1、Period 3Learning about Language.单词拼写1.His hand trembled a bit,because it was his first time to shoot at a t_ with a gun.2.The broken basketball n_ was replaced with a new one just before the final game.3.Swimmers should be aware of strong _(潮水)4.The morning exercise today is a threekilometer _(慢跑)5.
2、Its great to go to the _(海边)and bathe in the sun.【答案】3.tides4.jog5.seaside.单句语法填空1The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons_(finish)for the day.2 With everything_(need)getting ready for the party，she settled down with a book，waiting for her guests to arrive.3 The young man had a n
3、arrow escape yesterday when his car hit a tree because of _(careful)4 The fans gave a_(vividly)description of the first match of the World Cup as if they were footballers.5 His suggestion is worth _(consider)6_(translate)into Chinese，the book is widely read among the young people.7The building_(buil
4、d)is our new office building.8The road bends_(sharp)【答案】1.finished 2.needed 3.carelessness4.vivid5 considering6.Having been translated7.being built8sharply1.target n目标；靶；受批评的对象hit/miss the target中/脱靶target sth on/at把对准；以为目标/对象meet/achieve a target达成目标set a target设定目标on/off target准确/不准确命中目标target 指射击
5、的靶、军事攻击的目标。引申为被攻击、批评或嘲笑的目标aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标。也可作动词，意为“瞄准；以为目标”goal 指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标选词(target/aim/goal)填空Their most important _ is to create social value.This anti smoking campaign is mainly _at young teenagers.He _at the _but hit the wall.单句语法填空I dont like the televisio
6、n advertisements targeted _ children.【答案】goalaimedaimed；targetat2.hold up 举起；阻挡，耽搁；举出(例子)；支持住；撑起hold down压制；压迫；保住(职位、工作)hold on坚持；抓住；别挂断(电话)hold on to紧紧抓住；守住，保住hold back踌躇；阻止；抑制(情感)hold out维持，支持；坚持，不屈服hold off推迟指出下列句子中hold up的含义She is holding up well under the pressure._Shes always holding up her ch
7、ildren as models of good behavior._An accident is holding up traffic._用适当的介词或副词填空It took three policemen to hold _the murderer.The surrounded enemy troops couldnt hold _ any longer.She just managed to hold _her anger.Hold _a moment and I will go to your rescue.Please hold _to that stamp,for it is qu
8、ite rare nowadays.【答案】承受住举出；提出阻碍；延迟down outbackonon1.Thank God it was;otherwise,I might have been swallowed instead!谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。might/may have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，用于对过去的情况进行推测。此外，might/may have done还可表示“本来可以做某事(而实际上未做)”。Mary might have learned some Chinese before.玛丽以前可能学了一些汉语。neednt have done sth
9、本不必做某事(而实际上做了)cant have done sth 不可能做了某事could have done sth 本可以做某事(而实际上未做)must have done sth 一定做了某事ought to/should have done sth 本该做某事(而实际上未做)oughtnt to/shouldnt have done sth 本不该做某事(而实际上做了)完成句子哈里感觉很不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝得太多了。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.孩子们一定是在树林里迷
10、路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。The children_ lost in the woods;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.【答案】must have drunkmust have got2.They may be many kilometres long withplastic balls to keep them floating on the water,and weights to hold them down on the seabed.他们或许有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们
11、漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。(1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个 介 语 短 语 with plastic balls和(with)weights作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语to keep和to hold作后置定语。(2)句中使用了“keep宾语宾补”结构，keep意为“使处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：keepsb/sth形容词/副词；keepsb/sth介宾短语；keepsb/sth现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)；keepsb/sth过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)。I was too tired to keep my eyes open.我
12、累得眼睛都睁不开了。完成句子他妈妈让他在外面站了五分钟。His mother kept _ _ _ for 5 minutes.单句语法填空Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse)with her stories.【答 案】him standing outsideamused动词ing形式的被动语态动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即being done和having been done。动名词
13、的被动形式在句中可作主语和宾语；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作补语、定语和状语。一、意义1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。完成句子正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。That building _is our library.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去那儿做了演讲。_，Mr.Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。You cant eat anything before _.【答 案】being repairedHa
14、ving been invited being operated on二、功能1.作主语Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。2.作宾语(1)作动词的宾语I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激给我这次出国学习的机会。(2)作介词的宾语I look forward to being invited to his wedding.我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。3.作定语The bridge being built
15、 will be finished next month.正在建的大桥下月将竣工。a meeting being held now现在正在举行的会议a meeting held yesterday昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow明天将举行的会议4.作宾语补足语I heard this song being sung in English then.那时，我听到有人在用英语唱这首歌。5.作状语Being hit by a car,he didnt come to school yesterday.因为被车撞了，他昨天没来上学。用所给词的适当形式填空并判断在
16、下列句中作何成分_(punish)by the teacher made John disappointed._The new bridge _(build)is very important._(cheat)many times,she now believes in nobody._She could not bear _(make)fun of like that._Why didnt you go to see the play?_(tell)the whole story,I decided not to see it._【答 案】Being punished；作 主 语being
17、built；作 定 语Having been cheated；作 状 语being made；作 宾 语Having been told；作状语三、否定形式动词ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前加not。He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。四、动词ing形式被动式的复合结构当动词ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)，其中物主代词(名词所有格)是
18、逻辑上的主语，动词ing形式是逻辑上的主语。I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。完成句子Im sorry for _(没 完 成)my task on time.I cant stand _(你浪费时间)to play such stupid games all day.What excited his parents is _(他被送)to study abroad.Miss Wang,would you mind _(我问你)a personal question?_(天 气
19、允 许 的话),the sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning.【答案】not finishingyour wasting timehis being sent my asking youWeather permitting.单句语法填空1Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _(perform)live is quite another.2The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping
20、without _(recognize)3 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.4China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _(attack)in the South China Sea.5_(ask)to work overtime that evening,
21、I missed a wonderful film.【答案】1.being performed2.being recognized3.being reduced4being attacked5.Having been asked.完成句子1 That man wore dark glasses to avoid _(认出来)2 As we approached the village we saw _(正在盖新房)3_(给了一个这样好的机会)，how could she let it slip away?4He was unhappy_(没有被表扬)what he had done.5He asked who the man_(被做手术)was.【答案】1.being recognized 2new houses being put up/built 3Having been given such a good chance4for not having been praised for 5being operated on
