1、Section Discovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句(3)一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别【观察思考】The old man has a son,who is in the army.I still remember the days when I was in hospital and you looked after me very well.We walked down the village street,where villagers were having Market Day.【探究总结】(1)以上三个句子中,第一句和第三句是非限制性
2、定语从句,因为先行词a son、the village street后都有逗号。(2)第二句是关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句,先行词是the days。(3)第一句是who引导的非限制性定语从句,定语从句中缺少主语,指人,只能用who引导,因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句。【辨析】项目限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式定语从句前面一般不用逗号定语从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开意义是主句不可或缺的一部分,如果省去,主句意义不完整对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况,起补充说明作用,即使省去,主句意义仍完整引导词that、why可以引导限制性定语从句that、why不可以引导非限制性定语从
3、句【应用实践】单句语法填空。English is an important subject,every student should study well.She is the new student I want to introduce to you.Do you know the professor is speaking at the meeting?答案:whichthat/whomwho/that二、限制性定语从句中关系词的特殊用法定语从句中关系代词that/which可以充当主语和宾语(充当宾语时可省略),可以指物;而that/who在定语从句中可以充当主语和宾语,指人。不过在具
4、体的使用中我们应该注意以下几个问题。1.限制性定语从句中只能用that不能用which的情况【观察思考】All that is needed is a supply of oil.This is the last thing that I want to tell you.The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.Who is the person that
5、is standing at the gate?【探究总结】(1)当先行词是不定代词everything、anything、nothing、all、none、much、few、any、little等时,或当先行词被every、any、all、few等词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(2)先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(4)先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词一般用that。(5)当主句是以who或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,关系代词一般用that以避免重复。【应用实践
6、】单句语法填空。Finally,the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.Thats one of the most interesting books are sold in the bookshop.My necklace is not the only thing is missing.答案:thatthatthat2.限制性定语从句中常用which的情况【观察思考】The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.I dont take tha
7、t which is too expensive.【探究总结】(1)当关系代词前使用介词时,关系代词一般用which。(2)先行词为代词 that 或被that 所修饰时,或一个句子同时有两个定语从句,其中一个是由that引导时,另一个用which,以免重复。【应用实践】选词填空(that/which)。I cant remember the age at he won first prize.You can take any room you like.The ladder on I am standing was bought in the supermarket.He hides all
8、 the people and things he knows.答案:whichthatwhichthat三、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句【观察思考】Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club?This is the reason why/for which he gave up the chance.This is the company where/in which we worked last year.=This is the company which we worked in last year
9、.Whos the man whom you just shook hands with?=Whos the man with whom you just shook hands?The man(that/whom)you were talking about has come to our school.【探究总结】(1)关系副词(when、where、why)可以用“_+which”替换。其中 why=_+which。(2)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰物时用which而不用that,修饰人时用whom而不用who。(3)在定语从句中,当关系代词which作介词的宾语时,既可以把介
10、词放在which之前,也可以放在从句的末尾。当介词放在句子的末尾时,关系代词既可以用which也可以用that。介词for含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,如look after、take care of、look at等。如:Is this the watch which he was looking for?(不能说:Is this the watch for which he was looking?)【应用实践】单句语法填空。Luckily,wed brought a road map without we would have lost our way.He will never f
11、orget the day which he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time.The musicians whom we have great interest toured Europe with us.答案:whichonin四、容易混淆的关系代词和关系副词【观察思考】This is the factory where I want to work.This is the factory that/which I want to visit.Tell me the reason why you are late.Is
12、 this the reason that/which he told you?I dont like the way that/in which he spoke to his mother.【探究总结】(1)先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时,定语从句不一定要用关系副词。这要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分,若是用作状语则用关系词,若是用作主语、宾语等则要用关系词。(2)当先行词是the way 时,如果在定语从句中作状语,则该定语从句常用、引导或省略关系词。答案:(1)副;代(2)that;in which【应用实践】单句语法填空。The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.答案:that/whichwhere
