1、ellipsis人民教育出版社普通高中课程标准试验教科书省略省略是高考中的常考考点,状语从句的省略在高考中更是常见。在学习时要注意情景交际中的省略、不定式中的省略以及各种从句中的省略。为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种:一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语和谓语。*Hello!Is Jack in?你好,杰克在吗?(This is)Jack speaking.我就是。2.There be句型的省略。*(Is there)Anything wrong？发生了什么事吗？3.感叹句根据上下文的省略。*W
2、hat a(good)boy(he is)！多好的男孩呀！4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。*I go to the supermarket instead of the butchers(shop)to buy meat.我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。5.介词的省略。可以省略介词in的几个固定词组,如spend time(in)doing sth.,have a hard time(in)doing sth.,waste time(in)doing sth.等。*He seldom spends his spare time(in)stu
3、dying.他空余时间很少学习。二、并列句中的省略1.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。*His advice made me happy,but(his advice made)Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。2.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。*Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽在写作业。三、复合句中的省略1.宾语从句中的省略。(1)由which,when,where,how和w
4、hy等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中,若有与前面主句重复的内容,则可将重复内容省略,而只保留特殊疑问词。*You have solved the problem.Can you tell me how(you solved the problem)?你已经把问题解决了。你能告诉我你怎样解决的吗？(2)在宾语从句中常省略连词that,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可省略。*The manager explained(that)the task was difficult and that the weather was bad.经理解释说任务艰巨而且天气糟糕。(
5、3)在由suggest,request,order,advise等词引导的名词性从句中,谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式,即“should动词原形”,should可以省略。*I suggest that we(should)go out to eat.我提议我们出去吃吧。(4)在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句时,后面常用省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实,no表示不赞同前述的事实。*Do you think our team will win?你认为我们队会赢吗？I think so.(I think our team will win.)我
6、认为是这样。*Is it going to rain this afternoon?今天下午会下雨吗？I hope not.(=I hope it is not going to rain this afternoon.)我希望不会下雨。2.定语从句中的省略。(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。*This is one of the experiences(that)Ill never forget.这是我难忘的经历之一。(2)修饰way的关系词可以省略。*Please tell me the way
7、(that/in which)you did the job.请告诉我你做这份工作的方式。(3)在以the same.as和such as引导的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同的部分。*I dont like such books as this(is).我不喜欢这种书。3.状语从句中的省略。(1)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中省略从句主语及谓语动词中的be。【名师点津】状语从句的省略须符合两个条件:(1)从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it。(2)从句中的谓语动词中包含系动词be。*Look out for cars when(you are)crossing the s
8、treet.当你穿越街道时要注意车辆。(时间状语从句)*Please make a mark where(it is)necessary.请在必要的地方做个标记。(地点状语从句)*If(it is)necessary Ill have the paper copied.如果必要我可以请人把这篇论文复印一下。(条件状语从句)(2)比较状语从句中的省略。在这类状语从句中,常有一些成分被省略,如than或as后面的部分可省略,省略的情况也比较复杂。*Tom plays football as well as,if not better than,Jack.Tom plays football as
9、well as Jack does,if he doesnt play better than Jack does.如果说汤姆踢足球不比杰克更好的话,也至少和他踢得一样好。四、动词不定式中的省略1.通常为了避免重复,在联系密切的语境中,作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留不定式符号to。常见的动词有like,love,hope,wish,expect,refuse,mean,try,forget,prefer等。*Will you go with me?你愿意跟我去吗？Well,Id like to(go with you).哦,我愿意去。2.两个或两个以上的不定式并列,第一个带to,后面的省略t
10、o。但是当两个不定式表示对比关系时,第二个to也不能省略。*My work is to look after the children and(to)teach them English.我的工作是照看这些孩子和教他们英语。*To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter.(to不能省略)支持还是反对这项计划都无关紧要。3.感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to。(注:help后to可带可不带)*I saw Jack cheat in the exam.我看到杰克在考试中作弊了。*No one can help
11、 him(to)solve the problem.没人能帮助他解决这个问题。4.介词but,except(除了)前有do的具体形式时,后面的不定式要省略to。*All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。五、与特殊疑问句相关的省略1.特殊疑问句的回答形式有两种,一种是部分回答(即省略结构),一种是完全回答。*What do you suggest?你有什么建议？(I suggest)Going fishing on Sunday.(我建议)周日去钓鱼。2.由固定词组引导的疑问句。so what?what if.*What i
12、f it rains?倘若下雨怎么办？1.Whats the matter with Della?Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still _.A.hopes to B.hopes soC.hopes not D.hopes forA通过对前面高考题的分析,同学们掌握基本的做题思路了吗？试着做做下面的题目吧！2.Goodbye,John.Come back again sometime.Sure._.A.I did B.I do C.I shall D.I willD3.When _ for his
13、views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A.asking B.askedC.having asked D.to be askedB4.(Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.A.neither wont Tom B.Tom wont eitherC.Tom will too D.so will Tom B5.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,_accompanied by an adult.A.once B.when C.if D.unlessDThank you
