1、2021高考英语核心词汇精析+阅读练习（二）一：词汇精析1.afford v.to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.买得起（有时间）能做；if you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it could cause serious problems for you 承担 得起（后果）；to provide someone with something 提供，给予【常用搭配】afford to do sth.有（时间、经济等）条件做某
2、事afford sb. sth.给予某人某物【拓展】affordable adj.负担得起的【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分1.It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price. 2.TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume （音量）and n
3、ow its better and more affordable than ever!3.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures. Key: 1.买得起 2负担得起的 3提供2.allow v. to let someone do something, or let something happen 允许, 准许； to let someone have something 给予； t
4、o let someone / something go into, through, out of, etc a place 允许（进入、通过、 走 出）；to make it possible for something to happen or for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful 使可能【常用搭配】allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事【拓展】allow for考虑到，估计到，把. 计算在内allow of容许；使有可能【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分1But durin
5、g the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. 2Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time. 3Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps a
6、nd wireless routers. Key: 1.使可能 2.允许 3.允许3.appear v. to give the impression of being or doing something 看来，似乎；to start to be seen 出现， 显现；to begin to exist 起源,出现;to be published or broadcast 刊登,广播；to take part in a film, play, television programme, etc. 演出【常用搭配】appear to be sth.似乎是It appears （that）.
7、看来 【拓展】disappear v.消失，不见appearance n.外貌，外观；出现，起源；演出；（尤指突然的）到来；出版，广播【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分口1And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too 2. these instincts （本能）appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.3 .sh
8、e must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. 4. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again 5 The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.Key: 1出现 2显现 3消失 4看来5外观二：阅读练习 Consider h
9、ow difficult the idea of a patent was to a woman in the early 19th century. As daughters, their property belonged to their father; as wives, their property belonged to their husband. In a land where women could neither own goods nor enter into contracts with suppliers, it seemed impossible for women
10、 to apply for a patent.But a woman in Connecticut named Mary Dixon Kies had an idea worth patenting. It came to her during a time of fashion emergence in the United States. In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson decided to ban the import of British goods. In the end, the official freeze in trade proved
11、 to be a disaster, causing exports to drop sharply. Just 15 months of the ban forced the American fashion industry to turn inward. Now that New England couldnt ship goods, it had to make them instead. Kies wasnt the first woman to improve hat making at that time. A young girl named Besty Metcalf, wh
12、o saw a straw hat in a store window that she couldnt afford, went home and came up with a different technique to make her own. I hat idea turned New England into a hotbed of straw hat making.Though Metcalt never patented her straw hat-making technique, when Kies came up with her idea she did. Her ow
13、n method was to weave silk or thread into the straw, creating a pleasing appearance. One took advantage of a relatively new law, the 1790 Patent Act, which allowed all persons ask for protection of their original methods and designs, and got the first patent ever awarded to a woman on May 15, 1809.K
14、ies method took off and fueled the growing straw hat industry. When Lames Madison President that year, he sighed Kies patent and First lady Dolley Madison apparently was so taken with Kies creation that she wrote to her and congratulated her on helping women in the industry.1What is the first paragr
15、aph mainly about?AContract law.BPatent application.CWomens status in the early 19th century.DFamily conflicts in the early 19th century.2What did American fashion industry have to do around 1808?AExport raw materials.BFind financial support.CImprove its export trade.DProduce its own clothing.3What w
16、as the advantage of Kies hats over Metcalfs?AThey were more beautiful.BThey were more eco-friendly.CThey were much lighter.DThey were much cheaper.4What was First Lady Dolley Madisons attitude towards Kies creation?ADoubtful.BAdmiring.CDisapproving.DUninterested.【答案】CDAB【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女性拥有申请专利权的由来
17、。1主旨大意题。由第一段“Consider how difficult the idea of a patent was to a woman in the early 19th century. As daughters, their property belonged to their father; as wives, their property belonged to their husband. In a land where women could neither own goods nor enter into contracts with suppliers, it seem
18、ed impossible for women to apply for a patent.”（想想看，在19世纪早期，专利权的概念对一个女人来说是多么的困难。作为女儿，他们的财产属于父亲；作为妻子，他们的财产属于丈夫。在一个妇女既不能拥有商品也不能与供应商签订合同的土地上，妇女似乎不可能申请专利。），可知在19世纪早期女性地位很低，无法拥有自己的所属物，所以第一段主要讲19世纪初妇女的地位。故选C项。2细节理解题。由第二段中的“In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson decided to ban the import of British goods.”（18
19、07年，托马斯杰斐逊总统决定禁止进口英国商品。）和第三段中的“Just 15 months of the ban forced the American fashion industry to turn inward. Now that New England couldnt ship goods, it had to make them instead.”（仅仅15个月的禁令就迫使美国时装业转向内向。既然新英格兰不能运输货物过来，美国只能制造货物。），可知在1808年前后，美国时装业生产自己的衣服。故选D项。3细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Though Metcalt never paten
20、ted her straw hat-making technique, when Kies came up with her idea she did. Her own method was to weave silk or thread into the straw, creating a pleasing appearance.”（虽然Metcalt从未申请过草帽制作技术的专利，但当Kies想出她的主意时，Kies做到了。Kies自己的方法是把丝或线织进稻草里，创造出一种令人愉悦的感觉外表。），可知Kies的帽子比Metcalt的帽子更漂亮。故选A项。4推理判断题。由最后一段中的“When
21、 Lames Madison President that year, he sighed Kies patent and First lady Dolley Madison apparently was so taken with Kies creation that she wrote to her and congratulated her on helping women in the industry.”（当年当Lames Madison是总统时，他感叹Kies的专利，而第一夫人Dolley Madison显然对Kies的发明非常着迷，于是写信给她，祝贺她帮助了这个行业的女性。），可推断出第一夫人Dolley Madison很欣赏Kies的创作。故选B项。
