1、2021高考英语短文故事精读与语法填空训练（十二）一：语法填空训练The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened ( society) policies. Sweden has evolved excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it
2、 has been (adopt) in other countries too. The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the (believe) that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish
3、 Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is Justiteombudsman, but the Swedes
4、commonly refer to him as the J. O. or Ombudsman. The Ombudsman is not subject to political ( press). He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1, 200 letters a year. He has eight
5、 lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsmans work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizens complaint is (justify), the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes (vary) according to th
6、e nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a (type) example of the Ombudsmans work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, si
7、mply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman ( immediate) wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigners complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was ( possi
8、ble)for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar ( complain) from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt ( rough) with foreigners on several occasions. The f
9、act the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by (send)one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further com
10、plaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsmans prompt action at once put an end an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. 二：词句短语长难句释义The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an exce
11、llent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too. The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or
12、tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is su
13、itably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is Justiteombudsman, but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the J. O. or Ombudsman. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him
14、from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1, 200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsmans work, for his correspondence is ope
15、n to public inspection. If a citizens complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of
16、 the Ombudsmans work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was no
17、thing in the record to show that the foreigners complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawy
18、ers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by
19、sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsmans prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone u
20、nnoticed.1：将标记的词汇短语释义1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 2：长难句分析释义 三：文意梳理斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行的开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了
21、一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典议会就建立了一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般都管他叫“JO”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1，200封信。他有8位律帅做他
22、的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特派员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地的警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似
23、的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。四：语法填空练习The novel coronavirus diseases(COVID -19) hit Wuhan,China,in early 2020,with the number of infected people 1 (rise) rapidl
24、y across the country.The viral disease that swept into most countries around 2 globe and killed thousands of people was officially characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization,on 11 March,2020.COVID -19,3 was reported,is genetically similar 4the known bat coronaviruses.Wild animals s
25、old for food were 5 (original) suspected to be the intermediary hosts of COVID -19 because in China many of the first individuals 6 (find) infected by the virus were workers at Huanan Seafood Market.The outbreak promoted a ban on the trade and 7 (consume) of wild animals in China.The Chinese governm
26、ent and people demonstrated their responsibility with8 (practice) actions.A strict national prevention and control program was swiftly put in place.Two specialized hospitals were built in less than 15 days.9 (guarantee) that no family in need was left unattended to,community workers left no stone un
27、turned in checking on every block.In those toughest days,donations in cash and kind 10 (make) to help battle the disease.Thanks to the joint efforts,everything is getting better and better.1.rising考查非谓语动词。句意:2020年初,新型冠状病毒袭击中国武汉,全国感染人数迅速上升。此处是with的独立主格结构作状语,即with+宾语+宾语补足语。其中,the number of infected pe
28、ople和rise之间是主动关系,故使用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。2.the考查冠词。句意:2020年3月11日,世界卫生组织正式将席卷全球大多数国家并导致数千人死亡的病毒性疾病定义为流行性疾病。此处用定冠词the表示特指。3.as考查非限制性定语从句。句意:据报道,COVID -19在基因上与已知的蝙蝠冠状病毒相似。as was reported“正如所报道的”。此处as是关系代词,意思是“正如”,引导非限制性定语从句。4.to考查介词。be similar to“与相似”,to是介词。5.originally考查副词。句意:最初,人们怀疑作为食物出售的野生动物是新型冠状病毒的中间宿主,
29、因为许多第一批被发现感染该病毒的人是华南海鲜市场的工作人员。此处suspected是动词,故用副词originally修饰。6.found考查非谓语动词。此处individuals和find之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。7.consumption考查名词。句意:这次爆发促使中国禁止野生动物贸易和消费。分析句子结构可知,这里用consume的名词形式与名词trade并列。consume的名词形式是consumption。8.practical考查形容词。句意:中国政府和人民以实际行动证明了他们的责任。actions是名词,用形容词修饰,practice是名词,其形容词形式是practical。9.To guarantee考查非谓语动词。句意:为了保证每一个需要帮助的家庭都有人照料,社区工作人员想尽一切办法对每一个街区进行检查。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填To guarantee。注意to的第一个字母要大写。10.were made考查时态和语态。句意:在那些最艰难的日子里,人们捐赠现金和实物来帮助抗击疫情。根据In those toughest days可知这里在指过去的事情,句子主语donations是复数形式,和make之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填were made。
