sb.shake ones head/nod ones head shake sb by the hand=shake ones hand shake ones fist at sb right away=right now=at once=immediately 立刻;马上We must be off right away/right now.Its eight.请立刻把这篇文章打出来Please type this article out right away/rig
3、ht nowright away不可用于进行时态,right now还相当于at this very moment;at present在此刻,此时,可用于进行时态他们正在录制唱片They are making the record right now翻译:他此刻正在写一本小说He is writing a novel right now.现在是暑假我在农场上帮助爸爸干活Right now it is summer vocation and Im helping my dad on the farm.2.For three days the water in the village wells
4、 rose and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位升升落落不停.rise(rose,risen)vi.升起,起身,高耸,增长,上升n.上升,增加,上涨,发生,出现Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.He rose from his chair when the door bell rang.Prices continue to rise.raise reIz(raised,raised,raising)vt.抬高；举起I will not raise a hand against you.我不会做任何不利
5、于你的事。提高；增加to raise salaries提高工资他把手臂举过头顶。He raised his arms above his head.他们坚决要求提高工资They insisted on raising salaries rise 与 raise 上升，提高The price of tomatoes has _(rise,raise)recently.The price of the tomatoes has been _ (rise,raise)recently.He _(rise,raise)the child from the groundThe child _(rise,
6、raise)from the ground.risenraisedraisedrose3.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.发臭的气体从裂缝中冒出来。smelly adj.有臭味的eg:The food was smelly.扩展:n.+y构成形容词blood-mud-sun-cloud-rain-wind-taste-dream-ice-greed-fat-fog-4.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.tooto 太以至于不能(表否定)口头翻译:
7、李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军Li Pings brother is too young to join the army.=Li Pings brother is not old enough to join.听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来.Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak.“tooto”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常”“十分”“实在”真是太”等I am only too happy to teach you.我非常高兴教你们。He is but too glad to do
8、 so他非常喜欢这样做You can never be too old to enjoy a song.我们绝对不会老得不能获得歌曲带来的欢乐Tooto.结构中带有表示心情或描绘性的adj/advEg ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious etc也是强调肯定的表示法She is too ready to help others.他乐于助人。I am too eager to have a world trip.我很想去环球旅行扩展修饰单数名词too+adj.+a+n:I think shes too kind a girl to refuse.扩
9、展5.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝或者破裂.crack vi.使开裂,破裂,eg:The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.玻璃制成的瓶子当从桌子摔落到地上时容易破碎The bottles made of glass easily crack when they fell into the ground from the table.n.裂缝,裂纹翻译:今天别去滑冰了-冰上有危险的裂缝.Dont go skating today
10、-there are dangerous cracks in the ice.镜子破裂了The mirror cracked.墙上有个裂缝There is a crack in the wall爆炸；胀裂；突然而起；闯入burst(burst,burst;bursting)The balloon burst suddenly.气球突然爆炸了水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.(水库,堤坝等)决口河水冲毁了堤岸，淹没了村子The river burst its banks and flooded the town.If yo
11、u get much fatter you will burst your clothes.扩展:burst into+n突然.burst into tears burst into songburst into leafburs into flower她突然闯进门。She burst into the door.突然哭起来突然唱起来长出叶子开花burst out+v-ing :suddenly begin doing sthburst out cryingburst out laughingburst out singing突然哭起来突然笑起来突然唱起来burst into the room
12、 闯入房间a burst of applause/anger/tears 一阵.6.It seemed that the world was at an end.似乎世界末日来临at en end 结束;终/完结；到头The war was at an end.区分:at the end of;by the end of;in the end.There is a big bookstore _ this road.There is a pretty bird singing _ the tree.How many English words had you learned _ _ last
13、term.He will be a scientist _.My father will return home _ _ this year.at the end ofat the end ofby the end ofin the endat the end ofbring/put.to an end 使终止come to an end.结束end up with 以.而告终at the end(of):在末尾，指时间和空间by the end of:到末为止in the end:最后，最终，不与of 连用其他词组：7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large
14、city lay in ruins在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变为废墟.ruin n.废墟(c.n),毁灭(u.n)Vt.使毁灭in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语战争给这个国家带来了毁灭The war brought ruin to the country.Our plan is in ruins我们的计划泡汤了暴风雨摧毁了农作物The storm ruined the crops.那建筑物已断壁残垣如果你继续这样愚蠢下去,你将自毁前程You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.The buildi
15、ng is in ruins8.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤injure vt.损害,受伤 adj.injured 受伤的,受委屈的He cant play today because hes injured his knee.因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。Among the dead and injured,there were six children.死伤的人中，有六名儿童。辨析:hurt,injure,woundhurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害
16、,也可指身体的受伤或疼痛.wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤damage 指对物体的破坏或损坏injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示“损害名誉,伤害感情等”His words _her feelings.It _the eyes to read in the sun.More than 200 people were _in the car accident.The soldiers were _-in the battle.hurthurtsinjuredwounded9.The number of people who were killed or injuredreached
17、more than 400 000.伤亡的人数达到400 000.He sent his son to join the army as soon as he reached 18.Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.Weve got to reach an agreement about this question.The boy wasnt tall enough to reach the branches.The park reaches as far as the river.达到(指某种数目)抵达,传到达成(协议)得出(结论)
18、伸手够到(某物)vi.延伸10.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,哪里一切都几乎被毁坏了.everywhere=wherever=no matter where在这里做连词用,引导状语从句.如:Everywhere he appeared,he was popular.无论他出现在哪里，他都是受欢的无论他去哪，他的狗都跟着他。Everywhere he goes,his dogs follows him.everywhere pron.到处，处处我们到处找你。We have looked everyw
19、here for you.到处是深谷Everywhere are deep valleys.11.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了tens of thousands of 数以万计的hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的hundreds of thousands 数以十万计的thousands of 数千计的millions of 数百万计的scores of 许许多多的dozens of 许多，大量12.People were shocked.人们感到震惊.I was shocked
20、 at the news of her death.He was shocked to know he had been cheatedLiu xiang shocked the whole world(2)n.打击,震惊,休克The shock of the failure in the exam made her ill.It gave me quite a shock to learn that he had married again.The patient went into another shock.shock vt.&n.(1)vt.Cause a shock to sb.使某
21、人吃惊,使愤慨13.Some of the rescue workers and doctors weretrapped under the ruins.有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中rescue vt.援救;营救 rescue sb from sb/sth救出一孩子免于溺毙rescue a child from drowning解放军战士从即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太。The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling house.n.援救,营救a rescue team;a rescue mission.救援队；营救任务trap(trapp
22、ed,trapped)n.陷阱，圈套vt.使受限制(困)于;诱骗The car was trapped in the deep snow.15.people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.人们开始困惑这灾难要持续多久disaster(c.n.)灾难,灾祸,灾害 adj.disastrousadv.disastrously16.The army organized teams to dig out those who are trapped and to bury the dead.军队组成救援队挖掘那些受困的人们并埋葬死者。b
23、ury vt.(1)place(a dead body)in the ground埋葬eg:He was buried with his wife.(2)hide 掩埋 隐藏,Our dog buries its bones in the garden.She buried her face in her hands and wept.她双手掩面哭了起来.(3)短语:bury oneself in the country 隐居乡间bury oneself in sth 埋头于某事物,专心致志于某事be buried in thoughts/memories of the past沉思/回忆往事
24、dig out 掘出;发现 eg:他把狐狸从洞中掘出来了，He dug out the fox from/dug the fox out of the hole.to dig information out of books 从书本挖掘知识to dig out truth 寻求真理17.To the north of the city,most of the 10 000 miners were rescued from the coal mines.在城市的北部,一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救出。表方位介词in,to与onin表示“在其中”,在境内;to表示“向”的意思,在境外on 表示与境界相接.Japan lies _ the east of Asia.Japan lies _ the east of China.Fujian lies _the northeast of Duangdong.intoon18.Fresh water was taken to the city by trainfresh adj.新鲜的,无经验的,生的,(水)淡的fresh water-salt water fresh fruit/air/vegetables a fresh hand(新手,初学者)freshman-sophomore-junior-senior
