1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家 专题十三构词法1.(2019全国卷，62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied.答案：poorly修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。2(2018全国卷，68)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles
2、(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案：strengthen在不定式符号to后面用动词原形。3(2018浙江高考，62)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案：affordablebe动词后应接形容词。affordable “付得起的”。4(2018全国卷，43)And, even if I werent _ (excite) enough about fr
3、ee credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.答案：excited系动词后面应用形容词，此处修饰人，故填excited。5(2018全国卷，55)_ (fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.答案：Fortunately副词作状语修饰整个句子，故用Fortunately。6(2018全国卷，59)I s
4、till cant believe what a _ (coincident) it was.答案：coincidence不定冠词a后面应接名词，故填coincidence。7(2018全国卷，48)In her _ (excited), she didnt seem to realize that she was sharing the babys photos with a complete stranger.答案：excitementher后应接名词，故填excitement。8(2017全国卷，69)However, be _ (care) not to go to extremes.
5、答案：careful名词加后缀ful变成形容词，作表语或定语。此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.结构。9(2017全国卷，70)It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly此处应用副词修饰形容词fun, certain加后缀ly构成其副词形式。10(2017江苏高考，29，改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs death, smartphones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales.答案：conve
6、ntional此处应用形容词修饰名词PCs。名词后加后缀al变成形容词，故填conventional。常用的英语构词法名词加后缀构成形容词续表动词加后缀构成形容词动词加后缀构成名词续表名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词hood childhood 儿童时代；童年boyhood少年时代neighbourhood 街区；四邻 brotherhood 手足情意；兄弟关系ship championship 冠军称号citizenship 公民身份；公民的职责和权力 friendship友谊；友情 relationship 关系；血缘关系；交往scholarship奖学金；学问；学术研究 leadersh
7、ip 领导地位；领导权形容词加后缀构成副词ly actually 实际上；事实上entirely 完全地；全然地；整个地exactly 确实如此；恰好；确切地frequently 常常；频繁地 gradually 逐渐地；逐步地 personally 就个人而言；亲自地selflessly 无私地；忘我地 incerely真诚地；真挚地 unfortunately不幸地形容词加后缀构成名词nessbrightness 明亮；亮度；聪颖darkness 黑暗；漆黑fitness 健康happiness 幸福；快乐 illness 疾病 kindness 仁慈；好意sadness 悲哀；悲伤 se
8、asickness 晕船 sickness 疾病；恶心形容词加后缀构成动词(一)en blacken 使变黑brighten 使更明亮；使更有希望ripen 使成熟；成熟shorten 缩短；使变短 deepen 使加深；变深 sharpen 使变得锋利weaken(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱；(使)变弱harden 变硬；硬化 widen 拓宽izemodernize 使现代化realize 实现ifysimplify 简化diversify 使多样化形容词加前缀构成动词(二)en前缀，表示“使得，使成为”enlarge 扩大nable 使能够enrich 使富裕；充实；改善常见的表示特定含义
9、的前缀re(重复，再) rearrange 重新整理reappear 再现rebuild 重建reconfirm 再证实 recount 重新计算 recover 重新获得anti(反，抗拒)antiwar 反战的antipollution 防止环境污染的antisocial 反社会的bi(二，双)bilingual 双语的bilateral 双边的ex(以前的)expresident 前总统exhusband 前夫exserviceman 退役军人表示“人”的名词后缀ist archaeologist 考古学家artist 艺术家chemist 药剂师；化学家cyclist 骑自行车的人 d
10、entist 牙科医生 journalist 记者；新闻工作者novelist 小说家 pianist 钢琴家；钢琴演奏者 scientist 科学家tourist 旅行者；观光者 typist 打字员 violinist 小提琴演奏者an/ianAmerican 美国人Australian 澳大利亚人European 欧洲人Russian 俄国人 Asian 亚洲人 musician 音乐家politician 政治家 librarian 图书管理员 historian 历史学家常用的否定前缀un(不，非)形容词unable 不能的；不会的unbearable 难以忍受的；不能容忍的unce
11、rtain 不确切的；无把握的 uncomfortable 不舒服的；不舒适的unfair不公正的；不公平的 unusual 不同寻常的；独特的disdislike 不喜欢disagree 不同意disbelief 不信；怀疑disorder 失调；紊乱 disappearance 消失 disagreement 分歧；不一致il，im， in， irillegal 违法的illiterate 不通顺的；文盲immoral 不道德的impossible 不可能的 inaccurate 不准确的 incorrect 不正确的irregular 不规则的 irresistible 不可抵抗的non
12、否定前缀nonstop 中途不停的；直达的nonviolent 非暴力的nonsmoker 不吸烟的人 nonprofit 非营利的.单句语法填空1(2020南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)_ (consequent), power walking, in addition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight.答案：Consequently分析句子成分可知，设空处放在句首，修饰整个句子，作状语，应用其副词形式。2Speech is the fastest method of _ (communicate) between people.答案：
13、communication介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾语。3(2019四川省成都外国语学校学期初考试)A new habit is not about performance; its about _ (consistent) taking action.答案：consistently修饰后面的动词短语taking action，使用副词作状语，故填consistently。4Chinese scientists _ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.答案：re
14、cently修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。形容词recently构成副词。5The college years are supposed to be a time for important _ (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案：growth前面有形容词important修饰，此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列关系。6She went through a period of emotional _ (adjust) after her marriage broke up.答
15、案：adjustment空格前有形容词emotional修饰，故应填名词。7As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to raise your _ (aware) of protecting the environment.答案：awareness在形容词性物主代词your后面，用名词形式。句意：作为环保志愿者，我书面倡议大家提高环保意识。8(2019四川省眉山一中办学共同体月考)Travelers can see these _ (amaze) natural structures from the air or un
16、derwater.答案：amazing应用形容词修饰后面的natural structures，作定语，指令人惊叹的自然风景。amazing “令人惊叹的”。9(2019山东省烟台一中高三质量检测)Its a chance for you to learn more about traditional Chinese culture. I am sure it will _ (broad) your horizons.答案：broaden句意：这是一个让你更多地学习中国传统文化的机会。我确信它会扩大你的视野。根据空格前面的will可知，后面应该使用动词，而broad是一个形容词，故填broad
17、en。10(2019深圳耀华实验学校高三第一次月考)Life is just a blank clothyou can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and _ (danger) people.答案：dangerous修饰后面的名词people，使用形容词作定语，指“危险的人们”，故填dangerous。.单句改错1In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand are
18、 extremely cooperate._答案：cooperatecooperative此处用形容词作表语。由派生构词法可知，v.ive构成形容词。2The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste._答案：tastetasty形容词small, juicy和句子最后一个词为并列表语，故句末的词应改为其形容词形式。由派生构词法可知，v.y构成形容词。3Lets make joint efforts to create a green and harmony environment. Your cooperation would be much
19、 appreciated._答案：harmonyharmonious修饰后面的名词environment，用形容词形式。4Now lets express our thanks to Hayden for his great contribute to us and our school._答案：contributecontribution在形容词性物主代词his后面，用名词形式。5Although he could understand few words, he was still amazing to see the colorful costumes and the unique way of performing._答案：amazingamazed说明人的感受，用amazed。高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！
