1、Section Reading（）Language Points. 单句语法填空1. I need to get the job _(accomplish) today，for Ill be away on business tomorrow.2. The hotel staff tried their best to make sure that our stay was as_(enjoy) as possible.3. With everything _(arrange)，the manager left for England to attend an important busine
2、ss meeting.4. _(found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.5. The _(possible) of winning first prize in the speech contest may never occur to him.6. To their great _(delighted)，their son has been admitted into Beijing University.7. I was so _(thrill) to repr
3、esent the company to deliver a speech.8. The woman arranged for her husband to rent a_(furnish) house.9. Though _(surprise) to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.10. _(worry) that he might lose his job，Peter always works extra hours to please his boss.答案1accomplished2.enjoyable3.arranged4Fo
4、unded5.possibility6.delight7.thrilled8furnished9.surprised10.Worried. 单句改错1. They quarreled each other over the price. _2. My boss arranged me to discuss business details with someone from another company._3. It was a pity that our car broke up again on our way to the countryside._4. To my delighted
5、, the first prize came to me._5. He was thrilling about being asked to deliver a speech._6. Every evening after dinner, if not tiring from work, I will spend some time walking my dog._7. Is there any possibility what you could pick me up at the airport?No problem._8. The twins are so like; its diffi
6、cult to tell the difference._答案1. quarreled后加with2. arranged后加for3. updown4. delighteddelight5. thrillingthrilled6. tiringtired7. whatthat8. likealike或arelook. 补全句子1. The Chinese people _ 56 ethnic groups.中华民族由56个民族组成。2. John is often _ his boss.约翰经常与老板发生争执。3. What can we do to help them _ the diffi
7、cult position?我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？4. We bought a new car _我们用分期付款买了一辆新车。5. Do you think I might have _？你觉得我是不是遗漏了什么东西？6. When I went into her room, I _我走进她的房间时，发现她正在看一本书。7. _ to the job was the chance to travel.这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会旅行。8. _， Ill visit you next Tuesday.如果你方便的话，我将于下星期二去拜访你。答案1. consists of2. in
8、 conflict with3. (to) break away from4. on credit5. left anything out6. found her reading a book7. What attracted me most8. If it is convenient for you.阅读理解(2018年高考课标全国卷)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because the
9、y are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom t
10、owns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30，000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like Lond
11、on or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it t
12、o Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold, 4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive
13、. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and goto see wh
14、ere the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.1What attracted the early settlers to New York City?AIts business culture.BIts small population.CIts geographical position.DIts favourable climate.2What do we know about those who first
15、 dug for gold in Dawson?ATwothirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.3What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?AThey found the city too crowded.BThey wanted to try their luck elsewhere.CThey were unable to stand the wint
16、er.DThey were short of food.4What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.答案与解析这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。1C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port
17、or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。2B细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一
18、句“Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold, 4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.”可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4 000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。3B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come
19、.”可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。4A主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。BWhen a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shift
20、s risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Selfdriving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine,
21、 laid out 13 possible situations in which someones death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people
22、 from 233 countries and territories.When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan
23、, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.T
24、he researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in natio
25、ns with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findi
26、ngs reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of selfdriving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomousvehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege
27、 argues that selfdriving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each yearbut that people might focus more on events involving robots.Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We
28、 need to come up with a social consensus，” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”5Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming selfdriving cars?ASocial values always change with the times.BMoral choices vary between different cultures.CDrivers have a preference for
29、 sacrificing the weak.DCar makers are faced with decisions of life or death.6The researchers conducted the study by_Ausing a massive online quiz worldwideBcomparing different cultures and customsCdividing the respondents into three groupsDperforming a series of controlled experiments7According to th
30、e study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?ANigeriaBColombiaCFinland DIndonesia8Barbara Wege would probably agree that_Aselfdriving cars will greatly improve the traffic environmentBaccidents caused by selfdriving cars might receive more attenti
31、onCproblems involving selfdriving cars might shake the public trust in societyDcar makers neednt take the risk of solving selfdriving car ethical dilemmas答案与解析这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了当一名司机猛踩刹车以避免撞到非法穿越马路的行人时，她是在做一个道德上的决定，将风险从行人转移到车内的人。自动驾驶汽车可能很快就不得不做出这样的道德的判断了。5B推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段中的“but settling on a universal
32、moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task，suggests a survey.”看到下一段讲了这个survey，第三段揭示了研究结果：nations could be divided into three groups，第四段also identified.in a country，通过nations，country可知实验结果按照不同国家划分，可见是文化差异different cultures，故选B。6A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的online quiz可知A正确；B选项作者只是展示不同文化的moral choices，未提及
33、比较；C选项根据第三段开头“analyzed these answers, they found that nations could be divided into three groups”说明divided是研究结果得出的，而非conduct the study使用的方法；D选项文章未提及experiment，research是通过analyzed these answers得出的，故选A。7C细节理解题。根据题干定位到第四段第二句中的“Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic i
34、llegally”可知根据这项研究，芬兰的司机更有可能撞上非法穿越马路的行人，故选C。8B细节理解题。根据人名定位到最后两段，最后一段“Surveys.can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents”可知Barbara Wege可能会同意无人驾驶汽车引发的事故可能会受到更多关注， B正确；A选项倒数第二段只提到cause fewer accidents, proportionally不等于greatly improve；最后一段that might develop trust可知C错误；D选项car
35、makers neednt take the risk文章完全没有提及，故选B。.短文改错When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member o
36、f the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me
37、many happy memories of your high school days.答案【解析】第一处：删除realize后的of考查介词。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。第二处：hadhave考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时。第三处：andbut考查连词。固定短语not only.but also.意为“不但而且”。第四处： tooktaken考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。第五处： becomebecame考查动词时态。根据and前面的动词entered判断该句应该用一般过去时。第六处：在picture前加the/ this考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。第七处：theythat/which考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。第八处：differencedifferent考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。第九处： latelatest考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。第十处：yourmy考查代词。根据句意可知此处是“我”高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。
