1、Unit13 单元语法知识归纳汇总Grammar FocusPay attention to the sentences.1) Were trying to save the earth.2) The river used to be so clean.3) The air is badly polluted.4) No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5) We should help save the sharks.1. 现在进行时: Present Progressive定义：表示说话时（
2、瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构: be (am/is/ are) + v.-ing标志词：Look, Listen, now, right nowe.g. Look! The boy is crying.2. used to do与be used to doingused to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事。e.g. I used to get up at six oclock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee e
3、very morning.3. 被动语态：Passive voice定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。结构：be + 过去分词e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.4. 现在完成时: Present Perfect定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。 结构: has/have + 过去分词标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, fore.g. I hav
4、ent finished my homework yet.5. 情态动词1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。 e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bic
5、ycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous. 中考英语复习必备：动词的语态动词的语态1. 语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动) English is taught in our school .(被动)2. 被动语态：助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词(be +p.p.)，be有人称、时态和数的
6、变化。见下表：时态 谓语动词的形式例子一般现在时 Am / is / are + 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the factory .一般过去时 Was / were +动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .一般将来时 Shall / will + be +动词过去分词 The film will be shown again .现在进行时 Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词 The walls are being painted .过去进行时 Was / were +being动词过去分词
7、 The tickets were being well sold then .现在完成时 Has / have + been + 动词过去分词 A new road has been built here .时态 谓语动词的形式例子过去完成时 Had + been +动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came back .含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .3. 被动语态中值得注意的问题：1）带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾
8、语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .2）英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .3）在英语中有时be + V-e
9、d结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .4）在主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语的结构中，要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.5） 宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh.6）如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was loo
10、ked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .7）下列情况不能用被动语态：A. 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday.B. 连系动词： The girl looks like her sister.C. 宾语为反身代词：He always dresses himself neatly.D. 宾语为相互代词：The students often
11、help each other.E. 同源宾语：At that time, they lived a happy life.F. 表示状态的及物动词：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan. 中考英语情态动词用法总结【情态动词知识梳理】情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim f
12、ast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时cant译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城
13、呢。【例题】I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No. She _be there, I have just been there.【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“不可能”，cant表示推测答案2. could的用法：（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me
14、a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。【例题】_ I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are. A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做可以吗”。答案：A (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用
15、于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢. (3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时,可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法： (1).must表示主观看
16、法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？（2）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework? 我现在必须完成作业吗？No, you neednt. (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。
