1、Section Grammar and usage.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1You have to adopt a flexible (灵活的) method to learn English.2The expert(专家) cured my son of his bad habit and I thanked her.3It is reported that the pet dog is more likely(可能) to like the food.4The book，which is designed for children under 5 years old，m
2、ust be simple and colourful.5I am in a rather unique position，as my job is different from anyone elses.6It is rather difficult for them to get another chance to give a performance in the city hall.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行performance n表现；表演；执行，履行performer n表演者2design vt.设计；制订 n设计
3、，安排 designer n设计师.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来2look through 粗略地翻阅；仔细检查3find out 发现，弄清楚4take a look at 看5reply to 回复，回答6have confidence in 相信，信任.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1She cheered up after we had been to see her.2He often looks through several newspapers before breakfast.3He did not reply to her q
4、uestion right away.4It was found out that certain medicines had a great effect on AIDS.v.ance nv.out动词短语guidance n指导；领导appearance n出现，露面；外貌，外表reliance n信赖check out 检查，查看come out 出来，出版find out 查明，发现 design n设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思(教材P20)So we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to
5、adulthood.所以我们设计了TeenHealthWeb来帮助你走向成年。(1)by design on purpose故意地，蓄意地(2)be designed to do sth. 目的是做某事；被设计用 于做某事be designed for 打算作用；为而设计be designed as 打算当作；设计成(3)designer n. 设计者；谋划者(2019全国卷)HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.HUNCH项目的目的是把中学课堂教学与美国航空航天局的工程师们联系起来。As
6、 far as I know，the course is designed for beginners.据我所知，这门课程是为初学者设计的。The programme is designed to help (help) the orphans.这项计划的目的是为孤儿提供帮助。The room can be also designed as a castle or forest depends on where your fantasy takes you or what your kids prefer.根据你的想象力或是孩子的喜好，儿童房也可以设计成城堡或是森林的样子。 performan
7、ce n表现，表演；执行，履行(教材P21)Right now，however，its just making you anxious and influencing your performance.然而，现在，它只会让你焦虑，并影响你的表现。(1)give/put on a performance演出；表演(2)perform vt.& vi. 表演；履行；执行；表现perform a(n) .role in 在中起作用perform ones duty/promise尽职责/履行诺言perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验(3)performer n.
8、 执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者You are expected to perform your duties.你应该履行你的职责。They gave performances (perform) to collect money for the project.他们进行演出，为这项工程集资。The unknown performer performed very well，and her performance was very popular with the audience.(perform)这个不知名的表演者演奏地非常好，她的表演深受观众的欢迎。 cheer up(使)变得高兴，振奋
9、起来(教材P21)Cheer up，Teresa.振作起来，特蕾莎。(1)cheer sb.on (赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人； 为某人加油(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)cheers int. (用于祝酒)干杯；再见；谢谢We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.当他将要放弃时我们尽力鼓励他。Cheer up! Things are not so bad as they seem.振作起来！情况并不像看上去那样糟。They gathered round the swimming
10、 pool and cheered her on他们聚集在游泳池周围为她加油。He is cheerful(cheer) in spite of his illness.尽管生病了，他还是很高兴。(教材P20)It is likely that your problem has already been discussed on our forum.很可能你的问题已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。【要点提炼】句中It is likely that为It is likelythat从句，表示“很可能”。(1)sb.be likely to do sth.某人可能(发生某种情况) sb.be likel
11、y to do sth.可与句型it is likely that.进行句式转换(2)likely adv.很可能(多和most或very连用)He is likely to leave for New York next week.他下周很可能去纽约。We will most likely see him later.我们很可能晚些时候会见到他。It is likely that they will finish the job on Sunday.They are likely to finish (finish) the job on Sunday.他们可能在周日完成工作。简单句、并列句
12、和主从复合句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.My uncle is a policeman.2.The Internet is useful and we use it a lot.3.I have travelled to many places，but I still want to visit more.4.They have different ideas，so they have solved the problem in different ways.5.I hope that high school will be more exciting.6.As I grew
13、 older，I became more interested in poems.1.例句1为“主系表”结构，是一个简单句。2.例句2是一个and连接的并列句。3.例句3是一个but连接的并列句。4.例句4是一个so连接的并列句。5.例句5是一个主从复合句，that引导宾语从句。6.例句6是一个主从复合句，as引导状语从句。英语句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：简单句，并列句和复合句。一、简单句简单句是只含一个主谓结构的句子，按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。有肯定句和否定句之分。She is fond of collecting stamps.
14、她喜欢集邮。He is not noted for his sense of humour.他没什么幽默感。2疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种： (1)一般疑问句 Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？(2)特殊疑问句Where do you live? 你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？(3)选择疑问句Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？(4)反意疑问句He doesnt know her，does he? 他不认识她，对不对？3祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。Sit
15、down，please. 请坐。 Dont be nervous! 别紧张！ 4感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！即时训练1完成句子The story sounds interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。I didnt do morning exercises today.我今天没做早操。Can he speak five languages? 他会讲五种语言吗？Let them go by train.叫他们坐火车去吧。What an interesting story it is! 这是个多么有趣的故事啊！二、并列
16、句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫作并列句，其基本结构是“简单句并列连词简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词有：and，but，or，so等。(一)表示转折对比关系的并列连词1but但是，可是，而，却连接两个简单句，有时句中某些词可以省略；连接两个并列成分，可以放在一个句子的句首，后面不接逗号。The watch was cheap，but it goes quite well.这块表虽然便宜，但走得很好。2yet但是；尽管如此可连接两个句子，用逗号分开，也可在yet前加and，还可以放在一个句子的句首。The car
17、 is old，yet it is in good condition.这辆车旧了，但车况很好。3while而，但是，可是，却while作连词用时，可表示对比或转折关系。Some experiments are difficult while others are easy.有些实验是难的，而其它一些实验是容易的。(二)表示因果关系的并列连词1for因为由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部，而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。He felt no fear，for he was very brave.他很勇敢，因
18、为他毫不畏惧。2so因此可以连接两个句子，中间有时用逗号隔开；也可在so前加and；还可以放在一个句子的句首。It was late，so we went home.天晚了，所以我们就回家去了。(三)表示选择关系的连词oror连接并列成分时，意为“或者，还是”；用于否定句中，意为“也不”，这时不宜用and；还有“否则，要不然”之意，相当于otherwise。Hurry up，or youll miss it all.快点，不然你什么都赶不上了。(四)表示并列关系的连词andand连接并列成分时，意为“和，同，与，又，并且”。Stand over there and youll be able
19、to see it better.站在那边，你就能看得更清楚了。即时训练2完成句子Her father is a doctor，and her mother is a writer她的爸爸是个外科医生，她的妈妈是个作家。We love peace but we are not afraid of war我们热爱和平，但是我们不惧怕战争。I was tired，so I went home early我累了，于是早早回家了。You must be ill，for you look so pale你一定是病了，因为你的脸色如此苍白。三、主从复合句主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句
20、为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用分为表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和主语从句等。(一) 表语从句作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that，whether，as though (if)；关系代词who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等；关系副词when，where，why，how，however，whenever，wherever等。可以接表语从
21、句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。At that time，it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。即时训练3完成句子The trouble is that
22、 he has lost his money麻烦的事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。(二) 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。1基本形式：(主句)连词从句主语从句谓语.2关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句，那么，连词用that，在口语中that可以省略；若从句来源于一个一般疑问句，连词则用if 或whether；若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句，则连词就是疑问词(如what，who，where，when等)。 They think that the bridge was bui
23、lt 100 years ago. (从句本来就是陈述句The bridge was built 100 years ago.)I asked him if he had finished his homework.(从句来源于一般问句Have you finished your homework？)I asked him where he could get such medicine.(从句来源于特殊疑问句Where can you get such medicine? )3宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际需要而定，该用什么时态就用什么时态；如主句是过去时，从句则相应
24、地使用过去某一时态，遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。I think I will do better in English this term.The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.4下列结构(系表结构)后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry/afraid/sure/glad that从句。Im sorry Im late.对不起，我迟到了。Im afraid he isnt in at the moment.恐怕他此刻不在家。即时训练4完成句子Could you tell me who knows the answer，ple
25、ase?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。Im glad that hes got the job .我很高兴他得到了这份工作。(三) 状语从句在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。1时间状语从句通常由when，as，while，after，before，since，as soon as，till (until)，while，whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句
26、首或句尾，特别注意，时间状语从句不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代(主将从现)。When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.你完成工作就可以出去和Sam一起玩了。I wont leave until Mum comes back.妈妈回来了我才会走。2条件状语从句通常由if，unless，no matter(无论)，as long as(只要)等引导，条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾，特别注意，条件状语从句也不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代(主将从现)。You will certainly fail in the com
27、ing final exams unless you work much harder.即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格，除非你更用功。If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we shall go hiking.如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。No matter what he says，I will believe him.无论他说什么，我都相信他。3地点状语从句通常由 where，wherever等引导。Go back where you came from! 哪里来还回到哪里去！I will never forget to catch the thief who sto
28、le my necklace wherever he may be.我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼，无论他会在哪里。4原因状语从句通常由because，since，as等引导，一般放在句首或句尾。He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.他出国了，因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。5目的状语从句通常由so that.，in order that.等引导，往往放在句尾，从句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情态动词。He got up earlier so that he cou
29、ld catch the first train.他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。6结果状语从句通常由so.that.等引导，放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情，故多为过去时态。He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.他丢了那么多辆自行车，他决定再也不买新车了。7比较状语从句通常由as，than，as (so).as等引导，一般省略从句的谓语部分，只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。Jane is much taller than I/me.简比我高多了。I dont have as many book
30、s as you (do)我的书没有你的多。8让步状语从句通常由though (although)，as，even if(even though)，however，whatever等引导。Even if you pay the debt for me，I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你，因为它与我毫无关系。He wears a Tshirt though it is very cold.他穿了一件T恤衫，尽管天很冷。名师点津(1)because与so；(al)though与but不可
31、以同在一个句子中成对出现。(2)时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。即时训练5完成句子The little boy was crying because he was lost那小孩因迷路而哭。Im not living where I was我不在原处住了。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。He was so angry that he couldnt speak.他气得话都说不出来。(四)定语从句在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。1定语从
32、句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.手上拿了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。2语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词，其中that，which，who，whose称为关系代词，where，when，why称为关系副词。3关系代词或关系副词的作用：(1)关系代词who，whom 和whose指人，分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which只能指物，that多指物，有时也指人，它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the
33、person(that/who/whom) we are looking for.这就是我们正在找的人。Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.请找一间足够大能住下我们所有人的房间。(2)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时，它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.这是一个星期前他们在里面吵架的房间。 I can never forget the day when I first saw you.我
34、永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。即时训练6完成句子I know the man who/that lives next door我认识住在隔壁的那个人。 She will never forget the day when she got married她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。 Give me one reason why we should help you给我一个我们应当帮助你的理由。 (五)主语从句在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that，whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下，常用it替代主语从句，而将主语从句移到句尾。What he said
35、is true.他说的是真的。It is true that Tom has died. That Tom has died is true.汤姆去世了是真的。即时训练7完成句子When he was born is unknown.他生于何时还不知道。Who has broken the glass is unknown.谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。.单句语法填空1The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.2Thats what he is worrying about.3The small children dont
36、know what is in their stockings.4He had no breathing or pulse and he was lifeless.5It may rain tomorrow，but we are going home in any case.6I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.7He waited until she was about to leave.8I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.9Thats the hote
37、l where we stayed last summer.10It is possible that he has stolen the car.单句改错 (每小题仅有1处错误)1Go and get your coat.Its when you left it.whenwhere2He asked who handwriting was the best in our class.whowhose3Isnt it strange which he should not have passed the test? whichthat4As he is ill，so he cant come to the meeting.去掉so5I will go there tomorrow if it rains.ifunless
