1、Unit 3Section .阅读理解ARunning seems easy enough: Just grab a pair of sneakers and put one foot in front of the other, right? Well, anyone who struggled to get through a mile knows its not quite that simple.Weve asked experienced runners to tell us something wrong they did when they started running.The
2、 following are some of their answers.I got excited and signed up for a halfmarathon with a few more experienced runner friends, but I wasnt adequately prepared and didnt train efficiently.I ended up with blisters (水泡) on my feet.I couldnt wear shoes for two days!Cali LaveyI have always been athletic
3、 and I have never been badly injured, but one day I felt a slight pain in my knee.I ignored it for a month until I realized I was having a hard time putting weight on my right leg.I finally went to a doctor.It took four months of weekly physical therapy (治疗) to heal.I shouldnt have done that.ArnoldM
4、y biggest mistake was treating running like soccer practice: If I wasnt exhausted by the end of practice, I felt as though I didnt work hard enough.I run all of my runs at 80 percent effort, or the equivalent of what I now call tempo runs (节奏跑)I wasnt warming up to the pace or cooling down effective
5、ly.KateI decided to go out for a run during the hottest part of the day.At the time, I told myself that it would be refreshing to sweat a little, but I didnt bring adequate water.I returned feeling completely rundown, dehydrated (脱水的), and exhausted.If you must go out on a run during unfavorable wea
6、ther, wear proper suits and bring enough water to keep you feeling strong.Sarah文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。很多人认为跑步是一件非常容易的事情，实际情况并非如此，跑步不当会造成伤害。文章列举了四个例子来证明跑步并不像人们认为的那么简单。1Why did Cali suffer from her halfmarathon？_B_AShe ran all the way barefoot.BShe didnt get ready for it.CShe ran with experienced runners.DShe
7、did not have selfconfidence.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“.I wasnt adequately prepared and didnt train efficiently.I ended up with blisters(水泡) on my feet.I couldnt wear shoes for two days！”可知，Cali并没有为半程马拉松做好准备，最后脚上都是水泡。故B项正确。2What did Arnold regret doing？_D_AThinking he would never get injured.BPutting heavy weig
8、ht on his right leg.CSpending about four month s treating his knee.DWaiting for so long to get his knee examined.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“I have always been athletic and I have never been badly injured, but one day I felt a slight pain in my knee.I ignored it for a month until I realized I was having a har
9、d time putting weight on my right leg.”可知，Arnold很后悔没有早点去检查受伤的膝盖，最后经过四周的治疗才恢复。故D项正确。3Who didnt get enough water when running？_D_ACali. BArnold. CKate. DSarah.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“At the time, I told myself that it would be refreshing to sweat a little, but I didnt bring adequate water.”可知，Sarah在跑步的时候没有
10、带足够的水分，导致最终缺水。故D项正确。4The examples of the four runners mainly show that_C_.Awe should warm up before runningBwe should bring enough water when runningCwe shouldnt think running is very easyDwe shouldnt ignore any pain when running解析：推理判断题。根据文章前两句“Running seems easy enough: Just grab a pair of sneaker
11、s and put one foot in front of the other, right? Well, anyone who struggled to get through a mile knows its not quite that simple.”可知，很多人认为跑步是一件非常容易的事情，实际情况并非如此。文章列举了四个例子来证明跑步并不像人们认为的那么简单。故C项正确。B(2020新高考山东卷)According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumptio
12、n habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,
13、 the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her
14、 food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they n
15、ormally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took
16、significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence.
17、If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?文章大意：本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。5What is the recent study
18、 mainly about？_D_AFood safety.BMovie viewership.CConsumer demand.DEating behavior.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物
19、摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。6What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？_D_ABig eaters.BOverweight persons.CPicky eaters.DTall thin persons.解析：词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)”可知，现有的研究认为：
20、你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people(超重的人)相反，结合选项，D选项(瘦瘦高高的人)和heavier people正好相反。故选D。7Why did the researchers hire the actor？_A_ATo see how she would affect the participants.BTo test if the participants could recognize her.CTo fin
21、d out what she would do in the two tests.DTo study why she could keep her weight down.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参
22、与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响参与者的。故选A。8On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph？_C_AHow hungry we are.BHow slim we want to be.CHow we perceive others.DHow we feel about the food.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold
23、 back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法(即：如何看待他人)来调整影响的。故选C。.七选五In these times of tough
24、competition and the tight economy environment，most of us are looking for ways to reduce stress, both at home and the workplace.You can effectively reduce stress by taking control of the situation, and by following some of the following tips._1.B_There are several ways in which stress shows itself in
25、 our lives._2.F_Physical symptoms of excessive (过多的) stress include stomach upsets, headaches, and insomnia.Mental and emotional side effects commonly mean loss of memory, mood swings, and depression.Manage your time effectively.Leave for work a few minutes ahead of schedule.This will keep you calm
26、in case of delays, and you can spend a few extra minutes getting ready for the day._3.A_Try to finish the more important tasks early, so that you can relax through the rest of the day.Take regular breaks.Avoid burying yourself in work all day._4.G_Avoid caffeine, as it stimulates you and contributes
27、 to increase in stress levels.If you are short of time, try to shut your eyes and meditate (冥想) for a couple of minutes.Enjoy your time away from work.When you are not working, join in recreational activities that work greatly for stress relief (减轻)_5.E_Sharing humor and outings with friends in your
28、 free time can make your day much more pleasant.Try to take vacations or go on short trips to new places.ASchedule your work well.BRecognize the signs of stress.CLearn to live with stress happily in life.DMany people feel it difficult to get rid of stress.EEnjoy your free time with your family and f
29、riends.FLook for some of the commonest signs of stress.GTry to take short breaks every couple of hours, if you can.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。作者给我们提供了四个减轻压力的方法。解析：1空处是该段的标题，而该段的主要内容是辨认出当你有压力时所表现出的症状。故选B。2根据空后介绍的常见的压力症状可知，此处是指寻找一些最常见的压力症状。3本段的标题是“有效地管理你的时间。”，而且空后一句表示“尽力早点完成较重要的工作，这样在这一天剩下的时间你就轻松了。”，由此推知空处是“安排好你的工
30、作。”4G项与本段的标题“要有规律地进行休息。”相吻合，而且与空前一句衔接紧密，是对前一句的补充说明。5E项中的“Enjoy your free time”与标题中的“Enjoy your time”相吻合。.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Being overweight can cause depression even when no other health problems exist, according to a study released Tuesday by the University of Exeter.A team_1.led_
31、(lead) by researchers from the University of Exeter analyzed UK Biobank data from more_2.than_48,000 people with depression and_pared_(compare) them to another group of more than 290,000 people.While_4.it_has long been known that depression is more common in obese people, the team concluded_5.that_h
32、igher body mass index (体重指数) can cause depression in itself，even in the absence_6.of_other health problems.Our genetic analysis concludes that the psychological impact of being obese is likely_7.to cause_(cause) depression.This is important to help reduce depression，_8.which_makes it much harder for
33、 people to adopt_9.healthy_(health) lifestyle habits, said Dr Jess Tyrrell.The team tested their results on many people and they reached_10.the_same conclusion, verifying their results.文章大意：研究发现，超重能造成抑郁。解析：1考查非谓语动词。此处意为“由研究员们所带领的团队”，过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词。2考查固定结构。more than超过，多于。3考查动词时态。空前是and，此处与谓语动词analy
34、zed为并列关系，故该谓语动词用一般过去时态，表示过去发生的动作。4考查it的用法。It has long been known that.“人们很早就知道”，为常用句型，it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。5考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知concluded后为宾语从句，从句结构完整，故由that引导从句。此处意为“这个团队推断出较高的体重指数本身可能会导致抑郁”。6考查介词。in the absence of是固定结构，意为“在没有/缺少.的情况下”，故填介词of。7考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。8考查定语从句。先行词为depression，设空处在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词 which。9考查形容词。空后是lifestyle habits，为名词短语，需要形容词修饰，故填healthy。10考查冠词。空后是same，此词要搭配定冠词the，the same意为“相同的”，为固定结构。
