1、Section Discovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句(1)一、定义1.在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who引导的定语从句合作探究The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.目前，在车祸
2、中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。自主发现1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。2.whom引导的定语从句合作探究Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。自主发现2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。3.
3、whose引导的定语从句合作探究I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。自主发现3whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。4.which引导的定语从句合作探究The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the
4、 train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。自主发现4which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。5.that引导的定语从句合作探究The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)The suitcase that/which lies on
5、the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)自主发现5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。名师提醒(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。名师提醒关系词有两个作用：一、引导定语从句二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。巩固内化1(1)
6、用适当的关系代词填空Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.I like those books whose topics are about history.Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can
7、 get help from the government.Look，here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.(2)判断正误昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。The film (that/which)we saw it last night is very
8、frightening.(F)The film (that/which)we saw last night is very frightening.(T)三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1.当先行词为all，little，few，some，none，something，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。2.先行词被序数词或形容词最
9、高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3.先行词被all，every，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。The only thing that she could do was to go to
10、the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4.当先行词既指人，又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 巩固内化2补全句子This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。She took photographs of the things an
11、d people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。.单句语法填空1.The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.3.Have you
12、read the book which/that was written by Anne Frank?4.My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1，000 yuan.5.She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.6.Hany is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.7.The writer and his work that
13、 you told me are really famous.8.All that we need is enough rest after long hours work.9.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.10.The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.补全句子1.The earthquake that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976 shocked the people al
14、l over the world.发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。2.She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.她是通过考试的女孩之一。3.Do you mean the one that you bought yesterday?你指的是昨天买的那个吗？4.We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习唐朝创作的一些中国诗歌。5.The teacher is saying somethin
15、g to the student whose mother died in the accident.老师正在与那位在事故中失去妈妈的学生说着什么。.语法填空Sarah Jayne is a twenty-year-old girl from the U.K.After she read the book Pay It Forward，she realized that our world would become a much 1. (good) place if everyone could do three favors(善意的行为) for others.She lost her fa
16、ther 2. the age of eight，so she felt pity for her friendss children whose dad died 3. (recent).Sarah talked and played with the children to make their mothers life easier.This “success” led to the second favor，which was to set up a counseling(咨询) service at her school 4. (help) improve the students
17、mental(心理的) health.Her third favor was for a neighbor，an old woman named Anna who lost 5. (she) eyesight.It was Anna that 6. (introduce) the book Pay it Forward to Sarah two months ago.As she loved reading，it was 7. real act of kindness to spend time 8. (read) out loud for the neighbor and keeping h
18、er company every night.Sarah said，“I couldnt believe at first how three small favors could make a big 9. (different).All the people 10. were helped by me have promised to pay favors forward.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一个英国女孩因为读了一本书后做了三个善举，并使得受助者也愿意去帮助别人。1.better根据该空前的much可知，该空应用形容词的比较级，故填better。2.atat the
19、age of 表示“在岁时”。 3.recently该空应用副词修饰动词，故填recently。4.to help该空用动词不定式表目的，故填to help。5.her该空应用形容词性物主代词修饰eyesight。6.introduced根据two months ago可知，说的是发生在过去的一件事，所以用动词的一般过去时，故填introduced。7.aact表示“行为，举动”时为可数名词，此处表示“一个”，故填a。8.readingspend time doing sth表示“花时间做某事”。9.differencemake a big difference表示“有很大影响”。10.who先行词为All the people，关系词引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，故填who。
