1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家单元主题语境人与自然之人与环境、人与动植物(2019高考北京卷)话题：气候变暖与海洋颜色变化词数：274难度：By the end of the century，if not sooner，the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.B
2、ecause of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it i
3、n other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.Bu
4、t phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science，bu
5、ilt a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3 ，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such
6、as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food w
7、eb.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean，Dutkiewicz said，“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，bu
8、t they could mean significant changes.“Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，”Dutkiewicz said，“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。调
9、查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。本语篇话题新颖，知识性强，旨在引导考生从生态文明的视角思考环境保护的意义和价值，共建绿色家园。42What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?AThe various patterns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton
10、.解析：段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。答案：B43What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive.BBeneficial.CSignificant.DUnnoticeable.解析：词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖
11、改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要养分。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。答案：A44What can we learn from the passage?APhytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate.DOceans wit
12、h more phytoplankton may appear greener.解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，所以A项“浮游植物在海洋生态中所起的作用越来越小”是不对的；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用来推断浮游植物的变化的，而是推断海洋的变化的，排除B项；浮游植物不是用来控制全球气候的，排除C项。由第四段中的“But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for
13、 phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.”可知，浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。答案：D45What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans.DTo introduce a new met
14、hod to study phytoplankton.解析：主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。答案：C一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1fuel vt.促进；加强2key adj.主要的3matter vi.重要，要紧4while n一段时间二、思维品质1阅读技巧词义猜测题的解题技巧常用的词义猜测技巧有：1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；2.根据同位关系进行猜测；3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测；4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。如第43题，由转折连词but及下一句可知，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特征，影响了
15、浮游生物的生长，因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长，而且需要养分，可知本句主要是说浮游生物对气候的变化很敏感。2分析长难句并翻译句子Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance.分析此句中while表对比，意为“然而，不过”；现在分词短语leading to changes in the oceans appearance在句中作结果状语。翻译气候变化
16、将在某些地区促进浮游植物的生长，而在其他地区则会减少浮游植物的生长，从而导致海洋外观的变化。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你对海洋及海洋生物有何认识？海洋是生命的摇篮，在海里生活着成千上万的海洋生物。它们不仅是维护地球生态系统的重要组成部分，而且为人们提供了大量的食物。随着全球人口的激增，陆地空间已经越来越少，因此对于海洋的探索和开发就显得尤为重要。授课提示：对应学生用书第209页NO.1单词在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1abandon the match 放弃比赛2urge him to stay劝他留下3flee to Britain逃到英国
17、4reflect the sunlight反射阳光5pause for a moment暂停一会儿6drag sb.out to a concert硬拖某人去听音乐会7dive into the water跳入水中8shoot at the target打靶9sit opposite each other彼此相对而坐10an annual report年度报告11a witness to the accident事件的目击者12a vivid description栩栩如生的描绘13a narrow circle of friends狭小的朋友圈14a shallow analysis 肤浅的
18、分析再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1Most people agree that there is a causeeffect relationship/relation between obesity and unhealthy eating.In other words，your health is related to what you eat.(relate)2The water conservation is so important that we must pay much attention to conserving our drinking water.(conserve
19、)3If you cant find any accommodation elsewhere，here is a room which can accommodate up to five people.(accommodation)4Excuse me.Could you lend me your new sharpener?My pencil isnt sharp at all，so I must sharpen it.(sharp)5Though the tomato soup is tasty，Ive lost my sense of taste and it tastes just
20、like tasteless water.(tasty)6The lake is over 10 meters deep.So we were all moved deeply by the man who dived into the depth to save the boy.(depth)7These white buildings are reflected in the river and their reflection is very beautiful.(reflect)8We havent found the missing boy in the abandoned fact
21、ory，but we wont abandon any clue and hope to find him.(abandon)9It is urged that we should finish the work in such a short and urgent time.(urge)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆anecdotemigrationconservationdimension telescope pensionflashlight boundary Antarcticsteep shore yelldive jog tidepure cell suckawe
22、some leap refundNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1(be) scared to death 吓死了2in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时3aim at great accuracy力求十分准确4ahead of the age在时代的前列5get close to nature接近自然6be about to win即将胜利7hold up your hands举起你的手8be/become aware of the problem意识到这个问题9help you out 帮你摆脱困境10put the chairs ups
23、ide down 把椅子放颠倒了词汇积累1后缀ship表“关系、状态或技能”friendship 友谊relationship 关系partnership 合伙 hardship 苦难citizenship 公民权利(或资格) membership 会员salesmanship 推销术 horsemanship 马术2含th词尾的名词depth 深度 width 宽度length 长度 truth 真理growth 成长 faith 信念death 死亡 warmth 温暖3“v.at”短语荟萃aim at瞄准point at指向arrive at到达laugh at嘲笑knock at敲(门
24、、窗等)call at 拜访某地stare at 凝视glare at怒目而视NO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1It was a time when.“曾经一度(那时)”那个时期，年轻男女们开始改变他们的父辈和祖父辈的一些传统。It was a time when young men and women began to change some of the traditions of their parents and grandparents.2be about to do sth.“正要做某事”我正要出去，这时突然下起雨来。I was about to go
25、out when it began to rain.3see .being done“看见正在被”(being done结构作宾语补足语)在暴雨中，我看到一座建筑物正被洪水冲走。In the storm，I saw a building being washed away by the flood.4where.there be.“在的地方，有”我们都知道，有梦想，就有希望。We all know that where there is a dream，there is hope.授课提示：对应学生用书第210页1witness vt. 当场见到；目击；见证 vi. 为作证(to) n. 目击
26、者；证人；证据写作佳句 The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.(2018高考北京卷)茶馆见证了我们所有人真正愉快的时光。归纳拓展 (1)a witness to sth.某事的证人/证据bear/give witness to sth.为作证；证明(2)witness sth./that.目击实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The witness who witnessed the accident promised to be a witness and gave witness to the victim.O
27、ur school has witnessed (witness) great changes in the last few years.能力提升句型转换She witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.She witnessed that she had seen the man enter the building.实战贴士 时间/地点名词witnesssth.表示“某时/某地目睹/见证了某事/是某事发生的时间/地点”。2urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动写作佳句 People not only c
28、ast online votes themselves，but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”人们不仅在网上给自己投票，而且也催促别人给像“最美教师”和“最可爱的宝宝”这样的比赛投票。归纳拓展 (1)urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事坚决要求/极力主张某人应该做某事(2)have/feel an urge to do sth.渴望做某事(3)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的；急迫的urgently adv.紧急地
29、urgency n紧急；催促 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空My mother always urges me to do (do) my homework as quick as possible.I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.It is strongly urged by students that the library (should)
30、 be kept (keep) open during the weekend.能力提升一句多译父母应该积极地督促孩子利用加入体育队的机会。Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(简单句)Parents should actively urge that their children should take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(复合句)3abando
31、n vt. 遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵 n放任；放纵写作佳句 We should abandon those bad habits that are harmful to our health，such as smoking and drinking.我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。归纳拓展 (1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth.沉湎/纵情于(做)某事abandon (doing) sth.放弃(做)某事(2)with abandon放纵地；放任地(3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的be abandoned to沉湎于 实
32、战演练基础练透单句语法填空I will never abandon reaching (reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.However，these plans were abandoned (abandon) because of financial problems.We saw abandoned(abandon) farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.能力提升补全句子Never abandon yoursel
33、f to sadness and hopelessness (沉浸于悲伤和绝望之中)Cheer up!4reflect vt. 映射；反射；反映；思考 vi. 思考写作佳句 Whats more，the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique culture of our school.(2019高考江苏卷)更重要的是，传统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。归纳拓展 (1)reflect on/upon sth.反省/认真思考某事(2)reflection n反射；反照；反映；映像；思考on reflection再三考虑实战演练基
34、础练透单句语法填空Usually a childs behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.Chinese cultural traditions are reflected(reflect) in various celebrations of the MidAutumn Festival.Reflecting (reflect) on her volunteer experience，Tina felt proud of what she managed to
35、 achieve together with her local colleagues.能力提升补全句子You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your success and failure (留出一些时间反思你的成功和失败)5help (.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助写作佳句 As he is my best friend，when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out.因为他是我最好的朋友，所以当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。归纳拓展 (1)help sb.wit
36、h/(to) do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事cant help but do sth.只得做某事；不得不做某事help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用)(2)with the help of sb.with ones help在某人的帮助下be of help tobe helpful to/for对有帮助 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空I would be happy to help you with your fashion change.We think this is the opportunity fo
37、r us youth to contribute to helping the victims out.I told the story to the class.As sad as it was，I couldnt help smiling (smile)能力提升一句多译希望这些建议对你有帮助。(2018高考全国卷)Hopefully，these suggestions would help you out.(help v)Hopefully，these suggestions would be helpful for/to you.(helpful)Hopefully，these sugg
38、estions would be of help to you.(help n)6be/become aware of 对知道、明白；意识到写作佳句 In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.总之，全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。归纳拓展 (1)be aware that.意识到/体会到(2)awareness n意识；认识；觉悟develop an awareness of逐渐懂得；培养的意识raise an awareness of
39、提高意识实战演练基础练透单句语法填空Learning English not only increases my awareness (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with Englishspeaking people and to make more new friends.In my opinion，its very important to develop an awareness of health now.As a member of society，Im aware that being r
40、esponsible is what it takes to make a better society.Some activities should be carried out to make people aware of the importance of donating blood.能力提升完成句子I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise peoples awareness of animal protection.我想为大熊猫代言，这样
41、我就能更多地了解如何保护它们，并提高人们对动物保护的意识。7where.there be. “在的地方，有”教材原句 The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。归纳拓展 (1)where.there be.意为“在的地方，有”，where引导地点状语从句。(2)where可以引导定语从句，修饰它前面的先行词。(3)where可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或
42、同位语。 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.Today，people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Where neighbours share experiences，there is renewed life and energy.能力提升一句多译一个新的体育馆在一年前还是草地的地方拔地而起。(2018高考全国卷)A new stadium has arisen where there
43、 was nothing but a grassland a year ago.(状语从句)A new stadium has arisen in the place where there was nothing but a grassland a year ago.(定语从句)授课提示：对应学生用书第212页教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(2020高考江苏卷)LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cell phones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a
44、 London phone box in 2016.vt.抛弃(2019高考北京卷)Armed with this knowledge，theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.adj.针对性的(2019高考天津卷)Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.vt.使缩小(2019高考浙江卷)Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed
45、into the woods.vt.对准2一词多义(2019高考江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind，reflecting mans intelligence and creativity.CA反射B思考C反映(2018高考天津卷)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，youll have no trouble answering these questions.BA锐利的B敏捷的C锋利的(2017高考天津卷)Perhaps one of the most important
46、 things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产)neat，clean，and in good repair.BA好的B整洁的C匀称的.语言运用高频点1语法填空(2020高考全国卷)There are three books I reread annually (annual)(2020新高考全国卷)However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing (witness) their mother earn her degree.(2
47、019高考全国卷)“I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.(2019高考全国卷)The purpose of the program is to sharpen (sharp) students communication skills.(2019高考全国卷)You also need to judge the quality and depth (deep) of your motivation.(2019高考全国卷)Jeff had hunted in Iowa before
48、 Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared (scare) the dog off.(2019高考全国卷)The newspapers of the new trend were targeted at common people.2完形填空(2020高考江苏卷)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the
49、events in our lives.AdependsBholdsCkeepsDreflects解析：句意：成功取决于我们对自己和生活中发生的事情的看法。depend on“依靠，取决于”；hold on“坚持，抓住”；keep on“继续”；reflect on“思考”。答案：A(2019高考天津卷)“Does Jennifer live here？” I heard a lady say.In my husbands hand was my wallet，with not a penny 20 .AmissingBreturnedCremainingDabandoned解析：根据语境可知
50、，钱包完好无损地回来了，故本处意为“一便士也没丢”。missing“丢失的”；returned“归还的”；remaining“剩余的”；abandoned“被遗弃的”。答案：A(2018高考北京卷)For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑)But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.
51、AhopeBaimCurgeDeffort解析：根据下文的greater以及“if.with little food and money”可知，应该选C项，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。答案：C.书面表达亮点练1(2019高考浙江卷)过分表扬孩子是不恰当的，但父母不能做相反的事。(opposite)It is not proper to praise children too much，but parents cant do the opposite.2(2018高考北京卷)我向他们生动而翔实地介绍了茶文化。
52、(vivid)I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture.3(福建卷)重要的不是故事本身，而是故事反映的内容。(reflect)It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.4(湖北卷)作为社会的一员，我意识到责任感是创造一个更好社会所需要的。(aware)As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes
53、to make a better society.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文近十年来很多海洋生物灭绝了，引起全世界的广泛关注。假定你是李华，请在环境保护日写一篇关于保护海洋的英文演讲稿。要点如下：海洋受到污染的现状；保护海洋的重要性。Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)众所周知，在海洋深处有各种资源。As we all know，there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean.过去的十年目睹了很多海洋生物的灭绝。The past decade has witnessed that ma
54、ny marine creatures have died out.海洋污染受到全球极大的关注。Marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world.我们应该使人们意识到保护海洋的重要性，因为保护海洋就是保护人类。We must make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean，because to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.政府应督促立即采取措施保持生态平衡。The government should urge immediate measures should be taken to keep the balance of nature.无论多么大的困难，我们绝不放弃保护海洋。No matter how great the difficulty is，we will never abandon protecting the ocean.Step 2升级平淡句利用倒装句式升级句No matter how great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean.- 37 - 版权所有高考资源网
