1、写作专项提升第二讲 句子优美7结构英 语2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI句式1 省略结构英语中为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分可以省略,从而让文章显得紧凑自然。省略句在写作中的巧妙运用是书面表达得高分的助力,应当得到重视。写作中常见的省略情况:在以while,when,once引导的时间状语从句,以if,unless引导的条件状语从句以及以although,though引导的让步状语从句中,如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的“主语+be动词”部分。(2021
2、全国甲卷,书面表达)If possible(it is),you can reply to me as soon as possible.如果可能的话,你可以尽快回复我。(2020全国卷,书面表达)When(he is)faced with the difficulties,he always sticks to his post and works hard to overcome them.当面对困难时,他总是在坚守岗位,努力工作来克服困难。When(they are)learning English,some students do not attach importance to sp
3、elling.一些学生在英语学习时,并不重视拼写。对点过关训练用省略结构补全句子1.(2020浙江1月卷,写作)如果有时间,请通过电子邮件注册。,please sign up for it by email.2.虽然我愿意帮她,可我不知道她需要什么。,I didnt know what she wanted.3.那天放学回家时,我注意到三个男孩在和丹尼说话。,I noticed three boys talking with Danny.If availableWhile willing to help herWhile walking home from school that day 4.
4、那真是一见难忘。,it can never be forgotten.5.如果是这样的话,你可以来和我的家人一起庆祝。,you can come to celebrate it with my family.Once seen If so 句式2 强调结构书面表达中,强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果,突出要强调的重点,更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。1.强调句的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。这个句型可以强调除了谓语的其他任何部分。(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)It is because this activity will be prese
5、nted on the English website that I want you to give me some advice.正是因为这次活动是在英文网站上进行的,所以我想让你给我提些建议。(2020全国卷,书面表达)It was Mr.Zhang who made me perceive the importance of learning English well.正是张先生让我意识到学好英语的重要性。2.强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分?Was it in the supermarket that Tom lost his w
6、allet?汤姆是在超市里丢的钱包吗?3.强调句的特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was it+that+句子其他部分?When was it that you first went to the Great Wall?你第一次去长城究竟是什么时候?4.It is/was not until.that.“直到才”It was not until 8 oclock that he realized he had spent the whole day on the Internet.直到八点钟,他才意识到自己一整天都在上网。People say,“Guilins scenery is peerless
7、 in the world.”It was not until I visited the place that I found it really worthy of the reputation.人们都说:“桂林山水甲天下。”直到去了桂林,我才发现它果然名不虚传。5.强调谓语动词时,用助动词do/does/did,且只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)I do believe you can help me solve these puzzles.我真的相信你能帮我解决这些难题。(2020全国卷,书面表达)We did hope there woul
8、d be more meaningful activities in the coming future.我们确实希望今后会有更多有意义的活动。对点过关训练用强调结构补全句子1.(2020新高考全国卷,写作)正是凭着真诚和诚信,我们才创造了一种和谐的气氛。we created a harmonious atmosphere.2.是茶馆见证了我们所有人真正愉快的时光。witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.3.(2020全国卷,书面表达)正是他的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。caused China to change gradually.
9、It was with sincerity and faithfulness that It was the tea house thatIt was his continuous efforts that 4.(2019浙江卷,写作)我真的希望你有一个光明的未来,我们的友谊将永远持续下去!and that our friendship will last forever!5.直到那时,我才注意到那个男孩什么也看不见。I noticed the boy could see nothing.6.据我所知,赢得这次竞赛的人可能是你。As far as I am concerned,.I do ho
10、pe that you will have a bright futureIt was not until then thatit is you who/that are likely to win the contest7.这和去年在会议上演讲的是同一个人吗?spoke at the conference last year?8.正是由于这样,环境保护才变得越来越重要。the environmental protection is becoming more and more significant.Is it the same person whoIt was because of thi
11、s that 句式3 倒装结构倒装结构分为部分倒装和全部倒装。在英语写作中,我们可以通过倒装强调我们要传达的信息,给文章增色。1.not,none,never,little,seldom,neither,nor,hardly等否定词,以及表示否定意义的介词短语(如at no time,by no means等)置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。no sooner.than.,hardly.when.等句式中的no sooner,hardly位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。In my opinion,at no time should we ignore the importance of unity.在
12、我看来,我们任何时候都不能忽视团结的重要性。Much to our disappointment,hardly had we got to the farm when it began to rain.让我们非常失望的是,我们一到农场,天就开始下起雨来。No sooner had I got off the bus than I realized my wallet was stolen.我刚下公共汽车,就意识到我的钱包被偷了。2.“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。Only when we think more for others,can we create a harmoni
13、ous environment.只有当我们更多地为别人考虑时,我们才能创造一个和谐的环境。(2020天津卷,书面表达)Only when the two aspects are connected can a man show his talent to great advantage.只有把这两个方面联系起来,一个人才能最好地展示他的才能。3.not only.but also.结构中的not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子用部分倒装。(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)Not only will the online courses break the limitation of
14、 time and space but they will also provide us with great convenience to study.网络课程不仅打破了时间和空间的限制,还为我们的学习提供了极大的便利。4.not until位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,意为“直到才”。Not until he went through real hardship,did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到经历了真正的苦难后,他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。5.as/though引导的让步状语从句可以用部
15、分倒装结构,即将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。Tired out as/though I was,I never felt so happy.尽管我很累,但我从来没有这样开心过。(2019北京卷,书面表达)Busy as/though we are,we benefit a lot mentally and physically.尽管我们很忙,但我们在精神上和身体上都受益匪浅。6.在so/such.that.结构中,当so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。So excited was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at ri
16、ding my new bicycle.我是那样的兴奋,以至于我迫不及待地要试骑我的新自行车。So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling.他那么努力工作,以至于抽不出时间去旅行。7.在含有had,should,were等的虚拟条件状语从句中,若省略连词if,则可将它们移到主语前构成部分倒装。Were I you,I wouldnt do that.如果我是你,我就不会那样做。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Had it not been for his guidance andencouragement,I co
17、uldnt have won first prize in the English Contest.如果没有他的指导和鼓励,我不可能在英语竞赛中获得第一名。(2019全国卷,书面表达)Should you consider my application,I would be more than grateful.如果你能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。8.here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,around,on the wall,in the room,in front of,at the foot of等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词而
18、不是代词时,句子用全部倒装。Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.下一步,到了我要求他们亲自尝试的时候了。Here are my tips for you.这是我给你的建议。Then came the momentthe time to share the days new learning.然后到了分享一天新知识的时刻。In that picture,around the table with three books on it sit three students.在那幅画中,三个学生坐在桌子周围,桌
19、子上有三本书。At the foot of the mountain stands an old temple.一座古老的寺庙屹立在山脚下。对点过关训练用倒装结构补全句子1.(2020江苏卷,书面表达)一方面,过去几十年的总体发展如此惊人,以至于他们急于熟悉中国的情况。For one thing,over the past decades that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.2.她讲英语如此清晰,总能让别人听懂。she can always make herself unde
20、rstood.3.只有通过努力工作,我们才能在做任何事时都获得成功。succeed in doing anything.so striking has been the overall developmentSo clearly does she speak English thatOnly by working hard can we4.(2019全国卷,书面表达)如果我被选中,我会致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。,I would devote myself to being a qualified volunteer.5.无论如何,这种方法都不会令人满意的。be satisfactory.6.
21、虽然他是个孩子,但他能做到很多大部分成年人做不到的事。,he can do many things most adults cant.7.在他们前面,山谷从路旁急剧倾斜而下。sharply away from the road.8.直到失去了健康,我们才明白它的价值。its value.Were I chosen By no means will this methodChild as though he isIn front of them the valley dropped Not until we lose our health do we realize 句式4with/withou
22、t复合结构写作中,使用with/without复合结构会让句子结构紧凑,言简意赅。此结构由“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,可在句中作定语和状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。复合宾语中宾语是名词或代词,宾语补足语是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。其结构如下:(1)with/without+名词/代词+形容词(2)with/without+名词/代词+副词(3)with/without+名词/代词+介词短语(4)with/without+名词/代词+动词不定式(5)wi
23、th/without+名词/代词+分词She walked out in the rain,with her clothes all wet.(with+名词+形容词)她冒雨出去,衣服都湿透了。With the meal over,we all went home.(with+名词+副词)吃完饭后,我们都回家了。The girl raised her head with tears in her eyes.(with+名词+介词短语)那个女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without+代词+动词不定
24、式)没有我帮他,他不可能完成这项工作。(2021新高考全国卷,写作)With the 10th anniversary ceremonydrawing near,I am writing to extend my heartfelt congratulations.(with+名词+现在分词)随着十周年庆典的临近,我写信(向你)表示衷心的祝贺。The house caught a fire last night,with nothing left in it.(with+名词+过去分词)那栋房子昨晚发生了火灾,里面什么东西都不剩了。对点过关训练用with/without复合结构补全句子1.(2
25、020新高考全国卷,写作)所有跑步者都尽力完成任务,一路上的同学给了他们必要的帮助和鼓励。All runners tried their best to finish the task,.2.父母不在,汤姆变得更淘气了。,Tom became more naughty.with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragementWith his parents absent3.(2019全国卷,书面表达)因为我们的队伍每天放学后都在训练,所以我们一定能赢得比赛。,we are su
26、re to win the game.4.会议很快就结束了,没达成任何一项协议。The conference hurriedly finished.5.随着夏天的临近,天气越来越热。,it is becoming hotter and hotter.With our team training every day after schoolwithout a single agreement reachedWith summer drawing near 句式5 非谓语动词写作中,如果适当地使用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换,不但可以丰富句式,而且会提升文章的档次。下面是非谓语动词的常见句型
27、:1.(使役动词)let/make/have/get/keep/leave.sb/sth do/doing/done.使/让某人/某事做/正在做/被做If you have further questions,please feel free to let me know.如果你还有问题,请尽管让我了解。You shouldnt have gone home,leaving your deskmate cleaning theclassroom alone.你不该留下你的同桌独自打扫教室,而你却回家了。We cant leave such an important matter unfinis
28、hed.我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。2.(感官动词)see/notice/watch/hear.sb/sth do/doing/done.看到/注意到/观察到/听到某人/某物做/正在做/被做Hearing them singing the song,I couldnt help thinking of my pleasant childhood.听到他们唱这首歌,我情不自禁地想起了我愉快的童年。Arriving home and seeing my mother preparing supper,I hurried to help her.回到家,看到妈妈正在准备晚饭,我赶紧去帮她。3
29、.when/while/once/unless/although.doing/done.当/有一次/除非/虽然做/被做(2020全国卷,书面表达)We couldnt help eating grapes while pickingthem.我们在摘葡萄的时候忍不住吃了。When offered help,people often say“Thank you”or“Its kind of you”.当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。4.having done.已经做了Having served as a volunteer in a summer camping,I feel
30、 Im fit for the position.我曾在一次夏令营中做过志愿者,所以我觉得自己适合这个职位。Having finished his English composition,he started to read China Daily of that day.在完成了他的英语作文以后,他开始阅读当天的中国日报。5.疑问词+to do(2021浙江卷,写作)Im writing to tell you when and where to have ourexhibition of students traditional Chinese paintings.我写信是为了告诉你什么时
31、间以及在哪里参观我们的学生国画展。In addition,we should learn how to get along well with others.另外,我们应该学会如何与他人和睦相处。6.only to do/to be done 结果却Last Friday afternoon,I hurried to the airport to see you off,only to find yourplane was taking off.上周五下午,我赶往机场给你送行,结果却发现你乘坐的飞机正在起飞。7.be easy/difficult.to do.做容易/困难With so man
32、y variables,it is difficult to calculate the cost.有这么多的可变因素,很难计算出成本。8.be said/reported/considered to do.据说/报道/认为(2020天津卷,书面表达)Their class is said to have been chosen to take part in the coming ceremony.据说,他们班已经被选中参加即将到来的典礼。9.judging by/from.根据判断(2020全国卷,书面表达)Judging from what he said,we could tell t
33、hat he was a knowledgeable,humorous and responsible man.根据他说的话,我们可以判断他是一个博学、幽默且负责任的人。pared with/to.与比较Compared with modern communication,writing letters has more advantages.与现代通信相比,写信有更多的优点。11.prefer to do.rather than do./would rather do.than do./would do.rather than do.宁愿做,而不愿做Many people prefer to
34、 telephone rather than write letters.许多人宁愿打电话,而不愿写信。12.remain to be done 有待于被(2020新高考全国卷,写作)It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not.这个计划是否会对学生有好处,还需要拭目以待。对点过关训练用非谓语动词补全句子1.(2020新高考全国卷,写作)真诚地希望你能代表我们队参加比赛。You are sincerely expected to take part in the game.2.吃饭时,你需要避免
35、在咀嚼食物时发出声响。,you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.representing our teamWhen enjoying the meal3.(2019浙江卷,写作)得知你即将动身前往美国,我急切地写信对你的帮助表示衷心的感谢。,Im eagerly writing the letter to express my heartfelt gratitude for your help.4.经历了一次又一次的失败后,她终于成功了。,she finally made it.5.如今,一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈,也不愿与父
36、母面对面谈话。Nowadays some teenagers talk with their parents face to face.Learning that youre leaving for the United States soonHaving experienced failures one after anotherprefer to chat with strangers online rather than 句式6 被动语态当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,就需要用被动语态。被动语态的合理运用能给文章增色添彩,提升写作档次。下面是常用的被动语态:1.
37、be+过去分词(2021浙江卷,写作)An exhibition of students traditional Chinese paintings is being held by our school.我们学校正在举办学生国画展。(2019全国卷,书面表达)As scheduled,it will be held on the playground from 5 p.m.to 8 p.m.next Sunday.按计划,它将在下周日下午5点至晚上8点在操场上举行。2.get+过去分词The traffic was so thick that a whole row of cars got
38、blocked in.交通十分拥挤,一大排汽车都被堵住了。Im feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July,because my left foot got injured.我很抱歉地告诉你,我不得不改变我们7月去云南旅游的计划,因为我的左脚受伤了。3.情态动词+be+过去分词(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)Apart from that,the outcome of study cant beguaranteed.除此之外,学习的结果不能得到保证。对点过关训练.用被动
39、语态补全句子1.据说,原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。It is said that the meeting,which this month,will be put off till next month.2.这项工程可以在一年之内完成。The project within a year.3.新桥提前两年竣工。The new bridge two years ahead of schedule.is scheduled to be heldcan be completedhas been/was finished4.这本书直到作者逝世后才出版。The book the author
40、 died.5.那所学校每年都有几百名学生被重点大学录取。Hundreds of students in that school the key universities every year.was not published untilare admitted into.利用被动语态,结合汉语提示补全短文A very terrible rainstorm hit our city last night and caused huge mudslide around West Village.In this disaster,1.(许多房屋被毁)and 2.(一幢办公楼被毁坏了).To ma
41、ke matters worse,it has already caused one death,leaving three persons missing.When the trouble occurred,help came from all quarters.Soldiers 3.(被派去帮忙).And a lot of villagers tried their best to help search for the missing persons.4.(据说)the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm adds up
42、 to more than ten million yuan.Through everyones efforts,everything went on smoothly.many houses were destroyedan office building was ruined were sent to help out It is said that 句式7 虚拟语气写作中,虚拟语气的使用会让读者感觉表达自然,能起到强调的作用,为文章增加感情和色彩,提升写作档次。下面是常用的虚拟语气形式:1.if虚拟条件句(2019全国卷,书面表达)I would be much obliged if y
43、ou could reply to meat your earliest convenience.如果您能在方便时尽早答复我,我将不胜感激。2.隐含条件虚拟句(2020全国卷,书面表达)Without his aid,I wouldnt have boosted my integrated skills in English.没有他的帮助,我不可能提高我的英语综合技能。3.在wish宾语从句中使用虚拟语气(2021新高考全国卷,写作)I have thousands of blessings and wishYouth could achieve greater success and gai
44、n more popularity.我有千万个祝福,愿青年事业更上一层楼,人气更旺。(2020浙江卷,写作)We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery.我们都非常想念你,祝你早日康复。4.在would rather后面的从句中使用虚拟语气Arriving home,I would rather that I hadnt given up the opportunity.到了家,我宁可不曾放弃这次机会。5.在its time that后面的从句中常用过去式With your skills improvi
45、ng,its time that you had competitions with your teammates,which excites you most.随着你技能的提高,是时候与队友进行比赛了,这最让你兴奋。6.在有“建议、命令、要求、请求”等相关的词的名词性从句中用(should)do结构Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture,I suggest you apply for Peking University,one of the best universities in China.了解到你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣,我建议你申请中
46、国最好大学之一北京大学。对点过关训练用虚拟语气补全句子1.要不是我的英语老师的鼓励,我那时就不可能取得那么大的进步。,I couldnt have made such great progress then.2.如果我们相遇却不能在一起,那我宁愿我们从没有遇见。,then I would rather that we never met.3.(2019全国卷,书面表达)我衷心希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。I sincerely.Without/But for my English teachers encouragementIf we meet but cant be togetherwish that you could offer me this precious opportunity4.她要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。She of her decision until the next meeting.5.我希望我母亲不再干预,让我自己拿主意。I and let me make my own decisions.requested that no one(should)be toldwish my mother would stop interfering
