1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。题型综合练(九)(限时65分钟). 阅读理解AWere living in an era of loneliness. Its on the rise in the U. S. According to a recent survey, more than half of Americans qualify as loneliness. And yet, in public spaces, people rarely make eye co
2、ntact or strike up conversations. If this sounds like you, theres a good reason to kick your habit of having no company. You might be happier if you start talking to strangers. In a new paper, researchers tried to figure this out by studying people commuting(通勤) into Chicago on the train. Some commu
3、ters were given an assignment for commute: They were asked to either strike up a conversation with a stranger, actively avoid contact with other people, or do whatever happened naturally. Afterward, the commuters mailed the evaluations of their experience to the researchers. The researchers compared
4、 these responses to responses from a second group of commuters who were just asked to imagine striking up a conversation with a stranger, avoiding other people, or commuting normally. It turned out that commuters who chatted with strangers in real life had the most pleasurable commutesbut when commu
5、ters imagined this experience, they pictured it as uncomfortable and regarded it as the worst of the three commute approaches. The results show a severe misunderstanding of the psychological consequences of social relationship, Nicholas Epley & Juliana Schroeder write. This misunderstanding is espec
6、ially unfortunate given the average Americans longing for social connection and the fact that data suggests commuting is the worst part of most peoples day. You might think that we choose to be separate because our memories of past encounters with strangers tend to be negative, but that doesnt seem
7、to be the case. As part of the study, the researchers asked commuters to imagine a positive conversation, a negative conversation, and simply“a conversation” with a stranger. The commuters didnt imagine the last one as especially negative. The authors suggest that instead, we choose loneliness on ou
8、r commutes out of a fear of refusal. Study participants reported an interest in talking to strangers, but they didnt think it was reciprocated. They think the chance of successfully striking up a conversation as around 50-50. According to all the data the researchers gathered, however, an attempt at
9、 connection was basically guaranteed to succeed. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 越来越多的人会感到孤独, 很少在公共场合与他人交谈, 一项新的研究以芝加哥地铁上通勤的乘客为对象, 结果表明与陌生人聊天能够使通勤变得愉快, 我们之所以在通勤途中选择独处是因为害怕被拒绝, 害怕得不到回应, 而研究数据表明, 只要试图交流基本都能成功。1. How did the commuters present their experience to the researchers? A. By taking photos. B. By writing a jou
10、rnal. C. By shooting a short video. D. By mailing a questionnaire. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章第二段“the commuters mailed the evaluations of their experience to the researchers. ”可知通勤的乘客将一份评估他们体验的问卷调查寄给研究人员, 故答案为D项。2. According to the research, who will most enjoy their commutes? A. Those who talk with strangers
11、in reality. B. Those who have an interest in gossiping. C. Those who have an imaginary talk with others. D. Those who avoid making any social connections. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段“It turned out that commuters who chatted with strangers in real life had the most pleasurable commutes”结果证明那些在现实生活中与陌生人聊天的通勤乘
12、客的通勤最愉快, 故答案为A项。3. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “reciprocated” in the last paragraph? A. Ignored. B. Approved. C. Responded. D. Thought. 【解析】选C。词义推测题。从文章最后一段“They think the chance of successfully striking up a conversation as around 50-50. ” 他们认为成功聊天的概率是50%可知, 他们认为聊天不会
13、被回应, 故答案为C项。BNASA is asking people to help it label thousands of photos from Mars. The labels will be used to train a computer system to recognize different surfaces on Mars. This will help NASA drive its rovers (漫游车)safely for longer periods of time. Learning more about the makeup of the land on Ma
14、rs is very important for protecting NASAs rovers on the red planet. In 2009, a rover called Spirit got stuck in a sand trap on Mars and never managed to get out. NASAs Curiosity Rover has been on Mars for eight years. It has sent back hundreds of thousands of pictures, as well as information that ha
15、s helped scientists get a much better understanding of what Mars is really like. But Curiosity faces a problemits wheels are wearing out, and theres no chance of getting them replaced. To make the wheels last as long as possible, NASA needs to get even better at identifying different kinds of Mars g
16、round surfaces, so it can choose smooth paths for Curiosity. The space agency is asking ordinary people to help it label thousands of photos from Mars. The labels will be used to train an artificial intelligence computer program to identify different kinds of ground surfaces on Mars. NASA is working
17、 with Zooniverse, a website that allows scientists to get help from large groups of ordinary people. The two have set up a special site called AI4Mars. Visitors to the site are taught how to identify different kinds of ground on Mars. There are four different categories: sand, soil, large flat rocks
18、, and big rocks rising out of the ground. Then visitors are asked to draw outlines on pictures of Mars, and label the outlined areas. So far, the project is about 34% complete. Nearly 4, 000 volunteers have labeled around 140, 000 areas in photos of Mars. 【文章大意】美国宇航局要求人们帮助它标记数千张来自火星的照片。这些标签将用于训练计算机系
19、统来识别火星上的不同表面, 这将有助于美国宇航局的火星漫游车更安全、更持久地使用。4. What is intended to show by mentioning Spirit rover in Paragraph 2? A. Information about the ground surfaces on Mars. B. Importance of knowing about the surfaces on Mars. C. Dangers of NASAs rovers on Mars. D. Big losses of NASAs rovers on Mars. 【解析】选B。推理判
20、断题。文中第二段提到2009年一辆名为“精神”的火星漫游车被困在火星上的沙坑里, 再也没有成功走出, 目的就是要证明本段第一句话“Learning more about the makeup of the land on Mars is very important for protecting NASAs rovers on the red planet. ” 更多地了解火星上的陆地构成对于保护美国宇航局在火星上的漫游车非常重要。故选B。5. What can we infer about the project of labeling Mars from the last paragrap
21、h? A. It is easy. B. It is rewarding. C. It is time-consuming. D. It is demanding. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“So far, the project is about 34% complete. Nearly 4, 000 volunteers have labeled around 140, 000 areas in photos of Mars. ”可推断出, 这项工程是耗时的。故选C。6. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Ord
22、inary People Identify Ground Surfaces on MarsB. NASA is Working With ZooniverseC. Volunteers Are Labeling MarsD. NASA Wants Help in Labeling Mars【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据全文大意, 尤其首段第一句话“NASA is asking people to help it label thousands of photos from Mars”可知D选项适合作本文标题。【规律 方法】本文是新闻报道类的文章, 文章的第一段是文章的大意, 所以标题归纳题或文
23、章大意题, 要从首段找答案。CYouve put your keys somewhere and now they appear to be nowhere, certainly not in the basket by the door theyre supposed to go in and now youre 20 minutes late for work. Kitchen counter, night stand, book shelf, work bag: Wait, finally, there they are under the mail you brought in las
24、t night. Losing things is upsetting and yet we are forgetful. The average person misplaces up to nine items a day, and one-third of participants said they spend an average of 15 minutes each day searching for itemscellphones, keys and paperwork top the list, according to an online survey of 3, 000 p
25、eople published in 2012 by a British insurance company. Everyday forgetfulness isnt a sign of a more serious medical condition like Alzheimers. And while it can worsen with age, minor memory mistakes are normal for all ages, researchers say. Our genes are at least partially to blame, experts say. St
26、ress, fatigue, and multitasking can increase our tendency to make such errors. Such mistakes can also be linked to more serious conditions like depression. “Its the breakdown at the interface(临界区) of attention and memory, ” says Daniel L. Schacter, a psychology professor at Harvard University. That
27、breakdown can occur in two spots: when we fail to activate our memory and encode(编码) what were doingwhere we put down our keys or glassesor when we try to retrieve the memory. When you encode memory, the hippocampus(海马体), a central part of the brain involved in memory function, takes a photo which i
28、s preserved in a set of neurons(神经元), says Kenneth Norman, a psychology professor at Princeton University. Those neurons can be activated later with a reminder. Memory may be damaged by the buildup of disturbance from previous experiences so it becomes harder to remember the specifics, Dr. Schacter
29、says. This may help explain how we can forget where we parked the car when we park in the same lot but different spaces every day. The best way to remember where you put something may be the most obvious: Find a regular spot for it and somewhere that makes sense, experts say. If its reading glasses,
30、 leave them by the bedside. Charge your phone in the same place. Keep a container near the door for keys or a specific pocket in your purse. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 介绍了我们为什么总是忘记把东西放哪里了, 日常健忘在各个年龄层都很常见, 并非是阿尔茨海默病的先兆。健忘是注意力和记忆力临界区域出现故障的表现, 与基因、压力、疲劳等都有联系, 过去经历的干扰不断积累, 不利于记忆的形成, 因此也会使我们很难想起具体的事情。因此专家们表示, 想要记住把东
31、西放在哪里的最佳方式其实很简单: 为这件物品找个合乎情理的固定位置。7. What can we know about the everyday forgetfulness? A. It is a signal of Alzheimers. B. It is caused by our genes. C. It is common for people of all ages. D. It will become better as we grow older. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段And while it can worsen with age, minor memory m
32、istakes are normal for all ages, researchers say. 尽管它会随着年龄恶化, 但是轻微的记忆衰退对于各个年龄层都是正常的, 可知答案为C项。8. What prevents us from remembering specifics according to Dr. Schacter? A. Physical condition. B. Emotional intelligence. C. Repetitive behavior. D. Previous experiences. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段Memory may be da
33、maged by the buildup of disturbance from previous experiences so it becomes harder to remember the specifics, Dr. Schacter says. 沙克特表示, 源自过去经历的干扰不断积累, 这将不利于记忆的形成, 因此会很难想起具体的事情, 可知D项正确。9. Where are keys suggested to put? A. On the top of a bookshelf. B. In a box near the door. C. On the desk by the b
34、edside. D. In the pocket of your handbag. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段Keep a container near the door for keys or a specific pocket in your purse在门口附近放置一个装钥匙的容器或是将钥匙放在钱包里的一个特定口袋, 可知B项是正确答案。10. What is the best title for the text? A. The importance of memory researchB. The influences of negative feelingsC. The
35、 reasons for daily forgetfulnessD. The ways of keeping things in mind【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本篇文章从一个生活场景引出健忘, 一项调研表明健忘是很正常的, 接下来引用两位专家的观点介绍了导致健忘的原因, 故答案为C项。. 阅读填句A lot of athletes have potentially dangerous eating behaviors. They want to be the best at what they do, which requires them to be as fit as possible
36、. Due to this nature, too much exercise and restrictive eating are often viewed as acceptable in athletic training. They are too focused on controlling their sizes and weight. 1 2 Exercise addictions appear to be related to food disorders, overuse of caffeine, work addiction and shopping addiction.
37、Due to the nature of the addiction, exercise addiction co-occurs with eating disorder, which is extremely dangerous. There is also a challenge for professionals to treat both additions. Making sure they take care of both disorders is a challenge that professionals have to face while dealing with ath
38、letes from suffering this disorder. 3They are on top of athletes to make sure they are in shape and eating right in order to fit a certain body image. 4A lot of dancers rely on their body image to be light enough and small enough to do certain moves and carries. There are a lot of other sports that
39、body weight is a major contributor to performance. 5 There are sports that their performance is subjectively scored for their appearance, such as figure skating. Jockeying(马术) requires the athlete to be smaller in size due to the horse not being able to run as fast with someone heavier. A. Eating di
40、sorder is common among athletes. B. A sport that is high in eating disorders is dancers. C. There is a general population of 3% of exercise addiction. D. Some sports require athletes to eat much to be strong enough. E. Thus, eating disorders of these athletes are sometimes overlooked. F. Coaches als
41、o influence the chance of an athlete getting eating disorder. G. Weight lifting requires athletes to be classified into a specific weight class. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 运动员的饮食失调症状经常因为他们的职业特点而被忽视, 其实这是一个很严重的问题, 尤其当这种饮食失调与运动成瘾结合的时候。1. 【解析】选E。考查因果关系。他们太过专注于控制自己的体形和体重, 因此忽略了由此带来的饮食不调问题。2. 【解析】选C。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文中
42、的关键信息Exercise addictions可知, 本段主要讲述运动成瘾与饮食不调的关系。 故选C。3. 【解析】选F。考查顺承关系。根据句意, 下文中的主语They应该指coaches, 因为是教练掌控着运动员, 确保他们保持适当的体形和重量。故选F。 4. 【解析】选B。考查段首句。紧接着下句谈论的是舞蹈运动员情况, 后文中dancers为同词复现。故选B。5. 【解析】选G。考查例证关系。根据上文可知, 有些运动中体重有助于运动员的表现, 紧接着用举重运动作为例子, 合情合理。故选G。【知识拓展】长难句分析Making sure they take care of both diso
43、rders is a challenge that professionals have to face while dealing with athletes from suffering this disorder. 分析: Making sure they take care of both disorders为动名词短语作主语; that professionals have to face while dealing with athletes from suffering this disorder为定语从句, 修饰challenge; while dealing with ath
44、letes from suffering this disorder为定语从句中的状语从句。译文: 确保他们同时照顾好这两种疾病是专业人士在处理患有这两种疾病的运动员时必须面对的挑战。. 完形填空As I was getting in my car today after picking up more school supplies in preparation of my 24th year as a teacher, I saw a homeless man from a distance with a blanket covering him, walking along the si
45、dewalk. Immediately I1that he was barefoot and walked2. I wanted to3him some shoes from a store nearby, but there were no shoe4around. I was on a tight5having to pick my wife up from the doctors office soon for a medical6. I was not going to buy7and return in such a short time. Then I8I had socks in
46、 my last bag, the bag I keep in my9for those in need. I grabbed the10and walked up to him. “Hey, Brother, ” I11to him. “I am sorry. I dont have any shoes for you, but could you12these socks? ” He turned to me and13, “That would be great. ” He said “God bless you” as I14him the socks. I wished him th
47、e best and got back into my car. I15that the rest of the16of the bag might be of use as well; a bottle of water, jerky, sunflower seeds, etc. I17alongside the sidewalk. Cars were18behind me. I called to the man, “I got these cars behind me. Are you good if I just19the bag on the sidewalk? ” He nodde
48、d. “Take care, ” I yelled. As he pulled on the last sock, the man20to me “I love you! ”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者帮助一位无家可归的人的故事。1. A. concludedB. noticedC. condemnedD. decided【解析】选B。作者注意到他赤着脚, 小心谨慎地走着路。故选B。2. A. purposelyB. delightedly C. elegantlyD. cautiously【解析】选D。 purposely故意地; delightedly高兴地; elegantl
49、y优美地; cautiously小心地。因为光着脚, 所以走路才小心谨慎。故选D。3. A. buy B. make C. sellD. donate【解析】选A。根据I was not going to buy. 可知, 作者想在附近商店给他买鞋。故选A。4. A. factoriesB. officesC. companiesD. shops【解析】选D。根据a store nearby可知, 附近没有鞋店, shop为store的同义词。故选D。5. A. scheduleB. experience C. positionD. family【解析】选A。根据having to pick
50、my wife up from the doctors office soon for a medical_. 可知, 作者的日程安排很紧。故选A。6. A. discoveryB. argumentC. procedureD. achievement【解析】选C。discovery发现; argument争论; procedure程序; achievement成就。根据the doctors office 可知, 作者的妻子在医生那里走医疗程序, 而作者要赶去接她。故选C。7. A. clothesB. shoesC. hatsD. gloves【解析】选B。根据上文some shoes 可
51、知, 作者没法在这么短的时间内去买鞋。故选B。8. A. complained B. coveredC. doubtedD. remembered【解析】选D。作者想起了最后的袋子里还有袜子。故选D。9. A. carB. gardenC. classroomD. house【解析】选A。根据上文As I was getting in my car today可知, 作者把袋子留在了车里以备有人需要。故选A。10. A. glassesB. socksC. trousersD. pants【解析】选B。根据I had socks 可知, 作者抓起袜子走向那位赤脚的人。故选B。11. A. ap
52、ologized B. pointed C. calledD. switched【解析】选C。根据下文 I called to the man可知, 作者招呼那位赤脚的人。故选C。12. A. studyB. observeC. learnD. use【解析】选D。根据“I am sorry. I dont have any shoes for you可知, 作者问那位赤脚的人是否能用到袜子。故选D。13. A. ignoredB. smiledC. approvedD. disagreed【解析】选B。句意: 他转身笑了笑。根据“That would be great. ”可以推测, 那位赤
53、脚的人笑了。故选B。14. A. promisedB. awardedC. handedD. threw【解析】选C。根据本句句意可知, 当作者递给那位赤脚的人袜子时, 他给出了回应和祝福。故选C。15. A. realizedB. advocatedC. obtainedD. permitted【解析】选A。 realize意识到; advocate提倡; obtain获得; permit允许。作者意识到袋子里其余的东西也许对他也有用。故选A。16. A. containers B. coveringsC. contentsD. surroundings【解析】选C。 containers容
54、器; coverings覆盖物; contents内容; 容纳的东西; surroundings环境。根据a bottle of water, jerky, sunflower seeds可知, 这里指作者包里所剩下的东西。故选C。17. A. pushedB. joggedC. wanderedD. pulled【解析】选D。根据alongside the sidewalk可知, 作者把车停在路边。故选D。18. A. lining upB. holding on C. making upD. taking over【解析】选A。 line up排队; hold on抓住; make up组
55、成; take over接管。根据“behind me”可知, 后面排了长长的车队。故选A。19. A. exchangeB. leaveC. fetchD. expose【解析】选B。句意: 我把袋子放在人行道上你看行吗? ”根据on the sidewalk可知, 作者把袋子留在人行道上。故选B。20. A. objectedB. droveC. yelledD. whispered【解析】选C。根据上文 I yelled可知, 那位赤脚的人对作者喊道: 我爱你! ”。故选C。. 语法填空Computer scientists specialize in the scientific st
56、udy of computation and computer technology, hardware and software. They work in the field of computer science, the study of the theoretical and 1. _(practice) aspects of computing and computers. Computer scientists work alongside with other research professionals like computer programmers, informati
57、on technology specialists, electrical 2. _(engineer)to develop new computer technology and design hardware and software. Their research helps to improve the performance of 3. _(exist) computer systems. The field of theoretical computer science deals with the theory of computation and other topics fo
58、cused 4. _ logical, mathematical and abstract aspects of computing. 5. _(apply) computer science, on the other hand, deals with issues like Artificial Intelligence, computer graphics, and computer security 6. _can be put to practical use in real-life situations. Computer scientists may work in softw
59、are development that involves designing of games, search engines, operating systems and web browsers. Those who work on computer hardware are dedicated to the 7. _(develop) of higher processing speed. Some computer scientists work with engineers 8. _(design) robotics that 9. _(use) in the manufactur
60、ing sector. These professionals also teach in universities or work with government agencies. What follows is a collection of the biographies, timelines, trivia (细节) and other information about the professional and personal lives of some of 10. _ worlds most famous computer scientists. 【文章大意】 本文为说明文。
61、作者向我们介绍了电脑科学家们的工作。1. 【解析】practical。考查词性转换。aspects为名词, 需要形容词修饰, 故用practical。2. 【解析】engineers。考查名词单复数。电气工程师有很多, 且与前面programmers和specialists并列, 故用engineers。3. 【解析】existing。考查非谓语。existing 形容词, 意为“现存的”, 修饰后面的名词短语, 故用existing。4. 【解析】on。考查固定短语。focus on 集中精力于, 专注于; 为固定短语, 故用on。5. 【解析】Applied。考查形容词。此处指应用计算机科
62、学, 要用形容词形式, 故用Applied“应用的; 实用的”。6. 【解析】which/that。考查从句引导词。定语从句中先行词为物, 从句中缺少主语。故用which/that。7. 【解析】development。考查词性转换。此处“发展”在定冠词后, 为名词词性, 故用development。8. 【解析】to design。考查不定式。不定式表目的, 故用to design。9. 【解析】are used。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。robotics 为复数主语, 与 use之间为被动关系, 且本文时态为一般现在时, 故用are used。10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。最高级前需要用定冠词, 故用the。 【知识拓展】词汇积累They work in the field of computer science, the study of the theoretical and practical aspects of computing and computers.field该词词性、词义较多, 学生熟悉的意思为名词“田地”。但在本句中为“领域”。 此外, 该词还有以下词性及词义:n. 田地; 领域; 运动场; 场地; 田野vt. 接球; 派上场; 顺利处理vi. 担任外场员adj. 田间的; 野外的关闭Word文档返回原板块- 20 - 版权所有高考资源网
