1、选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Looking forwards主题:人与自我子话题:身处逆境对应教材:必修第三册 Unit 6Disaster and hope;选择性必修第一册Unit 1Laugh out loud!,Unit 2Onwards and upwards;选择性必修第二册 Unit 6Survival;选择性必修第三册 Unit 3War and peace;选择性必修第四册 Unit 1Looking forwardsStep 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章(2019 天津高考阅读理解D)Would you BET on the future of this m
2、an?He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning,and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives,he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to
3、 the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes,and the book was Don Quixote(堂吉诃德).And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days,while others go to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out
4、of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark.Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us,in f
5、act,progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But,if we are willing to learn,the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and sk
6、ills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please,some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm,we can keep on learning.Then we will know h
7、ow important it is to have meaning in our life.However,we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我),whether to loved ones,to fellow humans,to work,or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视 等 同 于)“commitment”with such“caring”occupations
8、as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a truck,or running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are.Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesso
9、n.按要求完成任务1.写出与本单元有关的话题词汇。_2.What do you think adults should do to lead a meaningful adult life?_ struggle,debt,misfortune,determine,creativity,adopt,fixed,attitudes,trap,opportunity,motivation,enthusiasm,commitment.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind,so we should never give uplearning with
10、high motivation and enthusiasm and should learn suitable ways todeal with life.Step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.arise v.出现;发生;(由)引起;起身;起床【教材原句】Of course,the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems,when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.(P9)当然,最大的困境产生于道德问题,当我们不确定哪种选择会导致正确的事情。【
11、词块必记】arise from/out of由而引起;由而产生;从中产生【巧学助记】【易混辨析】arise vi.出现,引起(过去式arose,过去分词arisen)rise vi.升起(过去式rose,过去分词risen)raise vt.举起(过去式raised,过去分词raised)【语境速测】写出下列句中黑体部分的含义Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.()Mistakes often arise from carelessness.()A curl of smoke is arising ou
12、t of the chimney.()They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.()Seeing their teacher come into the classroom,all the students arose from the chairs.()出现由而引起上升起床起身【文化金句】One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply,of course,partly be
13、cause some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose,which has aroused some objections.当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨,当然,部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格;这种现象已经引起了一片反对之声。2.affection n.感情;喜爱;影响;感染【教材原句】For example,the rose could represent love and affection,and the rainbow could symbolise hope.(P10)例如,玫瑰可以代表爱和喜欢,彩虹可以象征希望。【词块必记
14、】(1)affect vt.影响;感动;侵袭be greatly/deeply affected by被深深打动be affected with high fever发高烧(2)effect n.作用;影响in effect 事实上(3)have an effect/influence on对产生影响【误区释疑】affect是一个及物动词,意思是“影响,感动,侵袭”。而effect通常作名词用,意思是“结果,效果,作用,影响”;作及物动词用时,是“招致,实现,达到(目的等)”的意思。【语境速测】单句语法填空With the governments aid,those people _(affe
15、ct)by the disease have recovered.Around 540 million people _(affect)by second-hand smoke,which causes 100,000 deaths per year.Favorable policies are _effect to encourage employees professional development.完成句子An unhappy home environment can _(影响儿童的行为).affectedare affectedinaffect/have an effect on a
16、 childsbehaviour句式升级Many young people were affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled._,many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语)Affected by his story3.circumstance n.环境;情况【教材原句】Once we make a decision,in most circumstances,there is no going bac
17、k.(P9)一旦我们做出决定,在大多数情况下,就没有回头路了。【词块必记】(1)in/under the circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此(2)in/under no circumstances 决不;无论如何都不(置于句首时,句子倒装)(3)in/under any circumstances在任何情况下【语境速测】完成句子It might not be a perfect solution,but its the best I can do _.这可能不是一个完美的解决方案,但这是我在这种情况下能做得最好的。_that I would meet so many proble
18、ms when I decided to take the job.当我决定接受这份工作时,我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。(倒装)under/in thecircumstancesUnder no circumstances did I expect4.fluency n.流利,流畅【教材原句】Fluency in English and French.(P11)说英语和法语很流畅。【词块必记】(1)fluent adj.流利的;流畅的be fluent in.在方面流利(2)fluently adv.流利地;流畅地【语境速测】单句语法填空Shes stayed in the country
19、 for years and can speak the local language _(fluent).I can speak English _,so my deskmate admires my _English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.(fluent)._(fluent)in French is required in his job.fluentlyfluentlyfluentFluency.核心短语5.make up ones mind下定决心;做出决定【教材原句】I cant make
20、 up my mind what the right thing to do is.(P6)我无法决定什么是正确的事情。【词块必记】(1)make up ones mind to do sth.下定决心;做出决定去做某事(2)bear/keep.in mind that.把放在心里;把记在心上(3)change ones mind改变主意【名师点津】make up ones mind中的名词mind有数的变化,需根据ones的单复数来确定mind的单复数。【语境速测】完成句子You must _these points _while setting your goals.在设定目标时,你必须牢
21、记这些要点。After a heated discussion,we _to record our experiences at school.经过激烈的讨论,我们下定决心录制在校的一些活动经历。句式升级First of all,remember that you had better arrive earlier than the appointed time.First of all,_that you had better arrive earlier than the appointed time.keepin mindmade up our mindsbear/keep in min
22、d.经典句式6.Having set himself this goal,he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences.在为自己设定了这个目标之后,他根据自己的经历写了小说和短篇小说【典型例句】Having been told many times,he still made the same mistakes.被告知很多次,他仍然犯相同的错误。【句型公式】现在分词(短语)作状语用法:v.-ing的完成式表示动作发生时间早于主句谓语动词现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词短语作状语时,与主
23、句之间不可出现并列连词。分词的否定形式是通过在分词前加not,never等否定词构成。现在分词的一般式:主动:doing;被动:being done;现在分词的完成式:主动:having+done;被动:having+been+done。【语境速测】单句语法填空Four people entered the room _(look)around in a curious way._(defeat)many times,he didnt lose heart._(hear)her coughing bitterly one night,I decided to pull her from it
24、all.People from all the corners came to the city center,_(make)it very crowded.Nervously _(face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.lookingHaving been defeatedHearingmakingfacing【备选要点】1.mixture n.混合;混合体【教材原句】Ultimately,the road aheadthe road through our lives
25、is a mixture of choice and chance.(P9)最终,未来的道路这条贯穿我们人生的道路是选择和机会的混合。【词块必记】(1)mix.with.把与混合mix.up with 把和搞混了(2)mixed adj.混合的,复杂的【语境速测】单句语法填空If you mix blue _yellow,you will get green.The little boy _vinegar with sugar,and the _tasted not so bad.(mix)With _(mix)feelings on my mind,I couldnt concentrate
26、 on the experiment.withmixedmixturemixed2.alternative adj.供选择的;其他的n.可能的选择;选择对象【教材原句】Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.(P9)生活每天抛给我们很多选择。【词块必记】(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事(2)an alternative to.的替代物(to是介词)(3)“别无选择只好做”的其他表达形式:have no choice but to do sth.cant do sth.b
27、ut do sth.can do nothing but do sth.【语境速测】单句语法填空He said that they had _alternative plan if the plan they had put forward was not accepted.The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to _(communicate)with others.It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but _(call)the police.词汇升
28、级We have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.We have no _but to face failure bravely and learn from it.ancommunicatingto callalternative3.put off 推迟,延期【教材原句】Can you put off making a decision until youve spoken to your high school advisor?(P6)你能推迟做决定直到你跟你中学的指导老师交流之后吗?【词块必记】(1)put
29、off doing sth.推迟做某事put off是“动词+副词”型短语,人称代词作宾语时,要放在put与off中间。(2)put 其他短语put aside不考虑;储存put away将收起put forward提出,提议;将提前put on穿上,戴上;上演;举行put out 扑灭,熄灭;生产;出版put up建造;张贴;举起;提高put up with 忍受,容忍【语境速测】用put短语填空I _going to the doctor but I wish I hadnt.I can _the house being untidy,but I hate it if its not cl
30、ean.Encourage children to _some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.We will _the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.He _a good proposal at the class,which made us very happy.put offput up withput asideput offput forward【文化金句】The meeting is put off till next
31、 Monday.会议推迟到了下周一。Step 3 强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020新高考全国卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries,wealthy people travelledand collected plants,_(history)objects and works of art.2.(2020全国卷)They are _(qualify)for the marathon.3.(2020全国卷)Designer Jennifer Anderson _(admit)it took her a while to come around to th
32、e opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.4.(2019全国卷)Participate _discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.historicalqualifiedadmitsin5.(2019北京高考)It was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without _(detect).detection.完成句子1.
33、_,he is familiar with every character in the novel.之前读过这本小书很多次,他熟悉小说里面的每一个人物。2.It is so hot _,with the air-conditioner on.天如此热以至于我们一整天都待在家里,开着空调。3.If it rains hard,we will have to _.雨如果下得很大的话,我们就不得不把运动会推迟到下周。Having read the novel many timesthat we stay indoors all dayput off the sports meet next wee
34、k4.It is the first time that _and I am deeply impressed with its beauty.这是我第一次去杭州,我被它的美深深地吸引了。5.For years,my mum has been helping out by giving them _.这么多年来,我的妈妈一直帮助着他们通过给予他们她所能节省出来的任何食物。I have come to Hangzhouwhatever food shecould spare.语法填空Have you ever meet the case 1._you have a plan in place f
35、or the future,but it didnt become reality.In our daily life,some people are 2._(fortunate)than others,as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors.thatmore fortunateThe American author,Ernest Hemingway,born in 1899,was determined to write since his boyhood.On 3._(leave)high sch
36、ool,he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.In his words,“I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.”4._(set)himself this goal,he wrote novels and short stories 5._(base)on his personal experiences.His novel The Old Man and the Sea 6._(win)the Pulitze
37、r Prize for Fiction in 1953.leavingHaving setbasedwonBy contrast,the young Arthur Conan Doyle,born in Scotland in 1859,had originally worked as a doctor.After Sherlock Holmes made him famous,Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself 7._writing.He still wanted to become known for his 8._(history)nov
38、els amongst other academic works,so he killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893.However,fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle,under immense pressure,was forced 9._(bring)Holmes back from the dead.Though both of these men were successful at last,their paths to success were very
39、different.So 10._ twists and turns you might encounter,take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.tohistoricalto bringwhatever直击高考培养思维品质核心素养懂得运用适当的思维方式分析如何做出生活中的一些重要抉择,从而培养正确的价值观和人生观。高考链接2020新高考全国卷阅读理解B;2020新高考全国卷完形填空;2020天津高考阅读理解B和D;2019全国卷阅读填句;2019全国卷阅读填句;
40、2018全国卷完形填空.话题与阅读理解(2021济南模拟)Nobody likes to fail.It makes people feel embarrassed and discouraged.Whats worse,it may cause major professional or personal trouble and lead to negativity.Basically,failure is no fun for most people.However,a vast body of research tells us that failure provides us with
41、 a chance to grow and develop,increases adaptability,and helps protect against anxiety.Its hard to change the mindset(心态)of a lifetime.But even if we still cant get over the broken marriage or the failed College Entrance Examination or the work presentation that went fearfully wrong,it might not be
42、too late for our kids.Christy Pennison,a professional consultant,says she works with an increasing number of kids and teens who show significant anxiety around a fear of failure.She said,“We want to protect our children,and we want them to live happy and meaningful lives,so we frequently tell them t
43、he harm of failure and ask them to avoid failure.The children experiencing internal and sometimes external pressure think they shouldnt fail.Meanwhile,we always have high expectations of them.So when they dont live up to a certain standard,or things dont go according to the plans,they will feel upse
44、t and anxious.”Pennison argues that failures are often the hidden learning chances that can help people develop positive qualities,like persistence,focus,flexibility,patience,and positive self-image.So what can parents do to help their children embrace(拥抱)failure instead of avoiding it at all costs?
45、Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort,not the result.“This allows children to build confidence in themselves,”she explains.“Acknowledging the effort can give children permission to try new things without a fear of failure.And the bigger picture is that the development of the mindset
46、Id rather try and fail than not try at all.helps them keep a belief in themselves,and expands their world of possibilities.”As Pennison points out,we all fail,but how we get up after we fail is what matters.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为家长应转变对失败的态度,让孩子勇于接受失败,从失败中学习和成长。1.What aspect do most people focus on when
47、 thinking of failure?A.The great courage to face it.B.The efforts made to handle it.C.Unexpected benefits it brings.D.Unpleasant side effects it brings.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“Nobody likes to fail.It makes people feel embarrassed.for most people.”可知,大部分人关注失败的负面影响。2.What does the author intend to do in Pa
48、ragraph 2?A.Bring up the main topic.B.List the challenges in our life.C.Add some background information.D.Stress the importance of the mindset.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要是为了引出文章议论的话题:家长需要帮助孩子树立对失败的正确态度。3.What is mainly talked about in the third paragraph?A.The causes of childrens anxiety.B.Christy P
49、ennisons comments on adolescents.C.The consequences of overprotecting children.D.Christy Pennisons experience in educating children.【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第三段“.we frequently tell them the harm of failure.”以及“Meanwhile,we always have high expectations of them.”可知,本段主要分析了导致孩子焦虑的原因:家长一方面教育孩子不能失败,一方面又对孩子寄予厚望。4.
50、Which of the following advice can help parents encourage kids to face failure?Praise kids every achievement.Make kids embrace a bright mindset.Focus on the process of kids effort.Expand kids knowledge about the world.Encourage kids to make new attempts.A.B.C.D.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“Pennison suggests d
51、irecting praise towards the effort.build confidence in themselves.try new things.”可知关注努力的过程、使孩子拥有一个积极的心态及鼓励孩子尝试可帮助他们勇敢面对失败。【难句剖析】Pennison argues that failures are often the hidden learning chances that can help people develop positive qualities,like persistence,focus,flexibility,patience,and positiv
52、e self-image.分析:Pennison argues 后跟 that引导的宾语从句。名词chances 为先行词后跟that引导的定语从句。like 为介词,persistence,focus,flexibility,patience,and positive self-image是名词短语作宾语。翻译:Pennison认为,失败往往是隐藏的学习机会,可以帮助人们培养积极的品质,比如坚持、专注、灵活、耐心和积极的自我形象。【微技能点拨】巧解段落大意题。段落大意题主要考查考生对某一段落的理解程度及把握该段落在整个语篇中所起作用的能力,一般针对该段落的主旨或目的设题。做这类题,关键在于抓
53、住该段落的内容要点。常用的技巧有:1.寻找主题句。有的文章中段落的主题句在段首或段尾。这类文章一般段内层次较为分明,多采用“总分”或“分总”结构。但有时主题句会出现在段落的中间,这时段落结构一般:细节主题细节。要把握段落的逻辑结构,就要特别关注段落内起过渡作用的词汇,如however,but,and,also,for example,in conclusion,on the contrary等。2.通过关键词概括。有些段落没有明确的主题句,需要考生依据已知的细节自己归纳段落大意。这时可通过略读筛选出最能表达作者意图的关键词,进而确定作者要表达的真正意思。第3题属于段落大意题。本段中没有明显的主
54、题句。从专家Christy Pennison的分析可知本段大意。根据“We want to protect our children,and we want them to live happy and meaningful lives,so we frequently tell them the harm of failure and ask them to avoid failure.Meanwhile.”可知本段主要分析了导致孩子焦虑的两个原因:家长一方面教育孩子不能失败,一方面又对孩子寄予厚望。【微语法填空】Nobody likes to fail.It makes people fe
55、el embarrassed 1._discouraged.Whats worse,it may cause major 2._(profession)or personal trouble and lead to negativity.3._(basical),failure is no fun for most people.However,a vast body of research tells us that failure 4._(provide)us with a chance to grow and develop,increases adaptability,and help
56、s protect against 5._(anxious).andprofessionalBasicallyprovidesanxietyChristy Pennison,a professional consultant,argues that failures are often the hidden learning chances that can help people develop positive 6._(quality),like persistence,focus,flexibility,patience,and positive self-image.qualities
57、So what can parents do 7._(help)their children embrace failure instead of avoiding it at all costs?Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort,not the result.“This allows children to build confidence 8._themselves,”she explains.“9._(acknowledge)the effort can give children permission to tr
58、y new things without a fear of failure.And the bigger picture is that the development of the mindset Id rather try and fail than not try at all.helps them keep a belief in themselves,and expands their world of possibilities.”As Pennison points out,we all fail,but how we get up after we fail is 10._m
59、atters.to helpinAcknowledgingwhat.话题与写作幸福一直是人们所追求的,那么什么是幸福呢?假如你是李华,请以“幸福”为题,写一篇文章,介绍你自己的幸福观。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Step 1 写作技巧(1)要点写作(根据汉语提示补全句子)幸福是人们一直所期盼的事物。Happiness has always been _.what many people long for有人认为幸福是追逐名利与财富。Some people think that happiness means _.但我认为幸福意味着与家人、朋友在一起。But fo
60、r me,happiness means _family and friends.幸福就是心怀梦想,并努力实现梦想的过程。Happiness is a process,and in this process you have a dream in mind and _ it with your effort.going after fame and wealthbeing surrounded byaccomplish当有人情绪低落或者正经历艰难困苦时,我会第一时间帮助他摆脱困境。When someone is _,or _hardships and _,I would like to _ge
61、t out of trouble _.我认为感恩现在拥有的一切是一种幸福。I think _is a kind of happiness.in low spiritsgoing throughsufferingsassist him toin an instantbeing thankful for what I have now(2)句式升级用定语从句改写句。_ Happiness is a process,where you have a dream in mind,and accomplish itwith your effort.Step 2 妙笔成篇(运用关联词串联以上句子)_Hap
62、piness has always been what many people long for,but what is happiness?Different people have different views.Some people think that happiness meansgoing after fame and wealth.But for me,happiness means being surroundedby family and friends.Happiness is also a process,where you have a dream inmind an
63、d accomplish it with your effort.Apart from that,when someone is inlow spirits,or going through hardships and sufferings,I would like to assisthim to get out of trouble in an instant.Last but not least,I think being thankfulfor what I have now is a kind of happiness.【加固训练】阅读填句(2021宜昌模拟)Many of us li
64、ve with a roommate at some stage.Sometimes,there can be problems.Who hasnt had an argument about whose turn it is to take out the rubbish or who should be the one to clear up after dinner?1You know that theres always someone else around,which can help you feel safer.There is always someone to talk t
65、o,so you never feel lonely.Besides these obvious benefits,there are some you may not notice.2To examine the effect of living alone,Australian university researchers did much research and found that people living alone tended to eat less fresh food,which can have a significant negative effect on long
66、-term health.However,those living with others generally benefited from a more varied diet compared to those living alone.3The researchers believe the social and cultural roles played by cooking,food preparation and eating may be important considerations.For example,those living with friends have som
67、eone else to go shopping with,and thus are likely to buy higher-quality fresh food regularly.4If people living alone find they do not have the knowledge required to prepare a particular dish or cook a certain food,they may fall back on ready-made,less healthy food.However,if they live with at least
68、one other person,they may be able to ask for help.In addition,people living alone can eat whatever they want at any time of the day or night.However,its helpful to have someone around who questions your decision to eat frozen pizza at 3 am.5So,if you now live alone and find yourself fighting a losin
69、g battle against poor eating habits,why not consider sharing a home with someone else?You could encourage one another on to greater health and well-being.A.Cooking skills may be another factor.B.In other words,roommates can draw your attention to unhealthy routines.C.Living with a roommate could be
70、a good thing because a roommate can share your expenses and contribute to your homes maintenance.D.For example,were actually more likely to eat healthier food when living with others.E.What could explain these findings?F.Its hard to find someone who doesnt grate on your nerves,has a similar cleanlin
71、ess level as you and goes to bed at the same time.G.However,living with another person also comes with many benefits.【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要介绍为什么与他人合住有利于改善你的日常饮食。1.【解析】选G。本句是第一段与第二段的承上启下句。第一段说与人合住会出现问题,第二段叙述的是与他人合住的好处就是让你感觉更安全等许多好处,可知这是合住的好处。由此可判断出上下文是转折关系,由此可知G项(然而,和另一个人一起生活也会带来很多好处)符合题意,故选G。2.【解析】选D。本
72、空所在的第二段是叙述与他人合住的好处,而且是你没有注意到的,下面会再举一个你没有注意到的好处,例如,我们与他人一起生活时,实际上更有可能吃更健康的食物。因此D项符合题意,故选D。3.【解析】选E。上一段说为了研究独居的影响,研究者研究后发现独居的人吃不健康的食品。接着下一段说研究人员相信烹饪、食物准备和饮食所扮演的社会和文化角色可能是重要的考虑因素。由此可知,这是对上一段研究发现的解释,分析选项可知E项(什么能解释这些发现?)符合题意,故选E。4.【解析】选A。根据本空后的内容可知,本段说的是独居的人可能吃不健康的食品与烹饪知识有关,因为没有这方面的知识,所以就没有烹饪技巧,不会做饭。分析选项可知A项(烹饪技巧可能是另一个因素)符合题意。故选A。5.【解析】选B。根据转折连词However可知前后两句意思是相反的。本空前的内容“然而,身边有人质疑你在凌晨3点吃冷冻披萨的决定对你是有帮助的。”那么下一句自然是说,合住的人对你也有不好的影响。分析选项可知B项(换句话说,室友可以把你的注意力放在不健康的日常上)正是与空前的意思相反,因此选项B符合题意。故选B。
