1、名词1. You can read about other countries, but theres no _ for visiting them yourself.A. compensation B. criterion C. sacrifice D. substitute【答案解析】 D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以读一下关于其他国家的读物，但是没有什么可以成为你亲自去参观它们的替代品。A. compensation弥补；B. criterion标准；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. substitute替代品。根据句意可知，此处用“替代品”符合语境。故选D项。2. All a
2、gree,in the fierce competition,honesty is a vital_of her success.A. evidence B. element C. concept D. criterion【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大家都同意，在激烈的竞争中，诚实是她成功的关键因素。A. evidence 证据；B. element 要素，元素；C. concept 概念；D. criterion标准。此处表示“她成功的关键要素是诚实”。故选B。3. Although Ive called Edinburgh my home for the last ni
3、ne years, I still feel a strong emotional _ to the place where I spent my childhood.A. attachment B. admission C. discrimination D. approach【答案解析】 A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然在过去的九年里我一直把爱丁堡称为我的家，但我对这个我度过童年的地方仍然有一种强烈的情感依恋。A. attachment依恋；B. admission承认，入场费；C. discrimination歧视，区别；D. approach方法，接近。Although尽管，表转
4、折，同时根据句意可知，尽管过去九年我把爱丁堡当家，但对童年生活的地方的感情应该为仍然有依恋。故选A项。【点睛】本题考查名词的词义辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个名词的意义及用法。在本类型题的解题过程中需要明确句子的大概意思，才能明确的判断出所要运用的词语，当然明确辨析出各个名词的含义也是很重要的。4. The two countries expect and hope that their cooperation will deepen in the _ of the Belt and Road Initiative.A. content B. context C. contract D. con
5、trast【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两国希望，在“一带一路”倡议的背景下，它们能深化合作。A. content内容；B. context背景、语境；C. contract合约；D. contrast对比。in the context of意为“在背景下”，符合语境。故选B。5. Coming on as a _ for a regular player, Jones scored four crucial goals for his team.A. symbol B. sacrifice C. superior D. substitute【答案解析】 D【详解】考查名词词
6、义辨析。句意:作为一个替补队员上场，琼斯为他的队打进四个制胜的球。A.symbol象征，标志；代表性的人(物)；B.sacrifice牺牲；献祭，祭品；C.superior更好的；上级的；上级，上司；D.substitute代替者；(尤指)替补队员；代课老师；代替物，替代品。分析句子，划线后提到了“for a regular player(为固定球员）”，可知Jones是一个替补队员。故选D项。6. There is more to good health than the mere _ of disease. Mental health is equally important.A. pre
7、sence B. absence C. experience D. evidence【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康不仅仅指不生病，还包括更多，心理健康同样重要。A. presence 存在；B. absence 缺乏；C. experience 经历，经验；D. evidence 证据。根据“Mental health is equally important.”可知，健康不仅仅指不生病。故选B。7. Meeting all the _applied to Earths seven other continents, Zealandia is on its way to
8、becoming a new continent.A. criteria B. curricula C. data D. phenomena【答案解析】 A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：符合地球其他七大洲的所有标准，新西兰正在成为一个新的大陆。A. criteria标准；B. curricula课程；C. data数据；D. phenomena现象。本句前半部分为现在分词作状语，applied to Earths seven other continents(适用于地球新的七大洲)为后置定语。meet all the criteria为固定搭配，意为“符合所有标准”。故选A。【点睛】名词辨析
9、要根据语境和固定短语来进行判断。如本题 meet all the criteria意为“符合所以标准”。类似的还有meet ones needs意为“满足某人的需求”。8. _ to success cant defeat us. Instead, they can only make us stronger.A. Attempts B. BarriersC. Contributions D. Access【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通往成功路上的障碍不能打败我们，相反，它们只会让我们更强大。A. Attempts尝试；B. Barriers障碍；C. Contributi
10、ons贡献；D. Access进入。根据“cant defeat us”可知，此处表示“障碍”，故B项正确。9. If you want to see a doctor, you should make an appointment with him in advance. Thats a common _ in the U.S.A. habit B. practice C. tradition D. custom【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想看医生，你应该提前和他预约。这在美国很常见。A. habit习惯；B. practice常规；惯例；C. tradtion传统
11、；D. custom风俗。根据句意，此处说的是在美国提前预约医生是常见的惯例，故选B项。10. Experts have pointed out that the _ of severe punishment plays a major role in the growing food safety problem.A. absence B. presence C. existence D. evidence【答案解析】 A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家指出，没有严厉的惩罚是导致食品安全问题日益严重的主要原因。A. absence缺失；B. presence出席；C. existence
12、存在；D. evidence证明。由语意可知，食品安全问题的日益严重在很大程度上是因为：严厉惩罚的缺失（absence）。故选A项。11. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.A. influence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence【答案解析】 C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师必须不断更新自己的知识，以保持他们的专业技能。A. influence影响；B. independence
13、独立；C. competence能力，技能；D. intelligence智力。由语意可知，教师更新自己知识的目的应该是保持自己专业技能。故选C项。12. The couple got into a(n)_ about where to celebrate New Years Eve: at home or in a restaurant.A. comment B. argument C. debate D. quarrel【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇为除夕是在家里还是在餐馆里庆祝发生了争吵。A. comment评论，表示就某人或某事发表看法；B. argument
14、争吵，指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服；C. debate辩论，（正式的）讨论，侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩；D. quarrel吵架，争论，指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。结合后文“where to celebrate New Years Eve: at home or in a restaurant”可知，此处指就在哪里庆祝发生了争吵，用argument更符合，get into an argument“争吵起来”。故选B。13. The company is running out of
15、its fund_and may soon be unable to pay its bills.A. reserves B. sources C. incomes D. collections【答案解析】 A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司的资金储备已经用完，可能很快就无法支付账单。A. reserves储备；B. sources来源；C. incomes收入；D. collections收集。由下一句may soon be unable to pay its bills可知，是资金储备用完了，可能才无法支付账单。故选A项。14. Promoting the _of energy an
16、d carbon footprint reduction is an essential part of building an ecological civilization.A. consumption B. conservation C. constitution D. construction【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：提升能源保护和减少碳足迹是建设生态文明的重要组成部分。A. consumption消费；B. conservation保护；避免浪费；C. constitution建立；组成；D. construction建筑；建造。根据下文的building an
17、 ecological civilization可知，能源保护是生态文化的一部分，故选B。15. Credits in Advanced Placement classes can greatly help students gain _ to competitive schools.A. privilege B. distinction C. currency D. admission【答案解析】 D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：进阶课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的学校。A. privilege特权；B. distinction差别； C. currency货币；D. admis
18、sion进入。分析句子可知，学分帮助学生进入更有竞争力的学校，“ admission”（进入）符合句意，故选D。16. Competition for entry to these programs is keen, and applicants need above-average grades to gain_.A. ambition B. preference C. admission D. competence【答案解析】 C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与这些项目的竞争非常激烈，申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得许可。A. ambition雄心，野心；B. preferenc
19、e偏好；C. admission许可；D. ability能力，胜任。根据Competition for entry to these programs is keen可知，此处指“申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得许可”。故选C。17. There have been widely differing _ in the newspapers about the explosion of the chemical work.A. revisions B. versions C. dimensions D. editions【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于化工厂爆炸的报道
20、，报纸上有许多不同的版本。A. revisions校订，复习；B. versions文字，版本；C. dimensions规模，大小；D. editions刊本。此处指不同的“版本”。故选B。18. With their patience and efforts, Chris and Tim successfully developed a _ of artificial breeding (人工繁殖）and natural reproduction.A collection B. combination C. system D. strategy【答案解析】 B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意
21、：在他们的耐心和努力下，克里斯和蒂姆成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。A. collection收藏；B. combination结合；C. system系统；D. strategy策。根据下文提到的两种繁殖方式“artificial breeding (人工繁殖）and natural reproduction”及句中的关键词“efforts”、“successfully”，结合语境可知，应该是成功地将两种方式结合起来。故选B。19. The company is making a long-term_to breaking into the American market.A. comp
22、laint B. comment C. commitment D. contribution【答案解析】 C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。A. complaint抱怨；B. comment评价；C. commitment致力于，投入；D. contribution贡献，捐赠。结合后文to breaking into the American market可知该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。故选 C。20. Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve ma
23、de.A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案解析】 D考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物；D. assumption假设。故选D。【点睛】题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening（实际发生）和instead of（而不是）可推知，与actually happening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。
