1、题型专项突破-Unit4 阅读理解（自然灾难篇）阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。AEarthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are
2、 usually quite mountainous(多山的). The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one o
3、f the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in
4、 China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 830, 000 people were killed. This earthquake happened in 1556. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for th
5、em. (1) We can infer from the passage that_. A. people are not afraid of earthquakesB. only strong earthquakes kill a large number of peopleC. a large number of earthquakes often happen next to mountainsD. earthquakes happen only in a few places along the coast(2) How many people died in the earthqu
6、ake which happened in Portugal in 1755?A. 500.B. 140, 000. C. 830, 000. D. About 2, 000. (3) When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported?A. 1964;Alaska.B. 1556;China. C. 1923;Japan.D. 1979;China. (4) According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. The stronger the earthquak
7、e is, the more people are killed. B. Earthquakes often come unexpectedly. C. Earthquakes can cause fires. D. People still dont know when an earthquake will come. 答案：(1)-(4) C D B A解析：(1) 细节理解题。根据文章第一句可知A项错误;从文章有关地震所致伤亡情况的叙述来看, B项错误;根据第一段的“Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mo
8、untainous(多山的). ”可知答案为C项。(2) 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died. ”可知答案。(3) 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知答案。(4) 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. ”可知, A项错误。B“Earthquake!” The word f
9、lashed in my brain. A roaring sound filled my ears. I tried to slide beneath my desk. The desk did a wild tap dance, slipping and sliding towards the centre of the room. I twisted my body and grabbed at the windowsill behind me, somehow kicking free of my dancing chair. I tried to stand. My legs ska
10、ted away as if on a bucking escalator. My fingers shook, grasped and held the windowsill tightly. Somewhere through the roar sounded the terrified scream of some wounded animal. I looked behind me and tried to steady my gaze on the other kids but the scene was a dizzy nightmare. Some of the class we
11、re sitting in the middle of the room, surrounded by chairs and desks. One girl was screaming. A boy was trying to claw his way across the floor to the door in a crazy overarm crawl. My grip froze me to the windowsill. I cried aloud, “Im going to die. Im going to die. Save me. Im not ready to die. Im
12、 not ready!”I hunched forward on my knees and pressed my face against my clenched fingers. I looked at the backs of my fingers and stupidly noticed the fragile pale hairs growing out of the pores. The fingers would soon cease to exist. Somehow the impending horror of my death was too terrible to eve
13、n cry about. Suddenly, I became aware that the rocking had ceased. Perhaps I wasnt going to die. (5) The roaring sound was made by _. A. a wounded animalB. people screamingC. children runningD. an earthquake(6) When the narrator clenches his fingers he is_. A. afraidB. angryC. injuredD. impatient(7)
14、 Paragraph 2 describes the_. A. injuries suffered by the narratorB. effects of a bad nightmareC. disorder in the classroomD. narrators fear of death(8) At the end of the passage there is a feeling of _. A. panicB. hopeC. sorrowD. excitement答案：(5) -(8) D A C B解析：(5) 细节理解题。根据文章, 作者在文章中谈到的现象, 还有一些响声都是来
15、描述地震的。(6) 细节理解题。从文章中我们得知当描述者握紧手指时他非常害怕。(7) 细节理解题。从文章第二段中所提到的孩子、桌子、椅子、屋子等均可说明这地方是教室。(8) 推理判断题。从文章最后一句“Perhaps I wasnt going to die. ”, 我们可以看出他有希望了。CNow many young people are travelling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone. Kri
16、stina Wegscheider from California first travelled alone when she was at college and believed that it was something everyone should do at least once in their life. “It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone. ” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven c
17、ontinents. In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their o
18、wn. Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go travelling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you a
19、nd it forces you to grow as a person, ” said the 30-year-old. Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”, which “makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything”. He said, “The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me
20、each day when Im dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try. ”The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said, “Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness. ”(9) Which of
21、 the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?A. Travelling alone is a necessary experience for everyone. B. It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries. C. It is comfortable to travel around without a friend. D. Travelling abroad helps people to find new things. (10) Travelling alone
22、 is challenging because _. A. you have to make things on your ownB. it is hard for you to prove yourself to othersC. you depend on yourself whatever happensD. it will finally build your character(11) What can we infer about Chris Richardson?A. He started travelling at an early age. B. He was once sh
23、ot in the arm. C. He used to work as a salesman. D. His website inspired others a lot. (12) What is the best title for the passage?A. Travel AbroadB. Travel UnaccompaniedC. Travel LightD. Travel Wide and Far答案：(11) - (12) A C C B解析：(9) 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“it was something everyone should do”可知答案为A项。(10)
24、 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句话：在国外, 没有人帮你看地图, 你生病的时候没有人照顾你, 你钱包被偷的时候没有人借钱给你, 这些都是有挑战性的。因此C项正确。(11) 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一句话可知A项错误;根据第五段的第一句话可知B项错误, 文章中用的是比喻, 而不是胳膊上真中了一枪;D项文章没有涉及, 故C项正确。 (12) 主旨大意题。文章介绍了单独旅行的好处、挑战及感受。根据文章第一段中的“travelling around the world on their own”以及下文多次出现的alone一词可知, B项适合当作文章标题, 其中unaccompanie
25、d“无人陪伴的”与alone同义。DKrakatau Volcano(克拉克托火山)is in a small island in Indonesia. It had been peaceful for about 200 years before it erupted(爆发)in 1883. The first signs of the activity of the volcano appeared in May 1883, when fire and smoke could be seen at the top of the mountain. Great noise could be
26、heard even in Jakarta a hundred miles away. Later the activity grew much greater. The peak(山顶)was covered with smoke and fire;the smoke at one time was seventeen miles high in the air. The lavasoft and hot rockshot up into the air and rolled down the sides of the mountain. The mouth of the volcano w
27、as not at the peak of the mountain but on its side, close to the sea. As it grew bigger and bigger with the eruption, the sea water got into it. When the sea water reached the lava inside the volcano, it made the upper part of the lava colder and harder. And this sealed off(封住)the rest of the lava b
28、elow. As the inside of the lava could not break through the seal, the pressure(压力)built up until the mountain blew up. The eruption of the volcano was followed by several earthquakes which brought about bad result. About 36, 000 people were killed and many towns and villages near the sea were comple
29、tely destroyed by the great waves which the earthquake caused. (13) Give the correct order of the course of volcano eruption. The peak was covered with smoke and fire. Fire and smoke could be seen at the top of the mountain. Great noise could be heard a hundred miles away. The lava shot into the air
30、 and rolled down the sides of the mountain. A. B. C. D. (14) What made the volcano erupt?A. The sea water which went into the volcano. B. The lava. C. The pressure which was bigger and bigger. D. All of the above. (15) Where is the mouth of the volcano?A. At the peak of the mountain. B. On the side
31、of the mountain near the sea. C. At the foot of the mountain. D. Inside the mountain. 答案：(13) - (15) C D B解析：(13) 推理判断题。文章第二段讲述了这个问题。(14) 细节理解题。火山爆发是A、B、C三项共同作用的结果, 并非由其中的一项原因即可爆发。(15) 细节考查题。根据文章第三段第一句话“The mouth of the volcano was not at the peak of the mountain but on its side, close to the sea. ”
32、来断定答案为B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（16）_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own club. Its great fun especially if youre the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays. The first thing you need to come
33、 up with is an idea for your club. （17）_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. （18）_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same things as you. （19）_You should all
34、sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages. At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the very first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers/sisters! The best clubs are always secret!No
35、w you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them. （20）_ Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get
36、 started youll think of loads of more interesting things to do!A. Thats easy. B. Enjoy your own club!C. Invite a designer to join you. D. What are you interested in?E. Summer vacation is just around the corner. F. Then you need to pick a name for your club. G. Use bright thick pens to make a special design. 答案：(16)(20) EDAFG
