1、英语单词的“变形记”王丽君August,1st,2018动词的变形记“变形一”原形三单形式：1.1.原形动词词尾为原形动词词尾为“chch，shsh，oo，ss，x”x”，加，加“-es”-es”：teach（教）teaches wash（洗）washes go（去）goes kiss（吻）kisses pass（传递）passes fix（安装）fixes2.2.原形动词词尾为原形动词词尾为“辅音字母辅音字母+y”+y”时，去时，去“y”y”后加后加“-ies”ies”，若是，若是“元音字母元音字母+y”+y”，只加，只加“-s”-s”：study（学习）studies fly（飞）flie
2、splay（玩）plays stay（停留）stays say（说says3.3.其他动词直接加其他动词直接加ss：help（帮助）helps come（来）comes cut（切）cuts“变形二”原形现在分词：1.1.原形动词词尾为原形动词词尾为“哑哑e”e”时，去时，去“e”e”后后+“-ing”+“-ing”。livelivingliveliving（住）（住）makemakingmakemaking（制造）（制造）2.2.原形动词以原形动词以“辅元辅辅元辅”结尾，并且结尾这个音节结尾，并且结尾这个音节重读，重读，双写最后一个辅音字母后再双写最后一个辅音字母后再+“-ing”+“-in
3、g”planplanningplanplanning（计划）（计划）kidkiddingkidkidding（开玩笑）（开玩笑）getgettinggetgetting（得到）（得到）stopstoppingstopstopping（停止）（停止）putputtingputputting（放置）（放置）shutshuttingshutshutting（关闭）（关闭）beginbeginningbeginbeginning（开始）（开始）3.3.以以y,wy,w结尾的动词，直接结尾的动词，直接加加“-ing”-ing”。drawdrawdrawing,playplaying drawing,pl
4、ayplaying 4.4.原形动词词尾为原形动词词尾为“-ie”-ie”时，先把时，先把“-ie”-ie”改为改为“-y”-y”后后+“-+“-ing”ing”。lielyinglielying（卧，躺）（卧，躺）diedyingdiedying（死）（死）tietie（捆）（捆）tyingtying5.5.其他动词直接加其他动词直接加-ing-ing。speakspeakingspeakspeaking（说）（说）studystudyingstudystudying（学习）（学习）gogoinggogoing（去）（去）showshow（展示）（展示）showingshowingclimb
5、climb（爬，攀）（爬，攀）climbingclimbing 初中常考的动词双写的现在分词stopstopping 停dropdropping 放弃traveltravel(l)ing 旅游 swimswimming 游泳runrunning 跑步digdigging 挖、掘beginbeginning 开始preferpreferring 偏爱planplanning 计划hop-hopping 单脚跳letletting 让hithitting 打、撞cutcutting 切、割sitsitting 坐forgetforgetting 忘记 setsetting 设置babysitbab
6、ysitting 照顾婴儿shopshopping mop-mopping 用拖把拖 slip-slipping 滑倒nod-nodding 点头fit-fitting 合适kidnap-kidnapping 绑架 nap-napping 打盹regret-regretting 后悔“变形三”原形过去式1.1.背熟，背熟，背熟动词不规则表。背熟，背熟，背熟动词不规则表。3.3.原形动词词尾为原形动词词尾为“辅音字母辅音字母+y”+y”时，变时，变“-y”-y”为为“i”i”再加再加eded（排除（排除.).)studystudied（学习）carrycarriedworryworried2.2
7、.原形动词词尾为原形动词词尾为“e”e”时，加时，加“-d”-d”（排除（排除.).)livelived（住）like liked（喜欢）4.4.原形动词以原形动词以“辅元辅辅元辅”结尾，并且这个音节重结尾，并且这个音节重读，双写最后一个辅音字母后再读，双写最后一个辅音字母后再+“ed”+“ed”。（排除（排除.).)chatchattedchatchatted（闲谈）（闲谈）kid kiddedkid kidded（开玩笑）（开玩笑）begbeggedbegbegged（恳求）（恳求）stopstoppedstopstopped（停止）（停止）5.5.其他的动词直接加其他的动词直接加eded
8、。showshowedshowshowed（展示）（展示）match match matchedmatched（匹配）（匹配）guessguessguessedguessed（猜）（猜）wash wash washedwashed（洗）（洗）不规则动词过去式和过去分词分类记忆法1.bringbring-brought-brought-brought-brought buybuy-bought-bought -bought-bought fightfight-fought-fought -fought-fought think think-thought-thought-thought-thou
9、ght2.burn2.burn-burnt-burnt-burnt-burnt mean-mean-meant-meant meant-meant dream-dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt learn-learn-learned/learnt-learned/learntlearned/learnt-learned/learnt smell-smell-smelled/smelt-smelled/smeltsmelled/smelt-smelled/smelt 3.build-built-bu
10、ilt send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent lend-lent-lent4.catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught5.feel-felt-felt leave-left-left meet-met-met lead-led-ledkeep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept6.sell-sold-sold tell-told-toldpay-paid-paid say-said-said .get-got-got hold-held-held have/has-had-
11、had hear-heard-heard lose-lost-lost make-made-made shine-shone/shined-shone/shined sit-sat-sat stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood win-won-won find-found-foundcost-cost-cost,cut-cut-cut,hurt-hurt-hurt,let-let-let,put-put-put,read-read-read(音变),set-set-set,spread-spread-spread(传播)1.beg
12、inbegin-began-begun-began-begun drink-drink-drank-drunkdrank-drunk ring ring-rang-rung-rang-rung sing sing-sang-sung-sang-sung swim swim-swam-swum-swam-swum2.draw-drew-drawn fly-flew-flown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown 3.bite-bit-bitten hide-hid-hidden forget-forgot-forgotten br
13、eak-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen steal-stole-stolen wake-woke/waked-woken/waked4.give-gave-given shake-shook-shakenfall-fell-fallen see-saw-seen take-took-taken rise-rose-risen(音变)5.drive-drove-driven write-wrote-written(音变)come-come-came-comecame-come become-become-became-becomebecame-become ru
14、n-run-ran-runran-runbeat-beat-beaten名词的变形记名词的分类1名词根据内容可分为专有名词和普通名词 1)专有名同主要指人名。地名、机构名等一些特定对象的专有名称,首字母要大写。如：人名：Tom,Brown,Einstein称呼、头衍：Mom,Uncle,Mr.Smith,President Roosevelt,Queen Elizabeth地名：Asia,Europe,New York,London,the Alps,the Yellow River月份、星期、节日：July,Monday,Christmas注意：春夏秋冬不是专有名词。书籍、报刊、电影、诗歌：
15、Pride and Prejudice,Times宗教、哲学：Christianity,Islam,Buddhism国家、民族、语言：China,Chinese,England,Englishman,English,the United state of American,机构、会议、活动：the United Nations(联合国)，the World Cup(世界杯)公司、品牌：Microsoft,GoogIe，Nokia2)普通名词分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词个体名词：box，horse,star,country集体名词：family,public,police,peop
16、le,audience物质名词：water,oil,soil,iron,desk,bottle,radio抽象名词：love,health，peace,happiness名词的变形：1.一般在词尾加-s map-maps,bridge-bridges2.以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-esglassglasses,foxfoxes,brushbrushes,matchmatches3.以o结尾的有生命的名词后加-es heroheroes,potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes以o结尾的无生命的名词以及-oo结尾的词后加-s pianopianos,zoozoos,r
17、adioradios4.以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es;以元音加y结尾的词直接加sfactory-factories;boy-boys5.以-f或-fe结尾的词，把-f,-fe改为v,再加-es wifewivesknifeknives wolfwolves thiefthieves shelfshelves selfselves lifelives halfhalvesleafleaves注意：有的以-f,-fe结尾的词，可以直接加-sbeliefbeliefs,roofroofs 不规则变化(常考，背熟）manmen goosegeese;toothteeth;footfeet mous
18、emice;oxoxen;childchildren deerdeer;fishfish;sheepsheepChineseChinese;JapeneseJapenese形容词的变形记 形容词和副词的定义形容词(adjective，简称adj.）主要用来修饰名词或修饰名词或代词代词的词，表示事物的性质、特征。如：The smart boy always gets high marks.This picture is really beautiful.副词（adverb，简写为adv.ad.）是指在句子中表示行为特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
19、按照副词修饰的不同，分为时间副词，频度副词，地点副词，疑问副词，程度副词等等。如：He spoke English quickly.（quickly修饰动词spoke）I will always love you.（always 修饰动词love，表示频度）形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质,特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语,表语和宾语补足语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.形容词和副词的概念形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,做定语。Eg:a new book,two big trees 等。形容词和副词的用法形容词放在系动词be、look
20、、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后做表语。Eg:1.I am short.2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.如果形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时,要放在不定代词后面Eg:something interesting，nothing new something terrible副词的用法：副词一般放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副词之前。如:1.She works hard.（修饰动词）2.We play happily.（修饰动词)3.I am
21、 very busy.（修饰形容词）4.He runs too quickly.（修饰副词）通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词slow _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry _slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrily 形容词副词形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，元(e)去e加，辅(y)改i加，le结尾e改y一般直接加，quickquickly;politepolitely;recentrecentlysadsadly;imme
22、diateimmediately safesafely元(e)去e加，truetruly;dueduly辅(y)改i加，happyhappily;heavyheavily;angryangrily;busybusily,easyeasilyle结尾e改ysimplesimply;comfortablecomfotably;terribleterribly;gentlegently;possiblepossibly;probableprobably;incredibleincredibly需注意:1.有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词 如：friendly people;motherly lov
23、e;lovely dog;monthly exam;heavenly peace;weekly newspaper2.本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变：fast-fast,early-early,high-high,hard-hard,late-late,far-far wide-wide,alone-alone3有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加-ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意，如：late(形容词，晚的)-late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)-high(副词，高地)，highly(副词，高度地)形容词,副词比较级，最高级形容词和副词的比
24、较级和最高级比较出来的英语1.A friend is easier lost than found.朋友易失不易得。2.An eye finds more truth than two ears.百闻不如一见。3.Better to do well than to say well.说得好不如干得好。4.Better the last smile than the first laughter.宁可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。5.Doing is better than saying.会说不如会做。6.Two heads are better than one.两人智慧胜一人。bigbiggerL
25、ook at the pictures and understand Look at the pictures and understand bigbiggerbiggestfastLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解fastfasterLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解fastfasterfastestLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解形容词和副词的级形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small,good,pr
26、etty,big,many hard,happily,slowly,quickly 原级前面通常使用very,quite,too,much too,a little,so 等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如：1.The room is very big.2.The person is quite clever.3.Today is too hot.4.He eats too much,so hes much too heavy.5.He is a little angry.Tom is as tall as Mike.汤姆和迈克一样高。Tom is as old as Mike.汤姆和迈克一样大。T
27、here are as many students in our class as yours.我们班有和你们班一样多的学生。形容词原级：as+形容词原形+as和一样形容词原级(否定)not as+形容词原形+as not so+形容词原形+as“和 不一样”“不及不如Lucy is not as tall as Mike.露西没有迈克那样高。The story is not as interesting as that one.The question is not as/so difficult as that one.2.形容词比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示“较”或“更一些”。1).
28、Mary is cleverer than her little sister.2).The new building is higher than the old one.3).His shirt is more expensive than mine.4).Kate is more beautiful than Lily.5).She is five years older than me.6).He is 2 centimeters taller than her.7).This ruler is 20 centimeters longer thanthat one.3.最高级：三个或三
29、个以上的人或物之间的比较。标志词：in+大范围,of all,of+the+具体的数字.表示“最”的意思。单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.most interesting,most difficultly在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。形容词最高级的用法(in;of;of all)那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.今天是一年中最热的一天.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.上海是中国最大的城市.The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.Today is the hottest day of
30、 the year.His room is the cleanest of the three.Shanghai is the largest in China.More examples:1.He is the youngest of all the children.2.This book is the most interesting of all books.3.America is the richest country in the world.4.The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.5.He is one of t
31、he greatest scientists in China.6.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.7.Lucy is one of the tallest girls in her class.8.Of the three scientists,who do you think is the most successful?规则变化和不规则变化巧学妙记温馨提示：常见的需双写末尾辅音字母，再加-er变比较级的形容词，可用一句话来概括：大(big)热(hot)天，胖(fat)子湿(wet)了，瘦(thin)子红(
32、red)眼了Remember部分双音节或多音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：1、一般是在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前加most构成最高级。beautiful more beautiful most beautiful interesting more interesting most interesting dangerous more dangerous most dangerous2、某些单音节形容词，加more,most 构成比较级和最高级。glad more glad most glad pleased more pleased most pleased tired more
33、tired most tired often-more often-most often不规则形容词的比较级最高级注：older 一般指年龄大小；My father is older than my mother.elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语);My elder brother is a driver.farther指距离更远；further指抽像的.I want to study English further.further reading further study形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化better worseless more fartherfurtherolder
34、 elder1“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比B更”如：This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。1.Mary is cleverer than her little sister.2.The new building is higher than the old one.3.His shirt is more expensive than mine.4.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is.比较级句型结构注意：在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。形容
35、词比较级前修饰词有：even（更，更加），a little（有点），far/much/a lot（更加，的多）Eg:1.Yesterday was hot,but today is even hotter.2.Im a little taller than Mary.3.This skirt is far/much/a lot more beautiful than that one.4.This pen is much better than that one 5.Tom is a little shorter than his friend Jim.比较级的翻译：A+be+形容词比较级+t
36、han+B1.汤姆比杰克高.2.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.3.那些苹果比这些大.4.第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易.The second question is easier than the first.Tom is taller than Jack.This box is bigger than that one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.The first question is very easy,but the 比较级句型结构2.“A+具体数字+比较级+than+B”表示两者之间相差的程度eg:The road is two me
37、tres longer than that one.这条公路比那条公路长两米。This pencil is four inches shorter than that one.这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。She is five years older than I am.He is 2 centimeters taller than her.This ruler is 20 centimeters longer than that one.比较级句型结构3.比较级+and+比较级（前后形容词是同一个）“表示越来越”She is becoming thinner and thinner.Our
38、country is becoming richer and richer.There are more and more students in our school.Living in the world is becoming more and more difficult.比较级句型结构4.the+比较级+the+比较级表示“越，就越”The more you eat,the fatter you will be.The harder you study,the more you will get.The smaller the house is,the less it will co
39、st.The sooner,the better._ she is,_ she feels.A.The more busy,the more happy B.The busy,the happy C.Busier,happier D.The busier,the happierD比较级句型结构5.the+形容词比较级+of 短语两者中比较的一个She is the prettier of the two girls.The bike is the older of the two.His is the taller of the two.This one is the more beautif
40、ul of the two pictures.-In our city its in July,but it is even _in August.A.hotter;hottest B.hot;hot C.hotter;hot D.hot;hotter -The Changjiang River is _ than any other river in China.A.shorter B.longer C.shortest D.longest-I study English as_as my brother.A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.the hardest。D-T
41、he bread is _ than these cakes A.very delicious B.much delicious C.more delicious D.as deliciousCBA专项练习单项选择1.Lucy is very short,but she is _ than her sister.A.shorter B.longer C.taller D.older 2.Sam is _ at Chinese than Jim.A.good B.well C.better D.gooder 4.This one is too large.Can you show me a _o
42、ne?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller 5.Do you think March is _ than January?Yes,its _ warmer.A.better,a little B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quite6.Im _ quieter than Susan.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few CCCA AC。1.Which do you like _(well),apples or oranges?2.Who is _(old),Jim or Tom?3.Jack is
43、 running _ and _(fast).4.Our country is becoming _and _(beautiful).5.He is _(tall)of the the two boys.betterolderfasterfastermore more beatifulthe tallerFollow ups(随堂练习)1、-Mr Zhou,of all the students in our group,who lives _?-I think Li Lei does.A.fat B.father C.farthest D.farest2、The Changjiang Riv
44、er is _ than any other river in China.A.shorter B.longer C.shortest D.longest3、Bob never dose his homework _ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as4、_ she is,_ she feels.A.The more busy,the more happy B.The busy,the happy C.Busier,happier D.The b
45、usier,the happier5、The weather is getting w_ a_ w_.(越来越糟糕)CBBD Dorse nd orse4.Find out the mistakes in the sentences below.1.All of us felt happily at her birthday party.2.I am more older than Harry.3.Her coat is newer than you.4.The weather in Beijing is colder than in Xiamen.5.Sue is the tall girl in her class.happymuchyours.thattallest
