1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲过去完成时1过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,即表示“过去的过去”。2过去完成时的各种句式结构过去完成时是由“助动词had动词的过去分词”构成的,had用于各种人称和数。(1)肯定句:主语had动词的过去分词其他(2)否定句:主语hadnot动词的过去分词其他(3)一般疑问句:Had主语动词的过去分词其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语had.否定回答:No,主语hadnt.(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句(即:had主语动词的过去分词其他)?(5)被动语态:主语had (not)been动词的过去分
2、词其他3过去完成时的判断依据(1)由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by/by the end of/“before过去的时间点”/“by the time一般过去时从句”等。(2)由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: 宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成
3、时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。【注意】 before,after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主句、从句都用一般过去时。如:Where did you study before you came here?你来到这儿前在哪儿学习?After he closed the door,he left the classroom.他关上门后就离开了教室。(3)根据上下文来判定。4过去完成时的主要用法(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。(2)过去完成时
4、是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,never等时间副词及 by,before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。(4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到某一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。语法精练.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1By the time I reached home,my mother had_cooked(cook) supper
5、 already.2Catherine had_finished(finish) the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.3The train had_left(leave) when I got to the station.4The little girl has_lain(lie) in bed for almost a month since she fell(fall) sick.5By the end of last year,he had_learned/learnt(learn) 3,000 English word
6、s.6It was the third time that the girl had_invited(invite) him.7I hadnt_found(not find) the dog until last night.8He told his mother that he had_run(run) out of money to buy new clothes.9Tom said that he had_kept(keep) the book for two weeks.10I suddenly remembered that I had_left(leave)the key in m
7、y classroom when I got(get) home yesterday.按要求完成句子,每空一词。11By the time she got up,her mother had_gone_to_work(对画线部分提问)What had her mother done by the time she got up?12When I got home,my mother had cooked dinner.(改为否定句)When I got home,my mother hadnt cooked dinner.13The train had left when I got to the station.(改为一般疑问句)Had the train left when you got to the station?14John had never seen the film before.(改为反意疑问句)John had never seen the film before,had he?15She had already finished her homework.(改为否定句)She hadnt finished her homework yet.