1、2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（六）一：词组梳理1 经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy2 人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长theremarkable improvement/ steady growth of peoplesliving standard3 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4 （be） aware of （=be conscious of ， having knowledge or consciousness）意识到，知道。5 at the back of （=behind） 在
2、后面6 in the back of 在后部（里面）； on the back of 在后部（外面）； be on ones back（=be ill in bed） 卧病不起。7 at ones back（=supporting or favoring sb） 支持，维护； have sb at one s back 有支持， 有作后台8 turn ones back on sb （=turn away from sb in an impolite way） 不理睬（某人），背弃，抛弃9 behind ones back 背着某人（说坏话）10 be based on upon 基于11 o
3、n the basis of 根据， 在基础上12 beatat 在运动项目上打赢13 begin with 以开始。 to begin with （=first of all） 首先， 第一（经常用于开始语）14 on behalf of （=as the representative of） 以名义15 believe in（=have faith or trust in； consider sthsb to be true） 相信，依赖，信仰。16 benefit （from） 受益，得到好处。17 for the benefit of 为了的利益（好处）18 for the bette
4、r 好转19 面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges20 人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that21 社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development22 引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention23 不可否认 It is undeniable that/ There is no denying that24 热烈的讨论/ 争论
5、a heated discussion/ debate25 有争议性的问题a controversial issue26 on the average （=on average， on an average） 平均27 get the better of （=defeat sb） 打败， 胜过。28 by birth 在出生上，论出身，按血统 at birth 在出生时； give birth to 出生29 blame sb for sth 因责备某人 blame sth on sb 把推在某人身上30 in blossom开花（指树木） be in blossom开花（强调状态） come
6、 into blossom开花（强调动作）31 on board 到船上， 在船上， 上火车或飞机32 boast of （or about） 吹嘘33 out of breath 喘不过气来34 in brief（=in as few words as possible）简言之35 in bulk 成批地，不散装的36 take the floor 起立发言二：习题训练（A）Many of us live with a roommate at some stage Sometimes， there can be problemsWho hasnt had an argument about
7、whose turn it is to take out the rubbish or who should be the one to clear up after dinner？1You know that theres always someone else around， which can help you feel safer There is always someone to talk to， so you never feel lonely Besides these obvious benefits， there are some you may not notice2To
8、 examine the effect of living alone，Australian university researchers did much research and found that people living alone tended to eat less fresh food， which can have a significant negative effect on long-term health However， those living with others generally benefited from a more varied diet com
9、pared to those living alone3The researchers believe the social and cultural roles played by cooking， food preparation and eating may be important considerations For example， those living with friends have someone else to go shopping with， and thus are likely to buy high-quality fresh food regularly4
10、If people living alone find they do not have the knowledge required to prepare a particular dish or cook a certain food， they may fall back on ready-made， less healthy food However， if they live with at least one other person， they may be able to ask for helpIn addition， people living alone can eat
11、whatever they want at any time of the day or night However， its helpful to have someone around who questions your decision to eat frozen pizza at 3am5So， if you now live alone and find yourself fighting a losing battle against poor eating habits， why not consider sharing a home with someone else？ Yo
12、u could encourage one another on to greater health and well-beingACooking skills may be another factorBIn other words， roommates can draw your attention to unhealthy routinesCLiving with a roommate could be a good thing because a roommate can share your expenses and contribute to your homes maintena
13、nceDFor example， were actually more likely to eat healthier food when living with othersE. What could explain these findings？F. Its hard to find someone who doesnt grate on your nerves， has a similar cleanliness level as you and goes to bed at the same timeG. However， living with another person also
14、 comes with many benefits（B）Jim found himself exhausted during a trip. When he came home, he went to see a doctor. “The reason why I was fatigued (精疲力竭),” Jim says, “was that my kidneys were gone.”Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis (透析) three times a week. A person of hi
15、s age on dialysis usually lives only about four years. Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.Jims wife, nephew and four family friends offered but werent a match.
16、Jim was so discouraged that he was even considering not attending a reunion of some Air Force buddies (铁哥们). But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadnt seen for nearly 50 years: Doug Coffman. The two had met. When they both were learning Vietnamese befor
17、e they went overseas.Doug, then 70, felt a strong bond with his band of brothers, even though he hadnt seen some of them for decades. Their connection went beyond the battlefield in ways most, soldiers never experience.Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like i
18、t was a time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim. Fortunately, series of testing revealed not only that Dougs tissue type matched Jims but also that he had the kidneys of a 35-year-old.The transplant was a success. “Its pretty miraculous to be able to take an organ out of one pe
19、rsons bodya living organput it in another persons body, and have it work.” Doug says. “And theres nothing finer than knowing Ive helped another person live a better life.”1From paragraph 2 we know that kidney transplant is _.AexpensiveBdangerousCa matter of luckDan unwise choice2How old was Jim when
20、 he went overseas?AAbout 17.BAbout 19.CAbout 22.DAbout 25.3What can we infer from Dougs words in the last paragraph?ADoug is happy to donate a kidney to Jim.BJim is having a better life than Doug.CThe kidney transplant was very successful.DModern medical science is very advanced.4What is the authors
21、 purpose in writing the passage?ATo share his good luck.BTo tell us to pay it forward.CTo introduce a kidney transplant.DTo encourage us to make friends.答案及解析A【答案】GDEAB【解析】本文为应用说明文。本文主要介绍为什么与他人合住有利于改善你的日常饮食。1考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本句是第一段与第二段的承上启下句。第一段说与人合住会出现问题，第二段叙述是与他人合住的好处就是让你感觉更安全等许多好处，可知这是合住的好处。由此可判断
22、出上下文是转折关系，由此可知G项（然而，和另一个人一起生活也会带来很多好处）符合题意，故选G。2考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空所在的第二段是叙述与他人合住的好处，而且是你没有注意到的，下面会再举一个你没有注意到的好处，例如，我们与他人一起生活时，实际上更有可能吃更健康的食物。因此D项就符合题意，故选D。3考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。上一段说“为了研究独居的影响，研究者研究后发现独居的人吃不健康的食品。接着下一段说研究人员相信烹饪、食物准备和饮食所扮演的社会和文化角色可能是重要的考虑因素。由此可知，这是对上一段研究发现的解释，分析选项可知E项（什么能解释这些发现？）符合题意，故选E
23、项。4考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空后的内容可知，本段说的是独居的人可能吃不健康的食品与烹饪知识有关,因为没有这方面的知识，所以就没有烹饪技巧，不会做饭。分析选项可知A项（烹饪技巧可能是另一个因素）符合题意。故选A。5考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据转折连词however可知前后两句意思是相反的。本空前的内容“然而，身边有人质疑你在凌晨3点吃冷冻披萨的决定对你是有帮助的。”那么下一句自然是说，合住的人对你也有不好的影响。分析选项可知B项（换句话说，室友可以把你的注意力放在不健康的套路上）正是与空前的意思相反，因此选项B符合题意。B【答案】CBAB【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Ji
24、m多年不见的老朋友Doug为其捐肾的感人故事。1推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplants are long-shot alternative.”和最后一句“The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有13人在等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结
25、合选项可知，选项C正确。2细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis (透析) three times a week.”和第三段的第三句“But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadnt seen for nearly 50 years: Doug Coffman.”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他
26、的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：Doug Coffman。由此可知， Jim出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。3推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“And theres nothing finer than knowing Ive helped another person live a better life.”可知，“并且，没有比我知道我帮忙了其他人过上了更好的生活更好的事情了。”由此可见，能为Jim捐肾，Doug感到很高兴。结合选项可知，选项A正确。4推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim”可知，Doug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
