1、Grammar Revision 1Noun中考英语专项复习李艳辉盐山县第三中学感受中考名词考察方向1.There are some _(shelf)in the reading room.2.Thank you for giving us so many good(建议)_。3.We should pay more _(注意)to our living environment.4.Mr.Zhang and Mr.Lin live next door to us.They are our n_.5.The p_ of China is up to 13 billion6.There are t
2、hree _(knife)on the tableshelvessuggestionsattentionseighboursopulationknives学习目标1、了解名词的定义及分类2、掌握名词的复数构成方法3、掌握不可数名词的用法4、掌握名词用法的12个注意点5、直击中考1、知道名词的定义及分类v 1.定义：表示人，事物或抽象概念等的词叫名词v 2.分类：名词可数名词不可数名词普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词2、名词的复数构成方法之一规则名词v a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.v b以 s.x.sh
3、.ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches。v c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries。v 注：以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：the Marysthe Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较：层楼：storey-storeys story-storiesv d以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es，如：knife
4、-knives，thief-thieves。v 口诀：妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife，calf，knife v追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolfv碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self，life v手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half v 注意：roof,giraffe,blief直接加sv e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况v 1）有生命的+es.v 如：tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes negronegroesv 口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)、芒果(mango)、西红柿(tomato)2)无生命的+s.如：photo-
5、photos radio-radiosv 3)均可，如：zero-zeros/zeroes2、名词的复数构成方法之二不规则名词单复数同形（巧记：中国人、日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼）Chinese;Japanese;sheep;fish;deer特殊变化man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice;child-children合成名词以man,woman开头的合成词前后都变成复数man teacher-men teachers;woman doctor-women doctors以man,woman结尾的合成词将man,woman变成复数E
6、nglishman-Englishmen;Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen一般合成词只将主体名词变成复数boy friend-boy friends;girl student-girl students3、不可数名词的用法v 不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量 词+of+不可数名词”。单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数v 例如：a glass of water,a piece of paper，vv Three glasses of water are on the desk.名词的所有格名词所有格表示所属
7、关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：v(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节),my sisters book(我姐姐的书)v(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)v(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s.如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸),ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).v(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关
8、系。如：a map of our country(我国地图）the capital city of China（中国首都）v（5）s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺如：my aunts(我阿姨家),the doctors(诊所)v（6）两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)v（7）“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友),a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题v 1、谓语和主
9、语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The book is old.(这本书是旧的）The water is very cold.(水很冷)v 2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Four is a very good class.(四班是好班)如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,、如：Class Four have a map of China (四班有张中国地图)v 3、maths,news等虽然有s结
10、尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)v 4、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers（裤子）,gloves（手套）等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。The shoes are very cheap(这鞋子很便宜)v 5、a lot of 后面跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing football now.(现在有许多学生在踢足球)A lot of water is in the cup.(杯子里有许多水）)6、and 连接两
11、个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数如：The teacher and his son are flying kites.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)7、there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table in the room.There are four chairs in the room.There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)v 8、用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are goodfriends (你和我是好朋友
12、）v 9、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with her child is in the car (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子在车里)v 10、eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)v 11、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a shor
13、t time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance (距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)v 12、主语中含有 half of three quarters of all(of)the.等词语时,谓语的单复数由of后名词的单复数来确定,如：All of the water is dirt.(这些水是脏的)Half of these students are girls.直击中考：看看这节课的内容你掌握的怎样?vWrite out the plurals of the following nouns.v 1.ba
14、by 6.Chinesev 2.tooth 7.Germanv 3.potato 8.humanv 4.child 9.Indianv 5.monkey 10.bamboovFill the following blanks with the right forms of the given words.v 1.Therere a number of _(sheep)eating grass on the grassland.v 2.Spring is here.The _(leaf )on the trees come out.v 3._and _ (lady,gentleman),your
15、e welcome to the party.v 4.Match the _(half)of the sentences to get complete ones.v 5.Last night,a food accident happened in the restaurant.v Luckily,no _(life)were lost.babiesteethpotatoeschildrenmonkeysChineseGermanshumansIndiansbamboossheepleavesLadies gentlemenhalveslivesv 6.Theres some amazing
16、_(news)in todays China Youth Daily.Have you read it?v 7.Two _(month)is quite a long time,dont you think so?v 8.Tom has had his two_(tooth)pulled out.v 9.His father is one of the most outstanding _ (engineer)v 10.How much are the _(tomato)?vChoose the best one to complete each of them.v 1._ beautiful
17、 moonlight!Why not walk with me?v A.What B.What a C.How D.How av 2.There_some litter on the ground.Please pick_up.v A.are/them B.is/them C.is/it D.are/it v 3.-Do you like fruit?v -Yes.I like the _ best.v A.potato B.meat C.banana D.cakenewsmonthsteethengineerstomatoesv 4.-What would you like,Sir?v -_
18、 please.vA.Two cups of teas B.Two teas v C.Two cups of tea D.Two cups teav 5.-How many people are there in the room?v -5.They are 3 _ and 2 _.vA.man doctors ;boy students v B.men doctors ;boys students v C.men doctors ;boy studentsv 6.-What did he say just now?v-He asked if there were any _ by the river.vA.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheepv 7.-Oh!There isnt enough _ for us in the bus.v-No hurry.Lets wait for the next.vA.place B.land C.room D.floorv 8.-Have you heard some foreigners ll visit our school?v -Yes.Theyre 2_(日本人)and 4_(德国人)JapaneseGermansThank you for your listening!Bye-bye!
