1、专题一 第三节 主旨大意题A(2020宜春5月模拟)Strange ice rings in Siberias Lake Baikal have puzzled scientists for decades，but now the mystery apparently has been solved.The answer: the rings are caused by warm，circular currents of water under the ice，called eddies(漩涡)The eddies strong currents melt the ice at the edg
2、e，but weaker ones keep the center frozen.“Results of our field surveys show that there are warm eddies that circulate in a clockwise(顺时针的)direction under the ice cover，” said Alexei Kouraev，a hydrologist at the University of Toulouse，in a NASA statement.“In the eddy center，the ice does not melteven
3、though the water is warmbecause the currents are weak，” he said.“But on the eddy boundary，the currents are stronger，and warmer water leads to rapid melting.”During field work，Kouraev and his colleagues drilled holes near ice rings and set sensors capable of measuring the temperature and salinity(盐浓度
4、)of the water to a depth of 700 feet.They found that the water in the eddies was 2 to 4 warmer than the surrounding water.Most of the rings appear in March or April and have a width of about 3 to 4 milestoo big to recognize from the ground but easily seen from satellites above.Some rings were epheme
5、ral while others lasted for weeks or even months.Lake Baikal is the worlds largest and deepest freshwater lake，according to Gizmodo.Its home to many varieties of fish not seen anywhere else in the world，and even a population of freshwater seals.Researchers are still investigating what causes Baikals
6、 eddies but think its likely because of wind patterns，rivers that flow into the lake and the shape of the lakes coastline and bottom.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。西伯利亚贝加尔湖多年的冰环之谜终于被解开了，答案就在于冰面下方的暖流漩涡；科学家们对漩涡的成因也有了初步判断，正在进一步的探索中。1Which word can best replace the underlined word “ephemeral” in Paragraph 4?ASteady.BCurr
7、ent.CFundamental. DTemporary.解析：词义猜测题。第四段该句中，while表示对比，ephemeral与lasted for weeks or even months“持久的”意义相反，是“暂时的”；B项意为“现在的、目前的”，与“过去的(past)”和“将来的(future)”意义相对，所以不对。A、C则与while后文意义不能形成对比。答案：D2Why is the ice in the center of ice rings frozen while that at the edge is melted?ABecause the center of ice ri
8、ngs is 2 to 4 warmer than the edge.BBecause the currents in the center are less powerful.CBecause it is too wide to be recognized or incited.DBecause water in the center circulates in a clockwise direction.解析：细节理解题。考查因果关系。从第二段第三句“In the eddy center，the ice does not melteven though the water is warmb
9、ecause the currents are weak”可知B项正确，因为暖流不够急促，所以造成只有冰的边缘才能溶解的现象；A项偷换概念，从第三段最后一句可知漩涡水温高于周边水温，不是冰环中心与边缘温差的比较，更不是题干原因；C项同样表述有误，从第四段第一句可知其讲述的是most of the rings，不是the ice in the center of ice rings，而且答非所问；D项表述不准确，从第二段第二句可知，water in the center应改为warm eddies，并且不是冰环中心保持冻结的原因。答案：B3Which of the following state
10、ments about Lake Baikals eddies is TRUE?AThey are caused by hot and circular currents under the ice.BThe ice in the center of Lake Baikals eddies melts faster than that of the edge.CResearchers are uncertain about the exact reason of the eddies existence.DLake Baikals eddies can only be measured at
11、the depth of 700 feet.解析：细节理解题。从文章最后一段可知C项正确。从最后一段第一句“Researchers are still investigating what causes Baikals eddies.”可知Baikals eddies的成因尚不明确，故A项错误，根据第一段第二句，A项可改为“the rings are caused by warm，circular currents.”；根据第二段第一句可知B项表述错误；根据第三段“Kouraev and his colleagues.set sensors capable of measuring the t
12、emperature and salinity of the water to a depth of 700 feet”可知D项偷换概念。答案：C4What maybe the best title for the passage?AWhats Causing the Giant Ice Rings in Siberia?BThe Mystery of the Eddies in the Lake Baikal was Uncovered.CThe Largest and Deepest Freshwater LakeLake Baikal.DWhy Does the Edge of an I
13、ce Ring Melt Faster?解析：标题归纳题。此文主要介绍了西伯利亚贝加尔湖多年的冰环之谜的答案在于冰面下方的暖流漩涡，所以选A。解答漩涡之谜，并非本文重点，只在最后提及而已，B项表述有误；C项的范围太大；D项范围缩小，不足以概括文章。答案：AB(2020河南九师联盟5月联考)It has become a habit for many of us.When youre tired of online shopping，you head to the bathroom to do your best makeup for the perfect selfies(自拍)for Fac
14、ebook，Instagram，Snapchat or all of the above.When youre ready，you hold up your phone and，in an instant，snap(拍照)But have you ever wondered whats behind your burning desire to selfdocument？Most people would say that this is a way to express themselves and perhaps make them become more confident of the
15、mselves.But the moment you upload that picture，its no longer yours to judge.Instead，you pass on that power to the online world.While you may think that your growing collection of selfies attracts people，quite the opposite may be true.A recent study was conducted on a total of 238 people in Austria，G
16、ermany and Switzerland.77% of the people surveyed admitted to regularly taking selfies.Interestingly，82% of people said that they would rather see fewer selfies on social media.In other words，we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other peoples selfies online.This research finds tha
17、t there is a big difference between how we see our own selfies and how we judge other peoples pictures.It suggests that we are comfortable with the selfies we post since we believe they are obviously not serious or vain，but we think everyone else is an egoist(自我主义者)for doing the very same thing.Afte
18、r all，we are able to separate our own selfies from the sea of them online and naturally think that ours are the only authentic ones.So，the next time you reach for your phone and take a selfie picture，consider this: The people around you may not need another carefully planned snap of your face.Instea
19、d，you might be better off，giving it a break and calling off the selfie photo today.While youre at it，make sure you never post these pictures on social media either.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。现在我们都喜欢自拍，然后发到社交网站上，并且我们认为自己的自拍照会吸引别人。一项研究发现，我们喜欢在社交网站看自己的自拍照，却不喜欢看别人的自拍照，并且认为他人的自拍照不真实。这个有趣的结论告诉我们，即使我们喜欢自拍，也不要随意将自拍照放到网上。
20、5What is most peoples idea on taking their own selfies according to the text?AIts a good way to keep others informed of their life.BIt costs less money than shopping online for makeup.CIts a way of selfexpression and building confidence.DIt can help them keep a record of their daily routines.解析：细节理解
21、题。根据第二段“But have you ever wondered whats behind your burning desire to selfdocument？Most people would say that this is a way to express themselves and perhaps make them become more confident of themselves.”可知，大部分人认为拍自拍照是一种表达自我和建立自信的方式。答案：C6How do other people feel about our online selfies that we co
22、nsider attractive?AThey actually take great interest in them.BThey envy our life after appreciating them.CThey are likely unwilling to see them online.DThey hardly make annoying reviews on them.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“While you may think that your growing collection of selfies attracts people，quite the oppos
23、ite may be true.”及“Interestingly，82% of people said that they would rather see fewer selfies on social media.In other words，we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other peoples selfies online.”可推断，别人可能不愿意在网上看到我们自认为具有吸引力的自拍照。答案：C7Why do we regard others as egoists for taking selfies?
24、AThey are not serious but vain in nature.BWe dont think their selfies are authentic.CWe are too proud to acknowledge others.DThey hate getting their selfies polished.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“.but we think everyone else is an egoist for doing the very same thing.After all，we are able to separate our own selfie
25、s from the sea of them online and naturally think that ours are the only authentic ones.”可推断，我们把其他拍自拍照的人看作自我主义者是因为我们认为他们的自拍照不真实。答案：B8What is the last paragraph mainly about?AApproaches to resisting taking selfies.BConcerns over posting selfies online.CDoubts about contradictory thoughts.DSuggestions on dealing with selfies.解析：段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，最后一段主要是关于如何处理自拍的建议；尽量少自拍；如果自拍了，尽量不要上传到网上。答案：D
